心理学名词审定工作总结

我国第一本规范《心理学名词》(心理学名词审定委员会,2001),经全国科技名词审定委员会(1985年成立时原称全国自然科学名词审定委员会,1997年8月改为现名;以下简称全国名词委)组织全国150余名心理学专家审定,已由科学出版社出版。该书公布了经全国名词委审定的心理学基本名词2973条,按“基础心理学”和“应用心理学”两大类编排。前分普通心理学和实验心理学、心理统计心理测量与量表、心理学史、生理心理学、发展心理学、社会心理学等6个分支,共有2039个名词：后分教育心理学、医学心理学、工业心理学、法制心理学、运动心理学和其它等6个分支,共有934个名词。部分名词有简明的定义或注释。正之后附有英汉和汉英两种索引,以便读检索。这批名词是科研、教学、生产、经营、心理学临床或社会服务、新闻出版等部门应遵照使用的心理学规范词。     

国外本土心理学研究进展

首先指出本土心理学产生的思想基础是后现代主义思潮和多元文化的理念,其直接的推动力是来自于心理学内部对严格的行为主义的局限的批判和对具有文化契合性的心理学的倡导以及心理学应用方面的需要;其次,阐明了本土心理学与心理学本土化涵义上的区别和本土心理学4种主要研究模式;最后,对本土心理学的积极作用和存在的问题进行了评述。.     

逻辑经验主义与心理学哲学

逻辑经验主义对实验心理学的关注并非只是由于其结果的作用或其态度上的相似性,而且由于(或许是更为重要的)对澄清其概念的共同需要。逻辑经验主义对物理概念的分析是一种哲学成就的范式,而他们在心理学中同样的分析工作也被看做是规范科学的疑难解决方案。在这种范式的背后隐藏着统一科学的哲学理想。围绕经验问题,逻辑经验主义与心理学之间在20世纪30年代出现了大量互动;正是根据这个问题,以及在逻辑经验主义对统一科学的强调的关联中,我们才能很好地理解逻辑经验主义的心理学哲学及其对心理学的影响。以卡尔纳普、费格尔和托曼为最初代表,他们提出完全不同的处理方式,把心理学看做经验科学,就可以得到其他科学同样具有的主体间性,因此,这就使得逻辑经验主义获得了它希望得到的地位。     

心理学质性研究：历史、现状和展望

心理学质性研究具有漫长的过去,却只有短暂的历史。心理学自诞生起就具有质性研究传统,但被主流所忽视。从组织机构、出版渠道和研究成果方面看,当前国内外心理学质性研究的发展态势暗示质性研究传统正在回归到主流当中。尽管仍存在误解和急功近利等众多问题和困难需要克服,但是心理学质性研究方法在研究复杂心理现象和产生新的概念、新的理论方面展现了潜力。心理学质性研究的复兴正使心理学处于一个多元化转向的阶段。     

从跨文化心理学到文化建构主义心理学——心理学中文化意识的衍变

心理学中的文化意识在跨文化心理学、文化心理学、文化建构主义心理学中经历了3次重大衍变。跨文化心理学视文化为心理规律的干扰因素,认为理论研究应力求“去文化”;文化心理学认为心理是文化的“投射”,寻求理论的“文化敏感”;文化建构主义心理学则认为心理与文化是相互灌注、相互建构的关系,因而更加关注“心理”、“意义”与“现实”的双向建构过程。本文详细分析了上述几种不同的文化意识形态的主要特点,并结合历史背景,对其各自的意义、问题做了简要讨论。     

文化心理学与本土心理学的合流趋势浅析

文化心理学与本土心理学是当前心理学中文化转向大潮中的两个耀眼的新星。理论界在两者的关系上有三种倾向：文化心理学是本土心理学的一种特例;本土心理学是文化心理学研究的一部分;两者属于类似的研究。本文通过分析两者在对文化的态度、研究范式及方法取向、关于研究者与被研究者等方面的相似性与共通性,试图说明这两者所显示出的合流趋势,是殊途同归的两支心理学支流。     

