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1.
We investigated proactive coping with discrimination among heavy women in both a high impact lab study (101 women) and a daily diary study (62 women). Heavy women assessed greater harm and fewer coping resources for discriminatory, as compared to non-discriminatory, hassles (Study 2). Primary appraisals of harm were important determinants of proactive coping, including primary control (attempts to change the environment) and secondary control (attempts to change the self to fit the environment) directed at discriminatory stressors (Studies 1 and 2). When heavy women used primary control coping efforts, they experienced positive interpersonal outcomes (Study 1) and less negative intrapersonal outcomes (Study 2). We discuss the benefits and limitations of engaging in proactive coping and suggest avenues for future research.
相似文献
Robyn K. MallettEmail: |
2.
Graduate employment status and health: a longitudinal analysis of the transition from student 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The prevalence of unemployment and underemployment was explored longitudinally in 248 recent graduates (73 males and 175 females)
over an 18–24 month transition from final year student to 9–12 months post-graduation. Over this period changes in levels
of psychological distress, health behaviours, social support, optimism and achievement motivation were measured. Results show
that both unemployment and underemployment have deleterious effects on psychological and physical health, social support,
optimism and achievement motivation.
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Tony CassidyEmail: |
3.
Perfectionism,Hopelessness, And Suicide Ideation: Revisions to Diathesis-Stress and Specific Vulnerability Models 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kirk R. Blankstein Crystal Hillis Lumley Alison Crawford 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2007,25(4):279-319
The current study examined variables (daily hassles, self-esteem, dispositional optimism, coping modes, and perceived social
support) that could potentially moderate associations between dimensions of perfectionism and current feelings of hopelessness
and suicide ideation in university students (144 women; 61 men). Our study revealed several significant findings: (1) socially
prescribed perfectionism was a significant predictor of suicide ideation, interpersonal hopelessness, and achievement hopelessness
for both women and men; (2) self-oriented perfectionism did not have an independent relation with any of the suicide risk
outcome variables in either women or men; (3) other-oriented perfectionism was associated negatively with both current hopelessness,
particularly interpersonal hopelessness, and suicide ideation in men; (4) the cluster of proposed moderators accounted for
additional unique variance in all suicide risk variables in women but in achievement hopelessness only in men; (5) optimism
and social hassles were unique predictors but the results varied as a function of gender and outcome; (6) each perfectionism
component interacted with specific moderators to enhance or buffer the link between perfectionism and suicide risk. The findings
indicate that self-oriented and other-oriented perfectionism are possibly adaptive or maladaptive under certain conditions.
Implications for the development of comprehensive, multidimensional, integrated models of the perfectionism–suicide risk link
and for prevention and treatment in perfectionists at risk of suicide are discussed.
相似文献
Kirk R. BlanksteinEmail: |
4.
Paul S. Bay Daniel Beckman James Trippi Richard Gunderman Colin Terry 《Journal of religion and health》2008,47(1):57-69
This randomized controlled study measured the effect of chaplain interventions on coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients
over time. One hundred sixty-six CABG patients, received pre- and post-surgery testing at 1 month and 6 months with four instruments.
Five chaplain visits were made to the intervention group, the control group received none. Comparison scores for anxiety,
depression, hope, positive and negative religious coping, and religious coping styles were analyzed. Significant difference
was found between groups in positive religious coping (PRC) (p = .023) and negative religious coping (NRC) (p = .046) scores over time. PRC increased in intervention group, decreased in the control group while NRC decreased in intervention
group and increased in the control group. Demographics were comparable between groups. Moderate chaplain visits (average total
visits time, 44 min) may be effective in helping CABG patients increase positive religious coping and decrease negative religious
coping.
相似文献
Paul S. BayEmail: |
5.
Multidimensional Perfectionism and Ruminative Brooding in Current Dysphoria,Anxiety, Worry,and Anger
Kirk R. Blankstein Crystal Hillis Lumley 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2008,26(3):168-193
The current study examined links between dimensions of perfectionism, ruminative and distractive coping, and multiple measures
of current distress (dysphoria, anxiety, worry, and anger) in 205 university students. A main goal was to test the hypothesis
that perfectionism is related to a new measure of the critical maladaptive component of rumination (i.e., ruminative brooding)
that is not confounded with symptoms and confirm that both constructs function as non-specific vulnerabilities for emotional
distress. Our study revealed numerous significant findings, including: (1) socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) was the
dimension most strongly related to brooding in response to depression and anxiety; (2) SPP, self-oriented perfectionism (SOP),
and brooding predicted various indices of distress; (3) SOP predicted anxiety and worry in women, and it predicted dysphoria
and anger in men; (4) despite the strong associations between ruminative brooding and distress, perfectionism still accounted
for unique variance in distress, and vice-versa. Implications for the issue of the adaptiveness versus maladaptiveness of
perfectionism and for counseling perfectionists who fall into the “brooding trap” are discussed.
