高等医学院校本科专业设置现状研究——基于13所高校的比较分析

对13所高等医学院校不同时期本科专业设置进行了比较分析,揭示了高等医学院校本科专业设置变化的特点,分析了存在的主要问题.在此基础上提出从四方面加以应对,即制订专业建设规划;保持医学特色,处理好医学类与非医学类专业之间的关系;改革教育财政拨款模式;完善专业设置与调整的相关机制.     

普通高等医学院校新增专业“热”的“冷”思考

在客观分析医学院校新增专业"热"之变化趋势的正面意义基础上,要冷静看待其负面影响。新增专业"大跃进",使医学院校专业设置与国际医学教育改革发展趋势相去愈来愈远;影响了学校科学定位,迷失了发展的方向;使学校失去了专业特色,淡化了医学教育使命;影响了学校整体办学水平的提高。     

医学院校专业设置变化的原因探析

医学院校的专业设置呈现出了从单科性到多科性再到综合性的变化状况.导致这一变化的外因是医学院校工具价值的体现及扩招的政策导向;内因是校际间的竞争、精英教育的高成本、专业的融合发展及培养高素质医学人才的需要等.医学院校的专业设置从医学专业延伸到医学相关及非医学专业,是符合高校的演进规律的.     

医学院校专业设置功利化倾向研究

扩招以来,医学院校新增专业大量增加,其增加量主要集中在投入相对较少的非医学学科门类,突显医学院校专业设置的功利化倾向,急功近利,追求大而全,脱离办学条件,淡化行业特色.这种发展趋势导致医学院校规模迅速扩大,基本办学条件不足,师资队伍结构失衡,教学基本建设滞后,医学教育发展受到冲击,毕业生竞争力不足.     

以医为主,以法为主,抑或医法并重——反思医学院校医事法学和卫生法学专业的定位

我国30多所医学院校对医事法学和卫生法学专业的定位主要有三类,其毕业生的知识结构和专业能力各不相同.该专业发展的困境是所培养的毕业生不及预期,出现"1+1<2",甚至"1+1<1"现象.反思专业定位,从社会需求、学科发展和学校建设角度看,医法结合,以法为主,不失为一种较好的定位.     

学校心理学在某些国家的发展与现状

本文就学校心理学这一学科在某些国家的发展与现状作了简要介绍。其内容有：学校心理学的发展历史;学校心理学的专业教育;学校心理学服务的对象和内容;学校心理学服务机构的设置;学校心理学家的组织管理;学校心理学所面临的主要问题;学校心理学问题的解决。     

医学生对人文社会科学的需求情况研究分析

1研究的对象与方法 1.1对象 选取医学院校1-5年级的临床医学、检验、影像专业的本科破生及护理专业的本、专科生,共352名在校学生为调查对象.     

英国辞世教育见闻

英国是现代临终关怀的发源地,经过多年努力,逐渐摸索出一套有效并广为借鉴和效仿的辞世教育方法.圣克里斯多夫宁养院主要通过“学校计划”对中、小学、医学院校学生进行教育培训,通过音乐会、图书馆和书店、临终事务联盟、预先照顾计划等多种形式进行公众教育,带动了整个英国的辞世教育.医学院校医学生的辞世教育是以当地的临终关怀专业机构作为教学的资源,教学方法多样,且切合临床实际,是医学生辞世教育的典范.     

医学研究生创造性动机与专业认同及人格的关系

通过问卷对吉林省医学院校研究生的创造性动机进行研究,结果表明,医学研究生的创造性动机和专业认同在性别、学位类型、专业性质方面的差异是由内在需要的差异所导致的;创造性动机中的内在动机和报酬与专业认同紧密相关,创造性动机与人格互为因果;人格中的开放性和外倾性在专业认同对创造性动机的影响过程中具有显著的调节作用.     

英国辞世教育见闻

英国是现代临终关怀的发源地,经过多年努力,逐渐摸索出一套有效并广为借鉴和效仿的辞世教育方法。圣克里斯多夫宁养院主要通过“学校计划”对中、小学、医学院校学生进行教育培训,通过音乐会、图书馆和书店、临终事务联盟、预先照顾计划等多种形式进行公众教育,带动了整个英国的辞世教育。医学院校医学生的辞世教育是以当地的临终关怀专业机构...     

Personality patterns of physicians in person-oriented and technique-oriented specialties

This study investigated differences in personality patterns between person-oriented and technique-oriented physicians. It tested an integrative framework by converting the scores on the Personality Research Form (PRF) to the Big-Five factors and built a predictive model of group membership in clinical specialty area. PRF scores from 238 physicians (153 person-oriented and 85 technique-oriented) were used for this retrospective study. Significant personality differences between group means existed for seven of the traits on the PRF and two Big-Five factors. Results of a stepwise discriminant analysis indicated that two PRF traits and one Big-Five factor had the greatest ability to discriminate between person-oriented and technique-oriented physicians. Findings of this study provide support for establishing personality profiles of physicians interested in person-oriented versus technique-oriented specialties. Examining personality differences among male and female physicians is discussed as an area for future research.     

