血管内皮生长因子与结直肠癌的研究

血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)是一高度特异作用于内皮细胞的糖蛋白,是目前发现的最重要的肿瘤血管生长因子之一.结直肠癌的生长、侵袭和转移与血管内皮生长因子有密切的关系,VEGF在结直肠癌治疗中的作用日益突出.本文就VEGF的功能、在结直肠癌中的表达和治疗的作用作一综述.     

血管内皮生长因子与结直肠癌的研究

血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）是一高度特异作用于内皮细胞的糖蛋白,是目前发现的最重要的肿瘤血管生长因子之一。结直肠癌的生长、侵袭和转移与血管内皮生长因子有密切的关系,VEGF在结直肠癌治疗中的作用日益突出。本文就VEGF的功能、在结直肠癌中的表达和治疗的作用作一综述。     

结肠癌组织中血管内皮生长因子-C表达与淋巴转移的关系

探讨结肠癌组织中血管内皮生长因子-C(VEGF-C)表达与淋巴管、血管生成及淋巴转移、临床病理参数之间的关系.结论为VEGF-C高表达而淋巴转移阴性的患者亦有很强的淋巴结转移倾向,甚至可能已发生淋巴结微转移.VEGF-C主要通过调控结肠癌组织中微淋巴管的生成而影响结肠癌的淋巴结转移.     

鼻咽癌组织VEGF、TNF-α及其受体VEGFR1、P55的表达及意义

观察鼻咽癌黏膜上皮中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)及受体血管生长因子1(VEGFR1),肿瘤坏死生长因子受体蛋白55(P55)的表达情况,探讨其在鼻咽癌发病及进展中的意义.我们应用免疫组化SP法检测60例鼻咽癌和60例正常鼻黏膜上皮组织VEGF、TNF-α及VEGFR1、P55表达情况,分析其在鼻咽癌组织中的表达变化及意义.结果显示鼻咽癌黏膜上皮的VEGF、TNF-α、VEGFR1、P55表达高于正常鼻黏膜上皮.因此VEGF、TNF-α及其受体VEGFR1、P55在鼻咽癌黏膜上皮中过度表达,可能参与鼻咽癌的发病及疾病进展,对于鼻咽癌的预防及治疗具有重要意义.     

细胞因子在糖尿病肾病中的研究进展

糖尿病肾病是糖尿病常见的并发症,其发病机制尚未完全明了.细胞因子可影响糖代谢障碍和血液循环.本文就细胞因子与糖尿病肾病发病关系密切的肿瘤坏死因子-α、肝细胞生长因子、转化生长因子-β、血管内皮生长因子、结缔组织生长因子、白细胞介素、内皮素和一氧化氮等因子的研究进展作一综述.     

晚期结直肠癌的分子靶向治疗

对于晚期结直肠癌(mCRC)的靶向治疗,目前正在研究和临床应用的主要有:(1)针对肿瘤细胞表面的表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)的药物;(2)针对血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)信号传导通路的药物;(3)针对受体酪氨酸激酶及其下游级联反应的药物;(4)免疫靶向治疗药物,例如PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂。但在我国经CFDA批准应用于临床的仅有抗EGFR的西妥昔单抗和抗VEGFR的贝伐单抗。怎么用好这两个靶向药物,让mCRC患者得到最合理、最有效的治疗,让患者生存时间尽可能延长且生活质量高。2016年ESMO共识指南,将患者的治疗按治疗目标来考虑,比较具有可操作性。肿瘤部位因为分子水平的差异,对靶向药物可能有选择倾向。免疫靶向药物的出现,它的作用特点,也许对我们的mCRC的治疗会是另外一种策略。     

细胞因子在糖尿病肾病中的研究进展

糖尿病肾病是糖尿病常见的并发症,其发病机制尚未完全明了。细胞因子可影响糖代谢障碍和血液循环。本文就细胞因子与糖尿病肾病发病关系密切的肿瘤坏死因子-α、肝细胞生长因子、转化生长因子-β、血管内皮生长因子、结缔组织生长因子、白细胞介素、内皮素和一氧化氮等因子的研究进展作一综述。     

