患者门诊话语中确认性问句的信息索取功能

确认性问句是门诊患者使用最多的向医生索取核心医学信息的间接方法。经考察这种兼有信息索取功能的确认性问句的功能、语言形式、内容、医生的答句各方面的特征,得出结论：这种确认性问句是病人综合考虑其目的和利益及其在医患角色关系中所处的地位、医生心理、语用原则、当前医惠关系现状各因素后所选择的语言策略,医生应该认真对待。     

Supervisors’ work-related and nonwork information sharing: Integrating research on information sharing,information seeking,and trust using self-disclosure theory

Although significant scholarly attention has been devoted to understanding subordinates’ information seeking from supervisors, researchers have not paid adequate attention to information sharing by supervisors. Moreover, research on supervisors’ information sharing behavior has focused almost exclusively on work-related information sharing, disregarding supervisors’ sharing of information not related to work (e.g., that related to family). Drawing on self-disclosure theory, we argue that supervisors share both work-related and nonwork information with their subordinates and propose that these two forms of information sharing are conceptually distinct. Furthermore, to unravel the role of supervisors’ nonwork information sharing, we develop an interactive model to test how it may be associated with important employee outcomes. We conducted pilot studies using five samples and, through a sixth study, tested the hypothesized model using a four-wave data collection design. This study makes three major contributions to research and theory. First, it integrates information sharing and information seeking literatures. Second, it underlines the importance of supervisors’ nonwork information sharing in organizations by testing its direct and interactive effects. Third, it contributes to theory by presenting trust as a mechanism that links information disclosure in dyads. Results obtained using structural equation modeling generally supported the proposed model.     

个体反馈寻求的基础和模式

目标定向作为未来时间洞察力的主要内容,其反馈寻求的结构已引起人格心理学家的重视。感知到的代价和价值构成了反馈寻求的基础,而反馈寻求的频率、方法、类型、时机、来源和征兆等构成了个体反馈寻求的主体成分。对这些成分的探讨有助于我们理解反馈寻求与目标获得之间的关系。     

Selective Exposure in the Internet Age: The Interaction between Anxiety and Information Utility

The rise of the Internet forces scholars to reevaluate the frequency and nature of political information seeking in the contemporary period. The functionality of the Internet makes passive exposure more difficult, and selective information seeking easier, than in the past. However, people may also use the Internet in a new and directed way—to arm themselves with information to express and defend their views either online or in the real world. The central question we explore in this paper is what explains balanced versus biased information seeking in the era of the Internet? We combine insights from Sears and Freedman (1967 ) with newer work on emotion to predict motivated selectivity: focusing specifically on the interaction between anxiety and information utility. Our central theoretical claim is that anxiety does not simply boost any information seeking; it triggers information seeking that is useful for addressing the problem at hand. Anxiety alone, therefore, does not guarantee a balanced information search. When counterattitudinal information is useful for some reason—for example, to defend their own opinions to others who may disagree—anxious citizens should seek it out. As a consequence, these subjects should learn more specific information about where each candidate stands on the issues. In an experiment we find support for these hypotheses. We conclude that while today's flexible Internet environment may permit selectivity, balanced seeking should still occur under a fairly common set of circumstances.     

When and why do we want to know? How experienced regret promotes post‐decision information search

The effect of emotional and situational factors on the decision to seek out post‐decision information about un‐chosen alternative was examined in five experiments. Experiment 1 tested participants' willingness to find out the outcome of an un‐chosen investment that was likely to have a higher value than the chosen investment. It was found that participants were more willing to acquire information when they were responsible for the decision. Experiment 2 showed that responsibility affects information seeking, in particular when one suspects that a wrong decision was made. Experiments 3–5 examined the role of regret on information seeking. It was shown that regret about making the wrong investment (Experiment 3), forgetting to send in a lottery ticket (Experiment 4), and missing an opportunity to use a discount card after spending a month in Australia (Experiment 5), mediates the information‐seeking behavior. Experiment 5 also demonstrated that the experience of regret (and not its anticipation) influences post‐decision information seeking even when the information is of no future use. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Understanding the Adoptive Family within the Context of Christian Hospitality

Abstract : Adoptive families can take many forms, yet there are similarities across adoptive family types that can be studied. Relevant research regarding the adoptive kinship network, openness and contact in adoption, family communication about adoption, adoption‐related curiosity and information‐seeking, and adoptive identity is reviewed. Christian hospitality is provided as a context within which adoptive families are formed and understood.     

