On Endomorphisms of Ockham Algebras with Pseudocomplementation

A pO-algebra ${(L; f, \, ^{\star})}$ is an algebra in which (L; f) is an Ockham algebra, ${(L; \, ^{\star})}$ is a p-algebra, and the unary operations f and ${^{\star}}$ commute. Here we consider the endomorphism monoid of such an algebra. If ${(L; f, \, ^{\star})}$ is a subdirectly irreducible pK _1,1- algebra then every endomorphism ${\vartheta}$ is a monomorphism or ${\vartheta^3 = \vartheta}$ . When L is finite the endomorphism monoid of L is regular, and we determine precisely when it is a Clifford monoid.     

强纲领的力量

本文是对劳丹的《一种科学的伪科学？》的回应。作者首先以实例论证了对科学的社会特征特别强调的合理性,进而从三个方面回答了劳丹的批评：作者重申,他并不反对哲学家从未持有的论题,但反对让逻辑、合理性和真理就是它们自己的解释的方法;作者批评劳丹转换了对合理性的定义,而他所提出的对称性的反例,仅在把它解释成要求对明显不同的行为作出同一的因果说明时（但这并非作者的意思）才成立。解释理性行为之社会根源的模型已经有了,只不过哲学家们对传统著作缺乏清醒的认识,这就是他们的失败所在。     

The Finite Model Property for Logics with the Tangle Modality

The tangle modality is a propositional connective that extends basic modal logic to a language that is expressively equivalent over certain classes of finite frames to the bisimulation-invariant fragments of both first-order and monadic second-order logic. This paper axiomatises several logics with tangle, including some that have the universal modality, and shows that they have the finite model property for Kripke frame semantics. The logics are specified by a variety of conditions on their validating frames, including local and global connectedness properties. Some of the results have been used to obtain completeness theorems for interpretations of tangled modal logics in topological spaces.     

Theories with the Independence Property

A first-order theory T{{\mathcal T}} has the Independence Property provided T   \vdash (Q)(FT F₁ ú. . .úF_n){{{\mathcal T} \, \, \vdash (Q)(\Phi \Rightarrow {\Phi_1} \vee.\,.\,.\vee {\Phi_n})}} implies T   \vdash (Q)(FT F_i){{{\mathcal T} \, \, \vdash (Q)(\Phi \Rightarrow {\Phi_i})}} for some i whenever F,F₁, . . . ,F_n{{\Phi,\Phi_1,\,.\,.\,.\,,\Phi_n}} are formulae of a suitable type and (Q) is any quantifier sequence. Variants of this property have been noticed for some time in logic programming and in linear programming.     

On Definability of the Equality in Classes of Algebras with an Equivalence Relation

We present a finitary regularly algebraizable logic not finitely equivalential, for every similarity type. We associate to each of these logics a class of algebras with an equivalence relation, with the property that in this class, the identity is atomatically definable but not finitely atomatically definable. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Stumbling along in the Countertransference: Following Up Enactments with Balanced Therapeutic Interpretations

In the course of a psychoanalytic treatment, many clinical situations create countertransference pulls or invitations to participate in enactments of various degrees. In these projective identification-based transferences, the patient is often successful in drawing the analyst into archaic object relational patterns of acting out. During these moments, the analyst must struggle to find a way to stay therapeutically balanced. The urge to rush to judgment with punitive, seductive, rejecting, controlling, or manipulative comments rationalized as interpretations must be managed. If these unavoidable countertransference enactments are managed and studied, they can provide useful information about the patient's internal struggles and can show the way to making more helpful and more therapeutic interpretations. Case material is used for illustration.     

The Superiorities of Form M of the Strong Vocational Interest Blank

Form M of the Strong Vocational Interest Blank was suppressed. For it was substituted the Strong-Campbell, which retained only the item format and one part of the logic of the original. Whereas Strong structured his test around 11 job families emerging from Thurstone's factor analysis, the Strong-Campbell uses concepts derived from Holland's armchair view. Some occupational scales have been lost and some added. Consistently with sexual politics, each scale is now scored twice. Old goring services' franchises have been ended, new ones let, the most consequential move being the cancelling of the only service that gave same-day scoring. The dropping of scales for executive jobs has severely lowered the occupational level at which counselors can work. The loss of the job families has reduced predictive range. Feedback sessions are less fertile, perhaps because they take place fortnight after the test. Separate studies showed that Form M predicted well for 14 and 40 years into the future. The power of its substitute remains to be seen.     

社会主义核心价值体系的基本属性

尽管学界对社会主义核心价值体系的内涵、理论框架等进行了富有成果的讨论,但对于社会主义核心价值体系的基本属性仍然存在模糊认识.社会主义核心价值体系的基本属性应体现在三个方面:普遍性与民族性、单元性与复合性、保护性与扩展性.即社会主义核心价值体系应具有普遍价值理念,民族精神的精华,道德单元构成,道德单元与道德意识、实践的复合,保护性"硬核",自我完善与不断创新等属性.     

The Entailment Problem and the Subset Account of Property Realization

Proponents of the subset account of property realization commonly make the assumption that the summing of properties entails the summing of their forward-looking causal features. This paper seeks to establish that this assumption is false. Moreover, it aims to demonstrate that without this assumption the fact that the subset account captures an entailment relation—which it must if it is to be of any use to non-reductive physicalism—becomes questionable.     

The Variety of Lattice Effect Algebras Generated by MV-algebras and the Horizontal Sum of Two 3-element Chains

It has been recently shown [4] that the lattice effect algebras can be treated as a subvariety of the variety of so-called basic algebras. The open problem whether all subdirectly irreducible distributive lattice effect algebras are just subdirectly irreducible MV-chains and the horizontal sum of two 3-element chains is in the paper transferred into a more tractable one. We prove that modulo distributive lattice effect algebras, the variety generated by MV-algebras and is definable by three simple identities and the problem now is to check if these identities are satisfied by all distributive lattice effect algebras or not. Presented by Daniele Mundici