CyclinD1、VEGF、Flt-1在肝细胞癌中的表达及临床意义

探讨肝细胞癌( Hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)、胆管癌、肝硬化及正常肝组织中周期素D1 (CyclinD1)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及血管内皮生长因子受体(Flt-1)蛋白表达的意义及其与肝癌生物学行为关系.对52例符合要求的HCC组织、10例胆管癌组织、10例肝硬化组织及10例正常肝组织采用免疫组化S-P法检测CyclinD1、VEGF及Flt-1蛋白.CyclinD1、VEGF及Flt-1在HCC的强阳性表达率分别为55.8％、55.8％及67.3％,均显著高于胆管癌、肝硬化及正常肝组织(P＜0.001).CyclinD1及VEGF表达与肿瘤包膜完整、血管侵犯及肿瘤分化程度明显有关(P＜0.05);Flt -1与肿瘤分化程度明显有关(P＜0.05).CyclinD1与VEGF间、CyclinD1与Flt-1间及VEGF与Flt-1间的蛋白表达均呈正相关(R=0.445,P＜0.01、R=0.368,P＜0.01、R=0.332,P＜0.01).CyclinD1、VEGF及Flt-1蛋白的过表达可促使肝癌细胞增殖,使肝癌细胞具有更强的侵袭力,与肝癌的发生、发展密切相关.     

脂质调控与糖尿病肾病关系的研究进展

糖尿病肾病(DKD)患者常伴有脂代谢紊乱。高糖诱导的过量甘油二脂(DAG)可激活蛋白激酶C(PKC),进而激活下游通路如血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、转化生长因子β1(TGFβ1)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物(PAI-1)、核转录因子(NF-κB)等,加速DKD的进展。同时,研究表明神经酰胺在DKD发病过程中起重要作用。而降脂药物在糖尿病肾脏疾病的效应引起了广泛关注,其保护机制可能与阻断PKC信号通路、减少脂质中间代谢产物神经酰胺生成有关。本文通过介绍脂代谢紊乱对DKD的影响以及降脂药物保护肾脏的潜在机制,阐述脂质调控与DKD之间的密切关联。     

抗血管生成靶向药物相关性高血压

高血压是抗血管生成靶向药物最常见的副作用之一,其机制和管理受到重视.本文就靶向药物导致高血压的机制进行了探讨,考虑可能与抗血管生成药物的作用靶点有关,即影响了血管内皮生长因子的功能所致;介绍临床如何进行高血压管理并建议在抗血管生成靶向药物使用过程中规范地监测、控制血压,开展相关研究.     

Together – apart: in touch in a time of separation

This paper explores the experience of working as a Jungian analyst through the various phases of the global COVID-19 pandemic, examining the importance of the physical containing space alongside the analyst’s internal mind and how technology can both help and hinder understanding. A number of clinical vignettes illustrate the challenge of communicating over a distance, paying particular attention to the way countertransference phenomena can become re-attuned. Reference is made to mythology and symbols of hope, and consideration given to the meaning and purpose of the pandemic.     

The Possibility of Meaning in Human Evolution

Science undermines the certitude of non-naturalistic answers to the question of whether human life has meaning. I explore whether evolution can provide a naturalistic basis for existential meaning. Using the work of philosopher Daniel Dennett and scientist Ursula Goodenough, I argue that evolution is the locus of the possibility of meaning because it has produced intentionality, the matrix of consciousness. I conclude that the question of the meaning of human life is an existentialist one: existential meaning is a product of the individual and collective tasks human beings undertake.     

