左向右分流型先天性心脏病心力衰竭时神经内分泌失调及对策

左向右分流型先天性心脏病是引起小儿心力衰竭(心衰)主要病因之一.研究已证实神经内分泌紊乱与心衰之间有复杂的相关性.临床应用神经内分泌紊乱拮抗剂,如β-受体阻滞剂、洋地黄制剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)能降低此类患儿心衰的病死率.就此类型先心病出现心衰时神经内分泌紊乱现象及治疗对策的综述.     

左向右分流型先天性心脏病心力衰竭时神经内分泌失调及对策

左向右分流型先天性心脏病是引起小儿心力衰竭(心衰)主要病因之一。研究已证实神经内分泌紊乱与心衰之间有复杂的相关性。临床应用神经内分泌紊乱拮抗剂,如β-受体阻滞剂、洋地黄制剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)能降低此类患儿心衰的病死率。就此类型先心病出现心衰时神经内分泌紊乱现象及治疗对策的综述。     

超声心动图技术在心衰患者心脏再同步化治疗中的应用

心力衰竭患者普遍存在不同程度的心室内或心室间的不同步化运动.超声心动图可准确评估心脏机械不同步运动的部位、范围及程度.超声心动图在心脏再同步化治疗(CRT)患者筛选、预测和评价CRT疗效,CRT术后随访观察以及房室和室间间期的优化等方面具有重要临床意义.     

老年人房颤治疗方法的选择

老年人群房颤发病率高,缺血性脑卒中风险大,又是抗凝治疗导致出血的高危人群,因此要大胆地选择华法林抗凝治疗,并小心地严密监测INR值(1.6～2.5),严格控制其他出血危险因素.老年房颤心律失常的治疗重在个体化,重在改善症状,首选控制心室率;发作时血流动力学不稳定且药物不能满意地控制心室率时才选择复律治疗;症状明显而药物疗效欠佳患者可选择导管消融治疗.     

β受体阻滞剂是冠心病中的重要一线治疗药物

冠心病的治疗包括三个层面:血管重建治疗解决局部狭窄;改善生活方式是基础;全面合理的药物治疗是核心.而β受体阻滞剂又是重要的一线治疗药物,不仅能降低动脉粥样硬化及急性冠脉综合征的发生发展,还能有效预防、缓解心绞痛发生,改善梗死后左室重构和心功能;降低心肌再梗死率,降低心性猝死和病死率.临床上应用β受体阻滞剂的时机和剂量非常重要.     

ACC／AHA成人慢性心力衰竭诊疗指南的评解

美国心脏病学会／心脏学会（ACC／AHA）于2005年底对2001年的成人慢性心力衰竭（心衰）诊疗指南进行了更新。该指南不仅延用了过去的纽约心脏病学会（NYHA）心功能分级,而且采用了心脏病病程分期,对于准确估计心脏病程度、指导临床治疗和评估预后有重要的价值。该指南不仅进一步肯定了神经内分泌拮抗剂在心衰治疗中的地位,同时确立了器械治疗在心衰中的应用价值。     

β受体阻滞剂是冠心病中的重要一线治疗药物

冠心病的治疗包括三个层面：血管重建治疗解决局部狭窄;改善生活方式是基础;全面合理的药物治疗是核心。而β受体阻滞剂又是重要的一线治疗药物,不仅能降低动脉粥样硬化及急性冠脉综合征的发生发展,还能有效预防、缓解心绞痛发生,改善梗死后左室重构和心功能;降低心肌再梗死率,降低心性猝死和病死率。临床上应用β受体阻滞剂的时机和剂量非常重要。     

系统论视野下的心力衰竭与限钠利尿

综述心力衰竭时的神经、内分泌激活与血钠浓度的关系,血钠浓度在心力衰竭时的神经、内分泌的影响,并且运用系统论的观点重新认识心力衰竭与限钠利尿的关系,以便更好地处理这个治疗矛盾,打断心力衰竭发生发展的恶性循环,促使疾病向好的方向发展.同时,也为心力衰竭研究提出一种新思路和新的方法.     

论"似非而是"的治疗策略

临床上有的治疗策略看似抱薪救火 ,与治疗目的背道而驰 ,实则曲径通幽 ,与其他方法殊途同归 ,类似于所谓的“以毒攻毒” ,暂且称之为“似非而是”的治疗策略。深入探讨这些治疗策略的机制 ,可以发现它蕴含深厚的哲学基础。1　几种常见的“似非而是”的治疗策略1 1　抑制心功能的药物治疗慢性心功能不全 :β -受体阻滞剂是肾上腺素能 β -受体拮抗剂 ,可降低心率、抑制心脏收缩 ,从而减少心脏排血量 ,抑制心功能 ,因此曾经被视为心功能不全时的禁忌药物。其后首先在扩张型心肌病中发现 ,使用 β -受体阻滞剂尽管在短期内有可能加重心功能不全…     

