组织社会化研究的整合：交互作用视角

组织社会化是个体由组织的外部成员转化为具有参与性和效益性内部人员的适应过程。当前组织社会化研究零碎、分裂,缺少统一理论做指导,亟须进行有效的整合。在论述整合的必要性的基础上,重点分析符号互动与组织社会化的关系,并建立组织社会化的交互作用模型,最后指出了模型的验证、细化及重视中介和调节变量等问题     

Unemployment and self-conception: A symbolic interactionist analysis

A symbolic interactionist analysis of the relationship between unemployment and self-conception was tested using a cross-sectional questionnaire design (n = 88). Job loss had significant negative associations with reflected appraisals (perceived evaluations) from friends, family, employers, unemployed people and people in general. Significant relationships between reflected appraisals and the evaluative, consistency and involvement dimensions of self-concept were also observed. Consistent with symbolic interactionist theory, path analysis showed that reflected appraisals mediated the relationship between employment status and self-conception. Unemployment duration and gender both moderated the effects of reflected appraisal upon self-conception such that reflected appraisals were associated with different self-concept dimensions for unemployed men versus unemployed women and ‘shorter’ versus ‘longer-term’ unemployed people. Results are discussed in the context of recent developments in the social psychology of the self-concept. Suggestions for future research are outlined.     

Personal and Situational Determinants of Personality Responses: A Partial Reanalysis and Reinterpretation of the Schmit et al. (1995) Data

Using generalizability theory, a partial reanalysis and reinterpretation of the Schmit et al. (1995) data was conducted with undergraduate students who were asked to respond to both noncontextualized and work-specific versions of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1989) either honestly (N = 100) or as if they were applying for a job (N = 100). Results indicated that the person variance was larger in the applicant compared to the general instructions condition, that the person × situation interaction accounted for significant variance across all scales included in the study (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness), that these person × situation effects were attenuated in the applicant instructions condition as compared to the general instructions condition, and that responses to the Neuroticism scale were most affected by this interaction. Implications for the use of personality constructs in personnel selection include a shift from concerns of faking to a concern for proper contextualization of personality measures with the goal of maximizing prediction of work-related behavior.     

Does Suppressing the Thought of a Self-Relevant Stigma Affect Interpersonal Interaction?

ABSTRACT

In the current study, we examined the effects of women's suppressing negative gender stereotypes while interacting with a male confederate. Compared with control participants, those who suppressed negative thoughts about women's ability experienced less self-confidence, lower self-esteem, and were more nonverbally submissive during the interaction, particularly if they were high in stigma consciousness (Pinel, 1999 Pinel, E. C. 1999. Stigma consciousness: The psychological legacy of social stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76: 114–128. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). These findings illustrate the negative intra- and interpersonal consequences of stigma suppression.     

Cognitive Behavioral Mobile Applications: Clinical Studies,Marketplace Overview,and Research Agenda

Objective

To review the current literature for evidence regarding the feasibility and efficacy of smartphone-based cognitive-behavioral intervention mobile applications, compare such to the number of applications on the commercial marketplaces, and explore potential steps forward for research in the field.

污名现象及其心理效应

污名本质上是一种消极的刻板印象,是社会对某些个体或群体贬低性的、侮辱性的标签,对被污名者有着深刻的影响。文章从三个方面对污名的相关研究做了简要的回顾。首先介绍了几种污名的相关定义;然后介绍了污名的心理效应,包括污名他人的功能,污名对群体和个体的影响,以及社会公众对污名的态度和应对过程;第三介绍了两个污名研究的主要领域：一个是污名群体知觉、应对歧视规律的污名歧视研究,另一个是可隐匿污名的相关研究,如隐匿污名的心理过程,隐匿的情绪反应以及揭示污名的心理意义等。最后,提出了未来研究的几点展望,可隐匿污名的相关研究,内隐社会认知研究和消除污名消极影响的干预研究     

Rhetoric,reasonableness and ethics: An essay on Perelman

The article deals with an interpretation of the work of Ch. Perelman. The author tries to determine the meaning of reasonableness in a hermeneutical and anthropological perspective. He then places the work of Perelman in the light of the theory of symbolic interactionism of G.H. Mead.     

How Can We Study Heroism? Integrating Persons,Situations and Communities

Heroism—an individual's commitment to a noble purpose, usually aimed at furthering the welfare of others, and involving the willingness to accept the consequences of achieving that purpose—has received little attention from political psychologists, even though a person is arguably as liable to act heroically as she is to act in a morally reprehensible manner. Specifically, important questions remain in how heroes can be identified beforehand and how such behavior can be successfully studied and promoted. We posit that recent work in genocide studies, positive psychology, personality psychology, ecological psychology, and moral psychology provides new and promising directions for better understanding heroic behavior. These developments can provide the tools for understanding the complex interplay of factors—including traits, situations, and communal beliefs—motivating heroic behavior.     

Book review

Touching: The Human Significance of Skin Ashley Montagu Third Edition. New York: Harper & Row, 1986. 494 pages. $18.95 hardback.

Females of the Species: Sex and Survival in the Animal Kingdom Betty Ann Kevles Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1986. 270 pages. $20.00 hardback.     

莫比乌斯综合征的社交障碍：互动主义解释

莫比乌斯综合征患者的面无表情会带来严重的社交障碍。以当代心灵哲学与认知科学视角讨论莫比乌斯综合征所面临的社交障碍及原因。从互动主义两种类型假设给予解释：强互动主义和温和互动主义。强互动主义强调身体的动作耦合是与他人连接的关键,患者由于表情和动作障碍导致社会互动障碍。温和互动主义则认为高层次认知过程可能会通过其他方式来弥补表情和动作障碍的缺失,即通过不同的感官通道（听觉、触觉等）从另一种非视觉的身体耦合处理中受益。建议为患者寻找多元化的社交互动模式,有助于莫比乌斯综合征患者更好地完成社会适应。