相似文献
Kirk R. BlanksteinEmail: |
6.
Joelle C. Ruthig Tara L. Haynes Robert H. Stupnisky Raymond P. Perry 《Social Psychology of Education》2009,12(2):233-249
The first year of college presents numerous challenges experienced as overwhelming by some freshmen who may become overly
stressed and depressed. This longitudinal study examined perceived academic control (PAC) as a mediator of optimism and social
support’s buffering effects on freshman students’ psychological health. Multiple regressions assessed optimism and social
support (at the start of the academic year) as predictors of year-end stress and depression among 288 freshmen. PAC (at the
start of the year) was then examined as a mediator of the effects of optimism and support. Lastly, stress and depression were
assessed as predictors of year-end degree commitment and cumulative GPA. As expected, optimism and support predicted less
stress and depression, yet their beneficial effects were mediated by students’ PAC. Depression subsequently predicted less
year-end degree commitment and lower cumulative GPAs. PAC mediates the protective effects of optimism and support, providing
additional protection for students against poor psychological health. Findings have implications for shielding students’ health
against the demands of the freshman year.
相似文献
Joelle C. RuthigEmail: |
7.
Jennifer E. C. Lee Stacey Gibson Marie-Pierre L. Markon Louise Lemyre 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2009,28(2):69-84
A plethora of studies on terrorism underscores the challenges of managing the psychological and behavioural impacts of terrorist
events. This literature also emphasizes the idea that the global pending threat of terrorism, prior to the occurrence of any event, may also give rise to significant reactions among members of the
public. Drawing from the literature on proactive coping, the current study presents the results of factor analyses performed
on sections of a national survey that assessed appraisals of as well as actual responses to the threat of terrorism in Canada
(N = 1,502). Findings revealed that items assessing individual response to terrorism were represented by three factors in this
context: Individual Preparedness, Information Seeking, and Avoidance Behaviour. Further analyses demonstrated a tendency for
actual preparedness behaviours to be associated with decreased psychological stress, and actual avoidance behaviours to be
associated with heightened psychological stress. Furthermore, the divergent patterns of relationships of terrorism response
appraisals and corresponding actual responses with psychological stress emphasized the need to distinguish different stages
in the process of preventive coping with terrorism. Theoretical and practical implications of findings for individual preparedness
in Canada are discussed.
相似文献
Jennifer E. C. LeeEmail: |
8.
This mail survey measured post-traumatic stress symptoms, spiritual and non-spiritual coping strategies, and positive spiritual
outcomes following the tragedies of 9/11/01 in a national, random sample of 1,056 Presbyterians. Respondents reported mild
to moderate degrees of re-experiencing and hyper-arousal symptoms of post-traumatic stress, unrelated to location or knowing
someone involved. People experiencing high stress used greater frequency and variety of both spiritual and non-spiritual types
of coping strategies. Positive spiritual outcomes were remarkably related to positive spiritual coping strategies, in contrast
to no association with negative coping. This study illustrates the significant degree of post-traumatic stress experienced
with vicarious exposure and a wide spectrum of coping strategies used following the major terrorist attacks.
相似文献
John P. Marcum |
9.
Sharlene A. Wolchik Jenn-Yun Tein Irwin N. Sandler Tim S. Ayers 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2006,34(2):212-229
Investigated whether three self-system beliefs, fear of abandonment, coping efficacy, and self-esteem, mediated the relations of stressors and caregiver–child relationship quality with concurrent and prospective internalizing and externalizing problems in a sample of children who had experienced parental death in the previous 2.5 years. The cross-sectional sample consisted of 340 children ages 7–16 and their surviving parent/current caregiver; the longitudinal analyses employed a subset of this sample that consisted of 100 children and their parents/caregivers who were assessed at three time points. A multirater, multimethod measure of caregiver–child relationship quality and a multirater measure of children's mental health problems were used. The cross-sectional model supported a mediational relation for fear of abandonment, coping efficacy, and self-esteem. The three-wave longitudinal model showed that fear of abandonment at Time 2 mediated the relation between stressors at Time 1 and internalizing and externalizing problems at Time 3. Implications of these findings for understanding the development of mental health problems in parentally bereaved children and designing interventions for this at-risk group are discussed.
相似文献
Sharlene A. WolchikEmail: |
10.
In this introduction we discuss the motivation behind the workshop “Towards a New Epistemology of Mathematics” of which this
special issue constitutes the proceedings. We elaborate on historical and empirical aspects of the desired new epistemology,
connect it to the public image of mathematics, and give a summary and an introduction to the contributions to this issue.
相似文献
Bernd BuldtEmail: |
Benedikt L?we (Corresponding author)Email: |
Thomas MüllerEmail: |
11.