本土心理学特征论析

本土心理学作为一种研究取向,具有五个基本特征：取向人文性;文化契合性;范式多样性;内含普适性;心理学研究独立化和自由化的表现。其中文化契合性是主导特征。     

跨文化心理学的新动向

跨文化心理学是建立在心理的跨文化比较方法之上的、探求群体心理行为差异与相似的一门学科。它发端于本世纪初,形成于七十年代。近二十年来获得了长足的发展,被认为代表了心理学未来的主要方向之一。一、跨文化心理学的现代概念跨文化心理学有一个有代表性的最新定义,是在1989年由加拿大皇后大学 Berry 教授等人提出的:“跨文化心理学研究各种文化和民族群体     

后现代景观下的心理学

本文考察了论述心理学目前正面临的一深刻的变革,即从实证主义方法论以对支配地位的现代化心理学向强调理论和方法之多元性的后现代心理学的转变。     

面向未来的理论心理学

理论应当是任何学科体系中的重要组成部分,是一个学科的基础。相应的,理论心理学也应当是心理学的基础和重要组成部分。然而在当下,心理学对于理论心理学缺乏重视,在这其中既有来自外部的原因也有来自理论心理学本身的问题。但总而言之,无论具体是何种原因,实际上都对理论心理学提出了更深层次的要求,即着眼当下,放眼未来。理论心理学对于当下的介入主要从两个方面展开:一是实时接收当代各思想话语的影响,用以武装整个心理学科并回应各思想话语提出的问题; 二是对当下心理学中的各具体问题进行理论层面的讨论,发现问题,指出问题并尝试解决问题。理论心理学要想在未来心理学的发展中大放异彩首先应当保持对当下的介入,只有这样才能凸显自身的价值与意义,并且为整个心理学的发展发光发热。     

Psychology and the soul

Otto Rank (1884–1939) wrote the present work at the height of his creative powers, betweenWill Therapy andArt and Artist. Here he presents a sweeping history of psychology—individual and social—from the animistic era to psychoanalysis. An earlier translation (by William D. Turner, 1950) was incomplete and somewhat inaccurate. Unlike Sigmund Freud, his mentor, Rank viewed religion with respect and clarifies its role in individual and communal life through this study of soul-belief through the ages. The book contains important insights on immortality, will, dreams, Judaism and Christianity, Hamlet and Don Juan, Jung and Adler, and Freud himself. (Translated by Gregory C. Richter and E. James Lieberman) Ph.D., is Associate Professor in the Division of Language and Literature, Truman State University, Kirksville, Missouri. He translated Otto Rank'sThe Incest Theme in Literature and Legend (1912), Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991. E. James Lieberman, M.D., author ofActs of Will: The Life and Work of Otto Rank (1985), is Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, George Washington University School of Medicine. This excert from the book of the same title by Otto Rank is printed with the permission of the publisher, The Johns Hopkins University Press, for which we are grateful.     

Indigenous and Cultural Psychology: Understanding People in Context

There is growing recognition that psychological theories and principles developed in the West may not accurately reflect those found in other cultures. The newly published book entitled Indigenous and Cultural Psychology: Understanding People in Context has made an important contribution in expanding the scope of psychology. The contributing authors depicted their ultimate goal of developing a universal psychology. The purpose of this article is to review the book from a transpersonal psychology perspective with the hope of facilitating this process. Basing our thoughts on the theoretical framework of perennial psychology and positive psychology, we will suggest practical steps through which future psychologists may work collaboratively to bring about global moral transformation that is crucial to the survival of our planet.     

Jesus, Historians, and the Psychology of Historiography: A Response to My Respondents

It is remarkable to me that my book became a part of the SBL Dissertation Series. For this I thank Walter Wink who brought the work to the attention of, Wayne Rollins. And I am thankful to Wayne Rollins for bringing the book to the attention of the right people at the SBL, most particularly Rex D. Matthews and Mark Allan Powell. I am grateful to Mark Allan Powell for promoting the process of publication so we would have a book in hand at the Psychology and Biblical Studies book review session, now over two years ago. I am very appreciative of Lewis Rambo, editor of this journal, and J. Harold Ellens, special editor of this issue, for making possible the continued discussion of these ideas.     

