人乳头瘤病毒疫苗带来的伦理问题

人乳头瘤病毒疫苗的问世使宫颈癌的预防进入崭新的时代,自其问世以来便饱受伦理争议。通过分析目前全球医学文献中比较重视和争议的伦理问题,如Gardasil与Cervarix哪种更为有效,能否在发展中国家顺利推广,应当"强制接种"还是"自愿接种",男性是否应常规接种等。基于伦理学的基本原则,提出正确的宣教是解决的经由之路。     

“无主胚胎”的处理方式及其伦理争论

随着辅助生殖技术的不断发展,越来越多暂时不需要进行移植的胚胎存放在生殖医学中心.然而,由于各种伦理争议及社会舆论压力,生殖中心往往会困惑于“无主胚胎”的处理.2013年6月,美国生殖医学协会伦理委员会对“无主胚胎”进行了确切的定义并给出了处理意见和指导原则,结合我国实际国情,从“无主胚胎”定义、“无主胚胎”现状、“无主胚胎”的处理方式及伦理争议、对生殖中心的建议四个方面进行阐述,以求为生殖中心在“无主胚胎”处理方面提供相应帮助.     

大学德育的价值取向

以“至善”为理念的大学德育,应以美德伦理还是底线伦理为其价值取向,尚是一个存在争议的问题。大学教育的“至善”理念决定着大学德育应该在理论与现实双重意义上坚持美德伦理的价值取向。     

“国进民退”争议的伦理缘由及伦理效应

“国进民退”是2008年金融危机以来学界关注的经济热点之一,由于学者的产权伦理偏好不同、对“国进民退”社会效用的善恶评价标准不同,因此褒贬不一,各执一词,争论不休.“国进民退”争议现象实质上是国有企业与私有企业的利益矛盾纠葛在伦理上的折射.这一争议虽然干扰了人们对改革形成的原有思想共识,但其积极意义体现在它警醒我们继续深化改革的任务还远没有完成,警醒我们政府的转型升级比企业的转型升级更为迫切,警醒学者研究如何释放民营经济活力更有价值,警醒民营业主在道德上深刻反省.     

论现代临床护理决策的“非语言性”道德语境

现代临床护理决策的“非语言性”道德语境包括道德多元化、患者中心化和责任独立化三个主要方面.对“非语言性”道德语境的忽视导致了护理决策缺乏公信力.临床护理决策伦理模式的建构能使护理决策主体充分考虑“非语言性”道德语境,有利于道德争议的有效解决.     

内在主义视域下的道德增强及其争议

“内在主义”(internalism)是技术伦理学新兴起的一种研究进路,它不同于传统“外在主义”(exter?nalism)进路的地方在于,它主要关注技术的积极伦理后果,主张把伦理要素“嵌入”对象之中,利用技术手段解决伦理问题。“道德增强”的基本理念符合“内在主义”进路的特征,它通过对人的“基因”和“神经”进行技术干预,调节人的道德情感,增强人的道德动机,改善人的道德品质,塑造人的道德行为。尽管“道德增强”的初衷是助人向善,却引发了诸多伦理争议,需要从学理上权衡其利弊。     

"设计婴儿"的伦理思考

飞速发展的现代医学生技技术促使了"设计婴儿"的诞生."设计婴儿"的问世,为罹患不治之症的儿童带来了福音,同时,它对人类传统的生育方式和观念的冲击也引发了一系列的伦理、社会争议.面对潘多拉魔盒,我们不应该因噎废食,而应该理性面对,寻找可行可信的指针来规范"设计婴儿"的发展,为人类造福.     

"110"的伦理两难和道德争议

文章采用个案分析的方法阐释了我国警察行业的几对基本的道德争议和伦理两难。我国“110”报警服务台实行“四有四必”之后,在广受欢迎、深得民心的同时,也遭遇了进退两难的尴尬:面对大量的搔扰和求助等非警务电话,是信守“有求必应”的承诺而继续承受似乎“份外”的重负,还是放弃承诺专注“份内”之事?什么是警察的“份内”职责,什么是“份外”的?什么是“为人民服务”,“为人民服务”与个别化服务之间的关系如何?如何取舍群众的万能化期望与警察职业的专业化发展之间的矛盾?关于这些问题的道德争议,引发了警察职业伦理的困惑与两难。     

道德哲学概念阐释

道德哲学概念只有在道德概念出现之后才有可能.“道德”是在人的主观自由的精神原则的基础上通过对绝对的、权威的、直接的伦理习俗的反思而建立起来的不同于传统伦理习俗的“伦理”.这种“伦理”已经不是传统的未经反思的直接的“伦理”,而是取得了主观思维形式的新的“伦理”——“道德”.在本质上,道德的哲学本性在于它的反思建构性,与反思相结合的伦理就是道德.在西方道德哲学史上,苏格拉底道德哲学是第一个道德哲学形态.康德“道德形而上学”也是一种“道德哲学”形态,与前康德道德哲学形态不同,康德“道德形而上学”是先验纯粹的“道德哲学”形态.     

“初级化”伦理与“次级化”伦理——东西方社会伦理特性比较

不同的社会有不同的伦理,而儒家伦理与西方社会的伦理正好相对而立.传统中国社会由于将一切社会关系都建立在“五伦”基础上,主张基于血缘的“自然道德”,由此造就了儒家伦理属“初级化”伦理的属性.西方社会则将所有社会关系悉数中介化,主张“走出基于血缘而产生的自然道德”,因而形成了“次级化”的伦理属性.     

