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The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has a long history of supporting research to enhance the scientific understanding
of and effective interventions for a range of problems associated with children’s exposure to violence. Recently, funded research
has improved our understanding of the nature and consequences of children’s exposure to violence. This article describes an
NIH initiative for research on children’s exposure to violence, examples of projects supported by the initiative, and emerging
research topics for this important scientific area.
相似文献
LeShawndra N. PriceEmail: |
3.
Jens Johansson 《Philosophia》2009,37(1):87-89
Many philosophers maintain that artworks, such as statues, are constituted by other material objects, such as lumps of marble.
I give an argument against this view, an argument which appeals to mereological simples.
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Jens JohanssonEmail: |
4.
André Juthe 《Argumentation》2009,23(2):133-169
This paper discusses the method when an argument is refuted by a parallel argument since the flaw of the parallel argument
is clearly displayed. The method is explicated, examined and compared with two other general methods.
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André JutheEmail: |
5.
It is commonly believed that people become selfish and turn to looting, price gouging, and other immoral behaviour in emergencies.
This has been the basis for an argument justifying extraordinary measures in emergencies. It states that if emergencies are
not curtailed, breakdown of moral norms threaten (‘the moral black hole’). Using the example of natural disasters, we argue
that the validity of this argument in non-antagonistic situations, i.e. situations other than war and armed conflict, is highly
questionable. Available evidence suggests that people in such emergencies typically do not display panic reactions or exaggerated
selfishness, and that phenomena such as looting and price gouging are rare. Furthermore, a version of the moral-black-hole
argument based on the mere possibility of a moral black hole occurring runs into problems similar to those of Pascal’s Wager.
We conclude that we should be wary against applying the moral-black-hole argument to non-antagonistic cases.
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Per SandinEmail: |
6.
Michael Martin 《Sophia》2007,46(1):75-77
In this note I show that Noreen Johnson misunderstands my argument and consequently fails to refute my thesis that God’s omnipotence
conflicts with his omniscience.
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Michael MartinEmail: |
7.
Harry M. Collins 《Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences》2008,7(2):309-311
My claim is clear and unambiguous: no machine will pass a well-designed Turing Test unless we find some means of embedding
it in lived social life. We have no idea how to do this but my argument, and all our evidence, suggests that it will not be
a necessary condition that the machine have more than a minimal body. Exactly how minimal is still being worked out.
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Harry M. CollinsEmail: |
8.
Nathan Salmon 《Philosophical Studies》2008,141(2):263-280
Jeffrey King’s principal objection to the direct-reference theory of demonstratives is analyzed and criticized. King has responded
with a modified version of his original argument aimed at establishing the weaker conclusion that the direct-reference theory
of demonstratives is either incomplete or incorrect. It is argued that this fallback argument also fails.
相似文献
Nathan SalmonEmail: |
9.
Peter A. Graham 《Philosophical Studies》2008,140(1):65-82
David Lewis has offered a reply to the standard argument for the claim that the truth of determinism is incompatible with
anyone’s being able to do otherwise than she in fact does. Helen Beebee has argued that Lewis’s compatibilist strategy is
untenable. In this paper I show that one recent attempt to defend Lewis’s view against this argument fails and then go on
to offer my own defense of Lewis’s view.
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Peter A. GrahamEmail: |
10.
Maria Lasonen-Aarnio 《Philosophical Studies》2008,141(2):157-173
It is tempting to think that multi premise closure creates a special class of paradoxes having to do with the accumulation
of risks, and that these paradoxes could be escaped by rejecting the principle, while still retaining single premise closure.
I argue that single premise deduction is also susceptible to risks. I show that what I take to be the strongest argument for
rejecting multi premise closure is also an argument for rejecting single premise closure. Because of the symmetry between
the principles, they come as a package: either both will have to be rejected or both will have to be revised.
相似文献
Maria Lasonen-AarnioEmail: |
11.
James Newton Poling 《Pastoral Psychology》2006,54(4):377-391
This article gives an example of cross-cultural teaching between the United States and Korea using Bible study, lecture, and psychodrama by Korean students on the topic of domestic violence. In the process, basic education on domestic violence is presented in a culturally sensitive way.
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James Newton Poling (Professor)Email: |
12.
Jacob Busch 《Philosophia》2009,37(1):55-65
The underdetermination of theory by data argument (UD) is traditionally construed as an argument that tells us that we ought
to favour an anti-realist position over a realist position. I argue that when UD is constructed as an argument saying that
theory choice is to proceed between theories that are empirically equivalent and adequate to the phenomena up until now, the
argument will not favour constructive empiricism over realism. A constructive empiricist cannot account for why scientists
are reasonable in expecting one theory to be empirically adequate rather than another, given the criteria he suggests for
theory choice.
