诺丁斯的关怀伦理学与关怀教育思想

诺丁斯是关怀伦理学和关怀教育理论的代表人物。关怀伦理学是关怀教育思想的基础。它主张学校要以关心学生为首要任务 ,以培养学生成为关怀的人为目标 ,围绕不同的关怀中心组织了一套课程 ,并提出了实际工作中的重点。因此关怀教育思想可以视为关怀伦理学在学校教育中的应用。     

临床病理诊断工作中的人文关怀

随着现代医学模式的转化,在临床病理诊断工作中应该更注重人文精神的培养和哲学思维的运用。主要表现为以下几个问题服务意识的树立、诊断技术的抉择、沟通艺术的驾驭、温馨环境的营造、诊断因素的认识、桥梁身份的把握。     

临床病理诊断工作中的人文关怀

随着现代医学模式的转化,在临床病理诊断工作中应该更注重人文精神的培养和哲学思维的运用.主要表现为以下几个问题:服务意识的树立、诊断技术的抉择、沟通艺术的驾驭、温馨环境的营造、诊断因素的认识、桥梁身份的把握.     

Medical Student Elegies: The Poetics of Caring

This paper examines three medical student poems about death to explore how medical students use poetry to understand their encounters with dying patients and to discuss how these poems function as elegies in the context of medical culture.     

Caring and Exploitation

It is not wholly clear the extern to which Nel Nodding intends her ethic of caring to be an ethic that stands on its own in competition with others described by ethical theories. I argue that, given this ambiguity, Nodding' ethic of caring is a dangerous ethic because it can abet exploitation. I consider Noddings'responses to this criticism and conclude that the relational ontology of the ethic cannot rescue it from the charges of abetting exploitation.     

Caring and Violence

I reply to Laura Duhan Kaplan that I do not suggest women's political choices concerning pacifism are determined by biology. Although I contend the practice of mothering does not imply a pacifist commitment, this does not imply that the practice of mothering is inconsistent with such a commitment. Further, because the practice of mothering is not limited to women, even if it is inconsistent with pacifist commitment, this does not limit choices based on biology.     

Caring and Evil

Nel Noddings, in Caring: A Feminine Approach to Ethics and Moral Education (1984), presents and develops an ethic of care as an alternative to an ethic that treats justice as a bask concept. I argue that this care ethic is unable to give an adequate account of ethical relationships between strangers and that it is also in danger of valorizing relationships in which carers are seriously abused.     

Caring and incapacity

This essay seeks to explain a morally important class of psychological incapacity—the class of what Bernard Williams has called “incapacities of character.” I argue for two main claims: (1) Caring is the underlying psychological disposition that gives rise to incapacities of character. (2) In competent, rational adults, caring is, in part, a cognitive and deliberative disposition. Caring is a mental state which disposes an agent to believe certain considerations to be good reasons for deliberation and action. And caring is a mental state which structures an agent’s practical deliberation, by establishing presumptive boundaries on the landscape of possibilities over which her deliberative imagination ranges. Incapacities of character are a consequence of the structure which these presumptive boundaries give to an agent’s deliberation.     

Caring and Internality

In his work on internality, identification, and caring, Harry Frankfurt attempts to delineate the organization of agency peculiar to human beings, while avoiding the traditional overintellectualized emphasis on the human capacity to reason about action. The focal point of Frankfurt's alternative picture is our capacity to make our own motivation the object of reflection. Building upon the observation that marginal agents (such as young children and Alzheimer's patients) are capable of caring, I show that neither caring nor internality need to depend on the phenomena of reflectiveness. I develop alternative interlocking accounts of caring and internality that are independent of both reflectiveness and evaluation, but that can still do justice to the central role of carings in the organization of agency characteristic of human persons.     

Subjectivism about Future Reasons or The Guise of Caring *

According to Parfit one of the main weaknesses of subjectivism is its inability to account for our intuition that future reasons have present authority. Parfit is only partly right about the contours of our intuition however he does have a point: sometimes our future reasons do have authority in current deliberation. Subjectivists who grappled with his challenge have organized themselves along two battle lines: those who think that only current desires are fundamental sources of reasons and those who think that future desires are also fundamental sources of reasons. I belong to the first camp but I believe that focusing on the question of fundamentality obscures the real issue. The key to addressing Parfit's challenge is to shift our focus to a different question. We should ask ourselves what are the best policies to adopt towards our future reasons. Using resources developed by Bratman and Raz, and building on the insight that we often fail to recognize our true current concerns, I argue that we are sometimes justified in thinking of, and therefore treating, our future reasons as having present authority.     

The Development and Manifestation of Altruistic Caring: A Qualitative Inquiry

Qualitative, phenomenological research provides rich information about the constructive, life span perspectives of the manifestation and development of altruism. Using an interpretive phenomenological approach, this study investigated altruism as described by 34 older persons in a continuing care retirement community. The findings identified 13 overarching, common, emergent themes related to this construct. Implications are provided for helping professionals.     

老年肿瘤患者家属的教育和关怀

中国已进入老龄化社会,老年肿瘤患者家属的心理健康状况不容乐观,我们在关注肿瘤患者的同时,也同样应该关注患者的家属,应该积极采取措施对患者家属进行健康教育和心理干预.