从血流动力学到心血管重塑——对充血性心力衰竭的新认识及再思考

虽然近年来心血管疾病的治疗取得了长足进展 ,但心力衰竭的发病率并未明显降低。据统计充血性心力衰竭占西方社会 6 5岁以上人群的 3%～5 % ,75岁人群的 10 %。在美国 ,是导致 6 5岁以上老年人住院和反复住院的主要原因。一旦心力衰竭诊断成立 ,患者 5年生存率不足 5 0 % ,甚至低于普通肿瘤[1] 。因此心力衰竭的治疗历来是临床医学的重要课题。1　概念及机制心力衰竭是指各种原因导致心脏泵血功能减退 ,在有充分静脉血液回流的情况下 ,心排血量降低以至不能满足机体的代谢需要 ,或者以升高心室充盈压力为代价而增加心排血满足代谢需要的临床…     

In Treatment

This article deals with current representations of psychotherapy in movies and television and focuses on the recent TV series In Treatment. It is discussed if and how this and other TV series might contribute to a change in the public image of psychotherapy. This discussion is based on studies investigating the public image of psychotherapy and its image within the media as well as the potential to use movies and TV as a stage for psychotherapeutic processes. Among several TV series dealing with psychotherapy, In Treatment plays a special role because of its conception as an intimate play. The series is described and discussed in relation to the question how realistic psychotherapy is staged and whether the hero of the series ??Dr. Paul Weston?? can be used as a model in psychotherapeutic training.     

Treatment Acceptability

The present study assessed mothers' and fathers' acceptance of six interventions frequently used to alter children's problem behavior. This is the first study to assess fathers' perceptions of behavioral interventions for children. Positive reinforcement, response cost, medication, room timeout, chair timeout and spanking were rated by parents using the Treatment Evaluation Inventory (TEI). In addition, parents' perceptions of their children's behavior and own marital adjustment were measured using standardized checklists. Parents' acceptability ratings differed significantly across treatment conditions depending on parent gender, child behavior problems, and marital adjustment. Treatment preference order was equivalent for all groups.     

Mentalization-Based Treatment

The concept of mentalizing has captured the interest and imagination of an astonishing range of people—from psychoanalysts to neuroscientists, from child development researchers to geneticists, from existential philosophers to phenomenologists—all of whom seem to have found it useful. According to the Thompson Reuter maintained Web of Science, the use of the term in titles and abstracts of scientific papers increased from 10 to 2,750 between 1991 and 2011. Clinicians in particular have enthusiastically embraced the idea, and have put it to innovative use in their practices. Mentalization-based treatment (MBT)—making mentalizing a core focus of therapy—was initially developed for the treatment of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in routine clinical services delivered in group and individual modalities. Therapy with mentalizing as a central component is currently being developed for treatment of numerous groups, including people with antisocial personality disorder, substance abuse, eating disorders, and at-risk mothers with infants and children (A. Bateman & Fonagy, 2011). It is also being used with families and adolescents, in schools, and in managing social groups (Asen & Fonagy, 2011; Fonagy et al., 2009; Twemlow, Fonagy, & Sacco, 2005a Twemlow, S. W., Fonagy, P. and Sacco, F. C. 2005a. A developmental approach to mentalizing communities: I. A model for social change. Bull. Menninger Clin, 69(4): 265–281. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], 2005b). In this article, we focus on MBT in the treatment of BPD.     

医学与人文

人文精神就是尊重人的价值,就是对生命价值的尊重,对头脑价值的尊重,对灵魂价值的尊重.生命是神圣的,对生命应有一种敬畏感.尊重自己的生命,同时尊重他人的生命;医生以生命为工作对象,医生应当是具有人格尊严、灵魂高尚的人道主义者;现代医学非人性化的主要表现是医学技术化和医学的市场化.     

Substance Abuse Treatment Outcomes: Treatment Practice and Policy Implications

Treatment professionals, whether clinicians, scientists, or policy makers, are interested in developing methods to improve behavioral health treatment outcomes. Clinicians are interested in knowing what treatment practices to incorporate into the services they offer clients. Policymakers request guidance regarding which decisions are most likely to lead to effective treatment approaches and structures. Scientists are eager to contribute knowledge pertinent to building and evaluating effective treatment practices and policies. The papers in this special series provide information on substance abuse treatment practices andpresent findings relevant to clinical practice, policy decisions, and scientific inquiry. This paper provides a brief overview of the National Treatment Improvement Evaluation Study (NTIES) and briefly summarizes the other research papers included in this issue, all of which exemplify practice and policy issues in the substance abuse treatment field and bolster approaches applied to address these issues.     

Treatment of Assaultiveness

Summary

Assaultiveness and abusiveness have a psychology that must be addressed in therapy; they are not merely the product of “bad attitudes” or social roles, nor can they be narrowly defined as the robotic imitation of action. Perceptions and feelings about the world of intimate relationships both sustain and are sustained by abusive actions. These provide points of intervention for cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Given the tendency to shame easily, abusive men must not be confronted too quickly or too strongly. On the other hand, given their well-established denial system and tendency to minimize the consequences of their abusiveness, some confrontation must occur. Hence a “Zen” line of least resistance must be found between the opposites of acceptance and confrontation. Treatment outcome studies indicate moderate success for cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) for batterers. Treatment is less successful with men who have personality disorders, especially psychopathy.