Phenotypic plasticity and archetype: a response to common objections to the biological theory of archetype and instinct

Since Jung’s death in 1961, scholars have attempted to integrate growing biological science data into Jungian concepts such as the collective unconscious, instincts and the archetypes. This enterprise has been challenging due to persistent false dichotomies of gene and environment occasionally arising. Recent works by Roesler (2022a, 2022b) for example, have raised objections to the biological theory of archetypes, but the objections are plagued by such dichotomies. The concept of phenotypic plasticity, however, helps to both avoid this problem as well as bridge the gap between competing theories into a more integrated model with solid biological foundations.     

When is it time to stop? When good enough becomes bad enough

This article draws on Winnicott’s concept of the good enough mother to discuss how to know whether a therapeutic situation is good enough to continue or bad enough to end. This dilemma is explored in terms of clinical syndromes, such as anorexia and pathological gambling, but focuses mainly on analyst-initiated endings, which are termed the ‘Casablanca dilemma’, based on an amplification of the ending of the film Casablanca. The author goes on to discuss such one-sided endings, drawing on interviews with 40 analysts and therapists about their clinical experience. A typology of bad enough endings is presented. The psychological differences between a good enough analysis as opposed to a bad enough one are explored through the ideas of Winnicott and Neumann.     

Kann Es Ein Argument Für Den Skeptizismus Geben? Das Epistemische Problem Der Irrtumsmöglichkeit

Summary  Is there any argument for scepticism? The epistemic problem of the possibility of error. Arguments for scepticism rest on the assumption that knowledge claims are fallible. For this reason the concept of knowledge appears to be questionable. Since it is necessary to distinguish doubts from possible doubts, the arguments for scepticism appear to be unconvincing. If we take it into account that we know something that is immune to doubt, we should draw the conclusion that, contrary to scepticism, knowledge claims have to be compatible with being fallible. Thus any knowledge claim is capable of being doubted.     

The transcendent function in Spitteler’s Prometheus and Epimetheus

In August 2020, John Beebe and Steve Myers met via Zoom to discuss their differing interpretations of psychological typology and the different sources within Jung’s writings that influenced their books: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe), and Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). The discussion centred on Spitteler’s epic poem Prometheus und Epimetheus, which forms the basis of chapter V of Psychological Types. This is both the largest chapter and one of two chapters that Jung highlighted in the Argentine foreword as containing the essence of the book. Jung’s book is primarily about the transformation of personality rather than the categorization of people. Although it contains a critical psychology that deconstructs the nature of consciousness, that is only one half of the book and a stepping-stone to the other half, which is the reconciliation of opposites with particular emphasis on the relation of consciousness and the unconscious. Jung assumed that readers were already familiar with Prometheus und Epimetheus, an understanding of which sheds light on the nature of the transformation that Jung described – the development of a new attitude towards attitude itself.     

Chapter 6: Biblical Foundations for a Practical Theology of Aging

SUMMARY

This article reviews Biblical sources pertaining to the elderly, particularly the frail elderly. Founded on these sources, implications for elderly with Alzheimer's Disease and other forms of dementia are addressed through a personal perspective informed by writings of Christian mystics.     

Seeing in the Dark: A View into Dissociation and Healing

In this paper, I will explore the role of art-making, the experience of trauma and dissociation, and the process of working with self-states from an analytic and creative frame. Relevant literature on dissociation, trauma, and the use of art will be discussed. A case involving my work with an adolescent girl who had experienced sexual abuse from a family member will be shared, with an emphasis on the meaningful role images played during the therapeutic process. Both Jungian and psychoanalytic models of conceptualizing and working with dissociation are included, following Donald Kalsched’s (2013) recommendation for a “binocular stance” to treatment, including both a focus on the inner, intrapsychic world and the interpersonal, relational realm, and how art images both illuminated and expressed these realms. Within the therapeutic process, art images allowed the therapist a view into the client’s unconscious process, and created a meeting ground for dissociative barriers to be gradually seen, felt and known, by both therapist and client. The experience of dissociation, in images and in session, provided a reference point for myself and my client, Taylor, to develop a shared understanding and a framework for growth.