十五年来心理测量学研究领域可视化研究——基于CITESPACE的分析

本文使用可视化分析软件Citespace Ⅱ对1998～2011年来Web of Science数据库中的心理测量学文献进行分析,对最有影响力的文献及其聚类进行了描述,发现十五年来心理测量学的知识基础包括IRT的算法与模型拓展、基于结构方程模型的构念效度、测验信度、项目功能差异、IRT的维度检验五个部分,并对其研究轨迹做了分析.     

Predictive validity of the medical specialty preference inventory

Medical schools can assist students by providing them with quality career counseling to help them choose a medical specialty. Many schools use interest inventories to help identify students’ specialty interests. This study examined the predictive validity of one such inventory, the Medical Specialty Preference Inventory (MSPI). In a longitudinal design, we used discriminant function analysis to examine how well students’ scores on the MSPI fit their chosen medical specialty one year later. The MSPI correctly predicted students’ future medical specialty choice 58.1% of the time. These results can help career advisors interpret MSPI scores, and identify students’ most likely medical specialty choice, as well as their second most likely choice.     

当代大学生专业承诺与学习风格的研究

本研究采用自编的《大学生专业承诺量表》和修订的《学习风格检测表》,调查和分析了福州地区673名大学生的专业承诺和学习风格。结果为：我国大学生的专业承诺水平不是很高,在性别、年级、专业、学校类型上差异显著;不同性别、年级、专业、学校类型的大学生的学习风格基本没有显著差异,这表明我国大学生基本没形成适合所学专业的学习风格。     

Counselling psychology in the United States

Counseling psychology (CP) emerged in the US as the result of the convergence of a number of trends in early applied psychology, a number of social factors, as well as changes in the organizational structure of the American Psychological Association. We offer an overview of the history of counseling psychology in the US, focusing on key events that have helped establish and shape the profession. Struggles over the definition of CP as a specialty and its relations with clinical psychology and professional counseling are discussed, as are matters related to the licensing of CP practitioners, and the profession’s relationships with counseling-related professional organizations. The educational and professional preparation of CPs, the profession’s core values that affect both training in and the practice of counseling psychology, and the settings in which CPs work are briefly described. We close with a discussion of several of the challenges facing CP as it is organized and institutionalized in the US.     

医院重点专科发展过程阶段论

讨论医院重点专科发展过程的阶段划分及特征,对于我们在重点专科建设中正确地把握方向、恰当地评估成效和有力地予以推进都有十分重大和现实的意义。本文把医院重点专科发展过程分为科室建设、学科建设、科学建设阶段,并从功能目标、效率效益、人才队伍、场地设施、技术设备、技术特色、教学培训、科学研究、文化氛围、能级水平十个方面对各阶段的特征进行归纳描述。三个阶段各具不同内涵特征,又存在相互内在关联,具有方向性、连续性、可加速性、交叉性和包涵性等规律。     

Psychological profile of Greek doctors: differences among five specialties

The aim of the present study was to explore the differences in the psychological profiles between genders and different specialties among Greek doctors. Five-thirty nine doctors in five different specialties, namely 115 general practitioners, 168 internists, 81 surgeons, 108 microbiologists and 67 anesthesiologists, participated in the study. 253 participants were specialized doctors and 286 participants were medical residents. The sample consisted of 280 women and 259 men. The mean age of the sample was 38.75(±7.98) years. A cross sectional survey study was conducted. Symptom Check List 90-Revised (SCL-90-R) was used to collect the data. Multivariate Analysis of Variance indicated the significant effect of specialty (Wilks’ Lambda = .20, p = .000), the effect of gender (Wilks’ Lambda = .90, p = .000) as well as their interaction (Wilks’ Lambda = .68, p = .000) on participants’ scores in SCL-90-R subscales. Internists reported high scores in 8 out of 9 subscales of SCL-90-R. Surgeons scored significantly higher compared to all other specialties in hostility(HS) subscale. Women reported statistically higher scores in almost all subscales of the SCL-90-R test compared to men, apart from HS (p = .191). Gender and specialty choice play role in the psychological profile of Greek doctors. Women and internists seem to be more prone to psychopathology. These findings should be taken into account in future studies and interventions.     

大学生的榜样偶像崇拜与专业学习的动机激发

偶像会对崇拜者的一生产生影响。大学生群体中依然存在偶像崇拜,通过对大学生偶像崇拜现状的分析,认为正确引导大学生选择其所学专业的“著名大师”作为自己的崇拜偶像和学习榜样,能激发兴趣,促进专业学习。还介绍了笔者在实践教学中总结归纳的一些经验。