自我效能感与网络健康信息搜寻关系的元分析

自我效能感与网络健康信息搜寻行为的关系如何,目前研究存在较大分歧。为明确二者关系,探究分歧原因,对检索后获得的44项研究(46个独立效应值)使用随机效应模型进行元分析。结果发现：自我效能感与网络健康信息搜寻行为存在中等显著正相关(r=0.27, 95%CI=[0.21, 0.33]);二者的相关强度受文化背景和被试健康状况的调节,但不受性别、自我效能感测量指标和网络健康信息搜寻行为测量指标的影响。结果初步澄清了健康信念模型、信息搜寻综合模型和风险感知态度框架的争论,表明个体自我效能感水平越高,其网络健康信息搜寻行为往往也会越频繁。研究启示政府和健康医疗从业者可以通过开展网络使用技能培训等干预方式提升公众自我效能感水平,间接促进公众的网络健康信息搜寻行为。     

好奇心的机制及作用

作为一种常见的心理状态和人格特质, 好奇心是认知心理学研究领域中的重要主题。大脑多个脑区的分工和协同作用, 使个体形成了产生与评估预测误差、触发与缓解好奇心以及产生惊奇与新预测误差的认知过程。这些认知过程能够减少对事物和环境的预测误差与信息差距, 消除对事物的不确定性。好奇心在个体终生发展过程中, 对促进认知功能, 保持心理和身体健康有积极的作用。未来研究可以从跨物种、跨学科和多领域交叉的角度切入, 推动好奇心主题研究的深入、研究手段的发展以及研究成果的应用。     

Toward An Explanatory Model of Innovative Behavior

Research on innovative behavior has persistently focused on determining the correlations between numerous demographic and psychographic variables and specific external actions. Unfortunately, such research has consistently produced unreliable results. A preferred alternative to this line of research is an analysis of the causes of innovative behavior with the objective of understanding the process underlying this activity. A framework is proposed for examining innovative behavior based upon a comprehensive model of variety seeking, of which innovative behavior is one outcome. The framework attempts to depict the causes of, the processes involved, and the outcomes of variety seeking, particularly as it relates to innovative behavior. A number of propositions are presented.     

Accounting for sensation seeking in route choice behavior with travel time information

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that latent variables, with the focus on sensation seeking concepts, incorporated in new technique of route choice modeling, improve our analyzing of route choice behavior with pre-trip travel time information. The application of a hybrid discrete choice model framework integrates a latent variable model and a route choice model by combining their measurement and structural equations. The model is estimated based on data from a laboratory experiment and a field study of a simple network. The results show that certain sensation seeking domains (e.g., thrill and adventure seeking) alongside traditional variables (e.g., travel time information) enrich our understanding and provide more insight into route choice behavior. Furthermore, observed personal variables, such as gender and marital status, may serve as causal indicators to sensation seeking variables.     

How health information affects college students’ inclination toward variety‐seeking tendency

Chien‐Huang, L. & Hung‐Chou, L. (2010). How health information affects college students’ inclination toward variety‐seeking tendency. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 51, 503–508. College students often consume too much snacks (e.g. potato chips) and such high‐fat snacks are found to be related to obesity. This paper seeks to explore the effect of health‐related information on the relationship of mood states and variety seeking (VS) behavior among enjoyable snacks. Health warnings and nutritional labeling are used to examine the moderating effects on this relationship. Consistent with our hypotheses, the results indicate that the presence of health warnings attenuates the influence of mood states on VS, so that happy and sad students tend to converge to similar levels of VS. However, in the absence of health warnings, sad students tend to incorporate significantly more VS than happy students. Similarly, the presence of nutritional labeling attenuates the influence of mood states on VS, so that happy and sad students tend to converge to similar levels of VS. However, in the absence of nutritional labeling, sad students tend to incorporate significantly more VS than happy students. The results provide evidence that making health warnings and nutritional labeling more salient might be a good way to decrease students’ VS tendency for high‐fat snacks.     

从好奇发生到满足：好奇反馈循环的神经生理机制

好奇是驱动信息寻求行为最主要的内部动机。从感知信息缺口使好奇发生,到对控制进行价值评估,信息寻求行为发生,再到目标信息获得使好奇满足,每一环节都受到当前信息输入和上一环节反馈输出的影响,它们构成了一个反馈循环。该循环还嵌入在个体的终生发展过程中,随着经验积累和脑的发育不断变化。好奇反馈循环模型融入了控制的期望价值模型和贝叶斯强化学习框架,整合了来自监控系统、奖赏系统、控制系统等多个脑功能系统的研究证据,为理解好奇的神经生理机制提供了新思路。     

信息经济学视角下的医患信任关系重构

在医学诊疗过程中,医患双方存在着医疗信息分布和掌握的不对称,这种情况直接影响着医患信任的建立和患者对医疗效果的评价。从信息经济学视角提出了重构医患信任关系的建议。     

上海医院服务信息符号环境需求分析和建议

通过对上海22家不同级别和类型的医院就医标识信息服务环境的调查研究,分析了上海目前主要医院就医信息符号服务环境的现状与特点,提出了改善就医信息服务环境,建设“以人为本”的、符合中国国情的就医信息服务环境的建议。