Together – apart: in touch in a time of separation

This paper explores the experience of working as a Jungian analyst through the various phases of the global COVID-19 pandemic, examining the importance of the physical containing space alongside the analyst’s internal mind and how technology can both help and hinder understanding. A number of clinical vignettes illustrate the challenge of communicating over a distance, paying particular attention to the way countertransference phenomena can become re-attuned. Reference is made to mythology and symbols of hope, and consideration given to the meaning and purpose of the pandemic.     

The Possibility of Meaning in Human Evolution

Science undermines the certitude of non-naturalistic answers to the question of whether human life has meaning. I explore whether evolution can provide a naturalistic basis for existential meaning. Using the work of philosopher Daniel Dennett and scientist Ursula Goodenough, I argue that evolution is the locus of the possibility of meaning because it has produced intentionality, the matrix of consciousness. I conclude that the question of the meaning of human life is an existentialist one: existential meaning is a product of the individual and collective tasks human beings undertake.     

When is it time to stop? When good enough becomes bad enough

This article draws on Winnicott’s concept of the good enough mother to discuss how to know whether a therapeutic situation is good enough to continue or bad enough to end. This dilemma is explored in terms of clinical syndromes, such as anorexia and pathological gambling, but focuses mainly on analyst-initiated endings, which are termed the ‘Casablanca dilemma’, based on an amplification of the ending of the film Casablanca. The author goes on to discuss such one-sided endings, drawing on interviews with 40 analysts and therapists about their clinical experience. A typology of bad enough endings is presented. The psychological differences between a good enough analysis as opposed to a bad enough one are explored through the ideas of Winnicott and Neumann.     

Phenotypic plasticity and archetype: a response to common objections to the biological theory of archetype and instinct

Since Jung’s death in 1961, scholars have attempted to integrate growing biological science data into Jungian concepts such as the collective unconscious, instincts and the archetypes. This enterprise has been challenging due to persistent false dichotomies of gene and environment occasionally arising. Recent works by Roesler (2022a, 2022b) for example, have raised objections to the biological theory of archetypes, but the objections are plagued by such dichotomies. The concept of phenotypic plasticity, however, helps to both avoid this problem as well as bridge the gap between competing theories into a more integrated model with solid biological foundations.     

Kann Es Ein Argument Für Den Skeptizismus Geben? Das Epistemische Problem Der Irrtumsmöglichkeit

Summary  Is there any argument for scepticism? The epistemic problem of the possibility of error. Arguments for scepticism rest on the assumption that knowledge claims are fallible. For this reason the concept of knowledge appears to be questionable. Since it is necessary to distinguish doubts from possible doubts, the arguments for scepticism appear to be unconvincing. If we take it into account that we know something that is immune to doubt, we should draw the conclusion that, contrary to scepticism, knowledge claims have to be compatible with being fallible. Thus any knowledge claim is capable of being doubted.     

The transcendent function in Spitteler’s Prometheus and Epimetheus

In August 2020, John Beebe and Steve Myers met via Zoom to discuss their differing interpretations of psychological typology and the different sources within Jung’s writings that influenced their books: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe), and Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). The discussion centred on Spitteler’s epic poem Prometheus und Epimetheus, which forms the basis of chapter V of Psychological Types. This is both the largest chapter and one of two chapters that Jung highlighted in the Argentine foreword as containing the essence of the book. Jung’s book is primarily about the transformation of personality rather than the categorization of people. Although it contains a critical psychology that deconstructs the nature of consciousness, that is only one half of the book and a stepping-stone to the other half, which is the reconciliation of opposites with particular emphasis on the relation of consciousness and the unconscious. Jung assumed that readers were already familiar with Prometheus und Epimetheus, an understanding of which sheds light on the nature of the transformation that Jung described – the development of a new attitude towards attitude itself.     

Chapter 6: Biblical Foundations for a Practical Theology of Aging

SUMMARY

This article reviews Biblical sources pertaining to the elderly, particularly the frail elderly. Founded on these sources, implications for elderly with Alzheimer's Disease and other forms of dementia are addressed through a personal perspective informed by writings of Christian mystics.     

Seeing in the Dark: A View into Dissociation and Healing

In this paper, I will explore the role of art-making, the experience of trauma and dissociation, and the process of working with self-states from an analytic and creative frame. Relevant literature on dissociation, trauma, and the use of art will be discussed. A case involving my work with an adolescent girl who had experienced sexual abuse from a family member will be shared, with an emphasis on the meaningful role images played during the therapeutic process. Both Jungian and psychoanalytic models of conceptualizing and working with dissociation are included, following Donald Kalsched’s (2013) recommendation for a “binocular stance” to treatment, including both a focus on the inner, intrapsychic world and the interpersonal, relational realm, and how art images both illuminated and expressed these realms. Within the therapeutic process, art images allowed the therapist a view into the client’s unconscious process, and created a meeting ground for dissociative barriers to be gradually seen, felt and known, by both therapist and client. The experience of dissociation, in images and in session, provided a reference point for myself and my client, Taylor, to develop a shared understanding and a framework for growth.