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Jacob BuschEmail: |
13.
Michael Weber 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2007,10(2):209-226
Larry Temkin has shown that Derek Parfit’s well-known Mere Addition Paradox suggests a powerful argument for the intransitivity
of the relation “better than.” The crux of the argument is the view that equality is essentially comparative, according to
which the same inequality can be evaluated differently depending on what it is being compared to. The comparative view of
equality should be rejected, I argue, and hence so too this argument for intransitivity.
相似文献
Michael WeberEmail: |
14.
Joel Thomas Tierno 《Sophia》2008,47(2):223-230
In this essay, I respond to Nick Trakakis’ “A Third (Meta-)Critique.” This critique is directed against my argument concerning
the inadequacy of the traditional theistic argument from free will. I contend that the argument from free will does not adequately
explain the distribution of moral evil in the world. I maintain that the third critique, like Trakakis’ earlier critiques,
is unconvincing. I remain convinced that my original argument regarding the inadequacy of the traditional argument from free
will is compelling. The argument from freedom of the will, considered in itself, is unpersuasive.
相似文献
Joel Thomas TiernoEmail: |
15.
It is generally agreed upon that Grice’s causal theory of perception describes a necessary condition for perception. It does
not describe sufficient conditions, however, since there are entities in causal chains that we do not perceive and not all
causal chains yield perceptions. One strategy for overcoming these problems is that of strengthening the notion of causality
(as done by David Lewis). Another is that of specifying the criteria according to which perceptual experiences should match
the way the world is (Frank Jackson and Michael Tye). Finally, one can also try to provide sufficient conditions by elaborating
on the content of perceptual experiences (Alva N?e). These different strategies are considered in this paper, with the conclusion
that none of them is successful. However, a careful examination of their problems points towards the general solution that
we outline at the end.
相似文献
Valtteri Arstila (Corresponding author)Email: |
Kalle PihlainenEmail: |
16.
Timothy Williamson has famously argued that the (KK) principle (roughly, that if one knows that p, then one knows that one knows that p) should be rejected. We analyze Williamson’s argument and show that its key premise is ambiguous, and that when it is properly
stated this premise no longer supports the argument against (KK). After canvassing possible objections to our argument, we
reflect upon some conclusions that suggest significant epistemological ramifications pertaining to the acquisition of knowledge
from prior knowledge by deduction.
相似文献
Levi Spectre (Corresponding author)Email: |
17.
Mikkel Gerken 《Philosophia》2008,36(1):87-96
There is widespread suspicion that there is a principled conflict between epistemic internalism and content externalism (or
anti-individualism). Despite the prominence of this suspicion, it has rarely been substantiated by explicit arguments. However,
Duncan Pritchard and Jesper Kallestrup have recently provided a prima facie argument concluding that internalism about knowledge
and externalism about content are incompatible. I criticize the incompatibilist argument and conclude that the purported incompatibility
is, at best, prima facie. This is, in part, because several steps in the argument are faulty and, in part, because there are
promising responses available to the compatibilists.
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Mikkel GerkenEmail: |
18.
Sandra E. Marshall 《Res Publica》2008,14(4):253-257
Since I do not disagree with the line of argument taken by Kramer and the distinctions he draws between the different ways
rules can be ‘mind-independent’, my comments focus on some of the complexities involved in the application of his distinctions.
I suggest that law, properly understood as a system of rules/conventions is both existentially and observationally weakly mind independent, but nonetheless objective.
相似文献
Sandra E. MarshallEmail: |
19.
Leo Iacono 《Philosophical Studies》2008,140(3):423-436
In Beyond Rigidity, Soames attempts to defend Millianism by articulating a novel account of the semantics and pragmatics of sentences containing
names. Soames uses this account both to respond to the objection that Millianism unintuitively allows the unrestricted substitution
of coreferential names in propositional attitude contexts, and to generate a positive argument for Millianism. I argue that
the positive argument fails, and that Soames’s account of the semantics and pragmatics of sentences containing names is inconsistent
with Millianism.
相似文献
Leo IaconoEmail: |
20.
Jay Newhard 《Philosophical Studies》2009,142(3):345-352
Contextual theories of truth are motivated primarily by the resolution they provide to paradoxical reasoning about truth.
The principal argument for contextual theories of truth relies on a key intuition about the truth value of the proposition
expressed by a particular utterance made during paradoxical reasoning, which Anil Gupta calls “the Chrysippus intuition.”
In this paper, I argue that the principal argument for contextual theories of truth is circular, and that the Chrysippus intuition
is false. I conclude that the philosophical motivation for contextual theories of truth fails.
相似文献
Jay NewhardEmail: |