Rolf Loeber Dustin A. Pardini Alison Hipwell Magda Stouthamer-Loeber Kate Keenan Mark A. Sembower 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(6):777-791
Relatively little is known about the factor structure of disruptive behavior among preadolescent girls. The present study
reports on exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of disruptive girl behavior over four successive data waves as rated
by parents and teachers in a large, representative community sample of girls (N = 2,451). Five factors were identified from parent ratings (oppositional behavior/conduct problems, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity,
relational aggression, and callous-unemotional behaviors), and four factors were identified derived from teacher ratings (oppositional
behavior/conduct problems/callous-unemotional behaviors, inattention, hyperactivityimpulsivity, and relational aggression).
There was a high degree of consistency of items loading on equivalent factors across parent and teacher ratings. Year-to-year
stability of factors between ages five and 12 was high for parent ratings (ICC = 0.70 to 0.88), and slightly lower for teacher
ratings (ICC = 0.56 to 0.83). These findings are discussed in terms of possible adjustment to the criteria for children's
disruptive behavior disorders found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders.
相似文献
Rolf Loeber (Corresponding author)Email: |
Dustin A. PardiniEmail: |
Alison HipwellEmail: |
Magda Stouthamer-LoeberEmail: |
Kate KeenanEmail: |
Mark A. SembowerEmail: |
12.
Marianna Szabó 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(3):235-245
This study investigated developmental differences in the relationship of probability and cost estimates to worrying. Adults,
younger children (M age = 8.67 years) and older children (M age = 11.06 years) rated the extent to which they worry about a list of negative social and physical outcomes and provided
subjective probability and cost estimates for the same outcomes. Adults reported worrying more about social outcomes and rated
them as less ‘bad’ (or costly) but more likely to occur than physical outcomes. Unlike adults, children in both age groups
reported worrying more about physical outcomes. However, similar to adults, they also rated social outcomes as less ‘bad’
but more likely to occur than physical outcomes. Regression analyses showed that probability ratings were the best predictors
of worry in adults, both probability and cost ratings equally predicted worry in older children, but only cost ratings predicted
worry in younger children.
相似文献
Marianna SzabóEmail: |
13.
This is a critical discussion of a paper on the problem of bootstrapping by Jose Zalabardo.
相似文献
Anthony BruecknerEmail: |
14.
Phenomenology of the body and the third generation of cognitive science, both of which attribute a central role in human cognition
to the body rather than to the Cartesian notion of representation, face the criticism that higher-level cognition cannot be
fully grasped by those studies. The problem here is how explicit representations, consciousness, and thoughts issue from perception
and the body, and how they cooperate in human cognition. In order to address this problem, we propose a research program,
a cognitive phenomenology of the body, which is basically motivated by the perspective of Merleau-Ponty. We find a substantial clue in developmental psychological
studies on the body and language.
相似文献
Shoji Nagataki (Corresponding author)Email: |
Satoru HiroseEmail: |
15.
Dr. med. Dipl.-Soz. Alf Gerlach 《Forum der Psychoanalyse》2004,20(1):7-12
16.
Jonathan Ichikawa 《Philosophical Studies》2009,146(3):435-443
I criticize Timothy Williamson’s characterization of thought experiments on which the central judgments are judgments of contingent
counterfactuals. The fragility of these counterfactuals makes them too easily false, and too difficult to know.
相似文献
Jonathan IchikawaEmail: |
17.
Greg Hajcak Martin E. Franklin Robert F. Simons Nancy J. Keuthen 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2006,28(3):177-185
The current study examined the frequency and associated distress of both hairpulling and skin picking behaviors in 1,324 college students using the Massachusetts General Hospital Hairpulling Scale (MGHHS) and Skin Picking Scale (SPS). In this sample, many participants reported significant distress secondary to both hairpulling and skin picking. Participants who endorsed relatively frequent hairpulling or skin picking (N = 72) were scheduled for a follow-up testing session to further assess the relationship between these behaviors and measures of affective distress. Compared to a control sample, the follow-up sample endorsed significantly more symptoms of anxiety and stress reactivity, and had higher scores on a measure of obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
相似文献
Greg HajcakEmail: |
18.
Ronald Lukens-Bull 《Contemporary Islam》2007,1(2):173-192
This paper examines some of the illustrative features of doing participant observation research with Muslims both in the field
and back “home.” It is based on my experiences of conducting research in East Java, Indonesia in the classicalist Islamic
boarding schools. My religious subjectivity was important to my research in a number of ways including: (1) the ways in which
the community tried to define my subjectivity; (2) the nature of my personal religious subjectivity; and (3) academic interpretations
of my role and my subject position vis-à-vis Islam and the profession of anthropology.
相似文献
Ronald Lukens-BullEmail: |
19.
Michael Drieschner 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》2008,39(1):1-16
20.
We consider and reject a variety of attempts to provide a ground for identifying and differentiating disembodied minds. Until
such a ground is provided, we must withhold inclusion of disembodied minds from our picture of the world.
相似文献
Jesse R. SteinbergEmail: |