服部宇之吉的《心理学讲义》

日本学者服部宇之吉的《心理学讲义》（中文版）形成于他自1902年在中国京师大学堂开始的心理学教学活动,出版于1905年11月。该书在日本发行而在中国发售,它是面向中国学生的心理学教材。服部宇之吉将中国传统文化融入了科学心理学教材,肯定了中国传统文化的心理学意义。《心理学讲义》具有明显的进化论取向以及为教育服务的倾向。服部宇之吉的心理学教学是现代科学心理学在中国高等教育体系中传播的开端。《心理学讲义》是以知、情、意三分法为基础的心理学体系。中国早期心理学术语与日本心理学中的同形汉字有着紧密联系,服部宇之吉直接采用日本心理学界通用的术语以解决汉语心理学术语的创制困难。     

Psychological Epistemology: Epistemological Psychology

In his 2010 book Being Human: Human Being, Rue Cromwell developed some key ideas for reforming psychology. These include resolving the conundrum of subject, object, and consciousness in science; sorting through the tangles of meaning in superficially similar but fundamentally different epistemologies; and reversing conflation of cultural, social, and economic values with those of science. This discussion applies those ideas to some particulars of clinical psychology, psychopathology and the treatment and rehabilitation of severe and disabling mental illness.     

《易经》的心理思想及其历史影响

通过对《易经》中“心”、“思”范畴的探讨,了解其中心理思想的概貌。并通过对《观》卦爻辞的分析,较为深入地认识《易经》在认知过程、思维层次的探索方面所做出的贡献,以及对先秦诸子所产生的较大的影响,从而证明《易经》为中国辩证逻辑思维之源。     

Exploring Cultural Psychology: Introduction to a Book Forum on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Towards Cultural Psychology of Religion: Principles,Approaches, Applications</Emphasis> by Jacob A. Belzen

This article introduces a book forum on Jacob A. Belzen’s book Towards Cultural Psychology of Religion: Principles, Approaches, Applications. The introduction discusses the relatively recent “turn to culture” and how it has affected the field of psychology of religion and the variety of concerns examined by the journal Pastoral Psychology.     

Behavioral Laws in Histories of Psychology: Psychological Science,Metascience, and the Psychology of Science

Histories of psychology frequently include statements that explicitly or implicitly express behavioral laws. Usually these "meta-historical generalizations" provide "covering laws" for explanatory accounts, contextual frames, or paradoxical con- trasts. These abstract propositions come from many sources, vary immensely in scientfic validity, and are found in several psychological publications besides histories, including book reviews, obituaries, journal articles, monographs, and trade books. Not only could the authors of these nomothetic claims make better use of empirical results in the metasciences, but these assertions themselves offer an inventory of valuable hypotheses that should inspire future research in the behavioral sciences and especially in the psychology of science.     

Maria Rickers-Ovsiankina: a Russian expatriate in America. A review of Rorschach Psychology

This article is a review and reassessment of Rorschach Psychology, edited by Maria Rickers-Ovsiankina. The various chapters in the book are written with an attempt to tie Rorschach conceptualization to academic psychology and to various theoretical approaches. A wide range of theories are considered, including a gestalt psychology approach, an experiential-phenomenological approach, and several psychodynamic approaches (e.g., Freudian and Jungian theory). In addition, information is included about Rickers-Ovsiankina's early life and background, and the contents of many of the individual chapters are described and evaluated.     

Stoic Warriors and Stoic Torturers: The Moral Psychology of Military Torture

Abstract

Nancy Sherman’s book Stoic Warriors provides an interesting reflection on how a modified version of the ancient teachings of stoicism may be applicable to the concerns and needs of the modern military. In the course of her book, she explains different aspects of the Stoic teachings, such as the importance of outward comportment and control of the emotions, and discusses how they might be relevant to the modern military. In this paper I will focus on her discussion of Abu Ghraib and other atrocities such as the My Lai massacre in the Vietnam War. I argue that her analysis of the contributing factors that lead to those abuses demonstrates a lack of understanding of how systematic atrocities come to occur and how military torturers are trained. In this paper I show that systematic torture arises not only out of unrestrained rage and hatred, but through a training process that builds on many of the features of basic military training and, ironically, incorporates many of the techniques of self-control and detachment that are characteristic of stoicism.