Paul Tillich and Psychoanalysis

Paul Tillich (1886–1965) was one of the leading theologians of the twentieth century. Tillich was born in Germany and received his education and first academic appointments there. Tillich left Germany in 1933 to teach at Union Theological Seminary after having been dismissed from his university position by the National Socialist government for his radical views and political associations. In the United States, he became a highly successful lecturer, preacher, and public intellectual who reached numbers of persons who had departed or who had doubts regarding traditional religious belief and practice. Tillich underwent a series of traumatic losses in the early decades of his life that powerfully shaped his subsequent contributions to religious and cultural discourse. This essay outlines this pattern of loss and speculates about its impact upon his theological work. It lifts up Tillich’s perspective of living and working “on the boundary” of disciplines, eras, and cultures, most particularly where psychoanalytic ideas contributed to his “theology of culture.” It also stresses Tillich’s role in initiating the ongoing dialogue between religion and psychiatry and psychoanalysis. The essay concludes with a summary critique of Tillich’s work along with an affirmation of his considerable legacy. This essay was originally a presentation for the Richardson Research Seminar in the History of Psychiatry at Weill Cornell Medical College.     

Christology as a Function of Epistemology: A Bibliographic Study in the Theology of Paul Tillich

ABSTRACT

Paul Tillich is widely regarded as one of the theological giants of twentieth-century theology, and yet, according to Russell Re Manning, remains perhaps the most neglected great theologian of recent times (Re Manning, 2009 Reijnen, Anne Marie, “Tillich's Christology.” In: The Cambridge Companion to Paul Tillich, Russell Re Manning (ed). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009, pp. 56–73.[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]). This study, based on Tillich's three-volume Systematic Theology (1967) describes Tillich's epistemology and discusses its effect upon his Christology, specifically with a view towards the concept “the uniqueness of Christ.” The article concludes with bibliographic annotations on Tillich's life.     

The Relevance of Tillich for the Theology and Science Dialogue

This paper explores the relevance of the theology of Paul Tillich for the contemporary dialogue with the natural sciences. The focus is on his Systematic Theology , volume I. First I discuss the general relevance of Tillich's methodology (namely, the method of correlation) for that dialogue, stressing that a genuine dialogue requires cognitive input from both sides and that both sides find "value added" according to their own criteria (or what I call the method of "mutual creative interaction"). Then I move specifically to a Tillichian theological analysis of twentieth-century theoretical science and its empirical discoveries, including Big Bang, inflationary, and quantum cosmologies, quantum physics, thermodynamics, chaos and complexity, and molecular and evolutionary biology, suggesting how they relate to such Tillichian themes as finitude and the categories of being and knowing (time, space, causality, and substance) and to Tillich's understanding of such symbols as God, freedom and destiny, creation, and estrangement. In doing so, my intention is to provide a point of departure for further extended analyses of Tillich's theology in relation to contemporary natural science.     

Paul Tillich and Pitirim A. Sorokin on Love

An analysis of Paul Tillich's three‐volume Systematic Theology and Pitirim A. Sorokin's The Ways and Power of Love: Types, Factors, and Techniques of Moral Transformation reveals how a metaphysical dialogue on God and love contributes to scientific and theological scholarship on altruism. This article focuses on similarities and differences in Tillich and Sorokin. Similarities include a belief in the importance of the ontological/love connection and the conclusion that a special state, ecstasy, is integral to the experience of genuine love. Differences serve to complement rather than negate. For example, Tillich's recognition that ecstatic connections with the divine within finitude are fragmentary balances Sorokin's view that these ecstatic peaks are reached only by the few. The similarities give resonance and point to the overall creation, while the differences often serve as counterpoint to balance the ideas of the scientist and the theologian.     

Latino/a Theology: Doing Theology Latinamente

Latino/a Theology is rising among theologians of Latin American descent in the United States. This article describes five characteristics: 1) it is specific to the cultural context of marginalized Hispanic history; 2) it focuses on the theme of mestizaje/mulatez, the biological and cultural mixing of European Spanish with Africans and indigenous Americans; 3) it derives from popular religion; 4) it deals with everyday life, lo cotidiano; 5) like liberation theology, it emphasizes praxis.     

The Religious Meaning of Culture: Paul Tillich and Beyond

Throughout his theological career Paul Tillich (1886–1965) was fundamentally concerned with the question of the religious meaning of culture. The answers that he gave – initially in the revolutionary ferment of 1920s–1930s Germany and then again in the brave new world of post‐World War II America – were profound and far‐reaching in their importance for twentieth‐century theology. This article will explore the development of Tillich's interpretations of the religious meaning of culture and apply his analyses to our contemporary religious and cultural situation by suggesting a trinitarian enlargement of Tillich's concept of theonomous metaphysics towards a multidimensional theology of culture.     

Saint Paul School of Theology

Summary

Saint Paul School of Theology has an endowed program in aging studies. Aging materials have been integrated into the curriculum of both the M.Div. and D.Min. degrees. The program is headed by a tenured and trained gerontologist.     

On Christ and Healing: Eiesland,Tillich, and Disability Theology

Abstract : The existentialist interpretation of the biblical texts offered by Protestant theologian Paul Tillich is deeply problematic in its treatment of disability, especially mental illness. Theologian Nancy Eiesland argues against a conflation of sin and illness, and proposes the symbol of the disabled God as a source for a liberation theology of disability. Reading the biblical texts existentially, as Tillich suggests, can advance Eiesland's Christology, while her critique of Christian teaching on disability offers a correction for Tillich.     

保罗神学中的恩典与律法

保罗的反对者的共同特征是:上帝在耶稣基督里使人得救的恩典本身是非自足的,必须在这恩典之外增添上人遵守的律法作为、接受世上的智慧与知识,否则,人就不可能获得完全的救赎。基于这种背景,在保罗神学中,他关于恩典与律法的关系,是他讨论社会正义的基础。他否定了所有犹太教形式中两个共同的柱石:以色列的神选和对于摩西律法的忠诚,将上帝的拣选范围扩大为包括外邦人在内的教会,用因信称义取代以律法称义。基督教正是在这两个方面而区别于犹太教。因信称义的教义落实到个人身上,保罗认为肉身与圣灵是对立的,他进而把人分为两类:一类按肉体生活,另一类按精神生活,认为存在着自然的人和精神的人,未皈依的人和皈依了的人,堕落了的人和得救的人,尘世之子和上帝之子。第一类人源出于亚当,第二类人来自于基督,提出旧人与新人的观念。     

保罗神学的语言观与时间观

保罗神学,第一是指大数人保罗对耶稣基督的上帝的认信和理性反思形成的教义体系和行为规范,即以基督的十字架福音为内容,主要体现在真实的七封书信中:《罗马书》、《哥林多前书》、《哥林多后书》、《加拉太书》、《腓立比书》、《帖撒罗尼迦前书》、《腓利门书》;第二是指在保罗周围的部分门徒(如路加、马可、提摩太、推基古等,提后4:11-12)在独立信仰耶稣基督后,同时赞同保罗所认信的信仰体系和行为规范而形成的神学。因此,我们把保罗书信视为一个整体来对待,其中也包括“伪保罗书信”。后者,至少是对保罗个人的信仰体系的部分认同,否则,就不可能选择保罗之名作为“伪托”的主体。保罗书信在语言观上突显出十字架的结构布局与问答逻辑;在时间观上,突出时间之未来与过去的张力,即从未来到过去和从过去到未来之间的平衡。