论"仁内义外"

“仁内义外”是战国时期思想家们讨论的一个重要问题。根据《孟子》中的记载,告子曾经有过这样的主张。《告子上》云: 告子曰:食色,性也。仁,内也,非外也;义,外也,非内也。此外,《管子》和《墨子》中也有与此相关的线索。前者见于《戒》篇,其说法是: 仁从中出,义从外作。表面上看来,与告子的主张是近似的。①后者见于《经下》:     

"人工美女"意味着什么--浅析"人工美女"效应

"人工美女"的产生是社会进步、思想开放的结果,也是市场经济发展结果.一方面,社会进步、思想开放,给予美容受术者以足够的尊重和理解,使他们有了选择不同生活方式的自由,敢于公开"露脸";另一方面,市场经济的发展使她们愿意公开"露脸".而商家为谋取经济利益,打着"人工美女"的旗号,刻意进行商业炒作,将伤及广大消费者,危及美容外科行业.我们应以科学的态度、实事求是的精神予以坚决抵制,倡导在追求形体美和容貌美的同时,注重心灵美的培养,营造出一种真、善、美的社会环境.     

On "On what there is"

All sides in the recent debates over the Quine-Putnam Indispensability thesis presuppose Quine's criterion for determining what a discourse is ontologically committed to. I subject the criterion to scrutiny, especially in regard to the available competitor-criteria, asking what means of evaluation there are for comparing alternative criteria against each other. Finding none, the paper concludes that ontological questions, in a certain sense , are philosophically indeterminate.     

"This is Simply What I Do"

Wittgenstein's discussion of rule‐following is widely regarded to have identified what Kripke called “the most radical and original sceptical problem that philosophy has seen to date”. But does it? This paper examines the problem in the light of Charles Peirce's distinctive scientific hierarchy. Peirce identifies a phenomenological inquiry which is prior to both logic and metaphysics, whose role is to identify the most fundamental philosophical categories. His third category, particularly salient in this context. pertains to general predication. Rule‐following scepticism, the paper suggests, results from running together two questions: “How is it that I can project rules?”, and, “What is it for a given usage of a rule to be right?”. In Peircean terms the former question, concerning the irreducibility of general predication (to singular reference), must be answered in phenomenology, while the latter, concerning the difference between true and false predication, is answered in logic. A failure to appreciate this distinction, it is argued, has led philosophers to focus exclusively on Wittgenstein's famous public account of rule‐following rightness, thus overlooking a private, phenomenological dimension to Wittgenstein's remarks on following a rule which gives the lie to Kripke's reading of him as a sceptic.     

There is more to anger coping than "in" or "out"

There is growing dissatisfaction with a dichotomized "anger-in" versus "anger-out" view of anger coping. Three studies using student and community adultsamples revealed a broader understanding of the nature of anger coping styles and led to the development of the new Behavioral Anger Response Questionnaire (BARQ). The BARQ is empirically derived and factorially validated and has good psychometrics. Results suggest that dichotomizing anger responses as "in" versus "out" is too coarse and that a 6-factor model may be more appropriate. The 6 factors identified here are Direct Anger-Out, Assertion, Support-Seeking, Diffusion, Avoidance, and Rumination. Women reported use of a wider range of anger coping styles, especially more social support-seeking and more use of anger diffusion strategies than men.     

Strong reciprocity is not uncommon in the "wild"

Guala is right to draw attention to the difficulty of extrapolating from the experimental evidence for weak or strong reciprocity to what is observed in the "wild." However, there may be more strong reciprocity in real-world communities than he allows for, as strikingly illustrated in the example of the Mafia.     

Prenatal diagnosis for "minor" genetic abnormalities is ethical

Is it justified to detect minor genetic aberrations before birth and terminate pregnancies based upon such information? We present the case of a woman who wanted Prenatal Diagnosis (PND) to detect whether her female fetus was a Haemophilia mutation carrier. Such carriers are usually healthy. She wished to eradicate the Haemophilia mutation from her family to avoid future generations being affected and to protect her children from having to go through PND themselves. We explore existing guidelines, public attitudes and possible objections to providing PND for minor abnormalities. We argue that in a society where couples have considerable autonomy relating to decisions about the fetus at least until viability, the routine restriction of PND for minor genetic abnormalities would be an unjust infringement of individual liberty.     

Not Every "Tabular" Predicate Logic is Finitely Axiomatizable

An example of finite tree Mo is presented such that its predicate logic (i.e. the intermediate predicate logic characterized by the class of all predicate Kripke frames based on Mo) is not finitely axiomatizable. Hence it is shown that the predicate analogue of de Jongh - McKay - Hosoi's theorem on the finite axiomatizability of every finite intermediate propositional logic is not true.     

The "consciousness problem" is not the problem.

Although the concept of consciousness is not necessary for the behavioral scientist, it is closely related to a number of psychological concepts that are generally believed to be necessary. Consciousness may be defined as the very short-term memory of a just-completed perceptual act. It may thus be understood as a psychological consequence of psychological antecedents. The question of how brain processes result in consciousness is a misleading one and should be replaced by questions concerning the relationships between the brain and perception, memory, and the other psychological processes that precede consciousness.     

"三个代表":道德建设的时代指南

"三个代表"重要思想的丰富内容包含了新世纪中国社会主义道德建设的系统观念和基本方略,其先进文化观科学地确立了社会主义道德建设的发展目标,其人民利益观深刻地诠释了社会主义道德建设的价值归宿,其创新实践观具体地设定了社会主义道德建设的实施程序,从而为新世纪社会主义新型道德体系的建立和完善提供了科学指南.     

"时间就是金钱"一语寻源

“时间就是金钱”一语,当第一次被写在深圳街头之时,对我们中国人来说不啻是一次潮流的冲击。然而,在这个赤裸的时间与金钱的等式中,的确蕴含着一种强烈的效率意识,此话已被人们所认同。据史证,此话缘自被誉为“最有智慧的美国人”——本杰明·富兰克林。     

"做人"是一种德性——兼论个体道德的起点

我们必须超越时"做人"的常识化理解,从更加具有普遍意义的关系视阚而非日常私人交往领域来重新审视"做人","做人"是一种德性,内含着人的本质性规定.同样,对"做人"的评价、对"好人"的认定也要超出日常的私人交往领域,为"做好人"确立一个相对客观的标准和宽松的环境.在市场经济条件下和民主社会公共交往扩大的背景下,按照新的"做人"观念学会做人应成为个体道德建构的起点.