论科教三师

在道教斋酸科仪编撰文上，刘宋的陆修静，唐代的张万福、杜光庭，是编撰斋醮科仪的重要人物，被誉为科教三师。本文探讨科教三师的主要成就，对科教三师在道教斋醮科仪编撰史上的贡献，作了较为深入的评述分析。指出斋醮科仪经典的逐渐丰富，科仪格式的日渐完备，是道教科仪思想渐趋成熟的标志。     

早期天师道斋法的美学研究

关于道教斋醮,学术界和道教界已在思想和仪轨方面研究得较为深入.如柳存仁的论文<五代到南宋时的道教斋醮>考察了斋醮的历史和特点. 陈耀庭的研究论文:<上海道教斋醮和"进表"科仪概述>、<论"先天斛食济炼幽科"仪的历史发展及其社会思想内容>、<论道教仪式的结构--要素及其组合>,系统地提出了在仪式研究中的结构分析和层次分析的研究方法,在学术上取得了突破性进展.     

论道教的上章仪式

上章是向三天太上呈送章文的仪式,章文是模仿世俗公文格式书写的仪式文书。上章作为早期正一道主要的祀神仪式,在东汉张陵、张衡、张鲁时期颇为流行。论文详细考察正一上章与道教经法制度的关系,正一上章仪式在社会上的影响,指出早期正一上章为上清派、灵宝派所汲取,正一上章已融入灵宝斋法和正一醮仪之中。传统科仪史认为道教斋醮的灵宝斋法始于三国时期的葛玄,论文从斋醮科仪史的宏观视野考察分析早期正一上章的内涵与功能,认为道教斋醮科仪的源头应追溯至东汉张陵创教时期。     

天人合一 道教舞蹈的思想意蕴

正道教舞蹈源自道教的斋醮科仪,融会了民间舞蹈元素,以"道法自然"的审美意趣,艺术化地呈现了道教"天人合一"的思想理念,强调客观与主观、自然与人、身与心的统一。一道教舞蹈是伴随着各类道教斋醮法事活动而发展、形成的舞蹈艺术形式。上古的巫祝祭祀活动是道教斋醮科仪的最早渊源,早在夏代就有巫史之官。"巫",就是"能事无形、以舞降神者也。"(《说文解字》)因此,这也可以说是道教舞蹈的最早渊源。北魏高道寇谦之作《云中音诵新科之城》,     

天心正法与两宋道教的斋醮之变

本文以天心正法为中心,指出两宋是道教斋醮法术的转变时期.天心正法作为两宋之际新出的符策派,其产生以及发展都与两宋道教"斋醮之变"的整体趋势紧密相连."恪守古法"与"随俗行事"是道教仪式文化在两宋之际呈现出多维度发展的表现.两宋之后的道教法术日益呈现出"内修外法"或曰"内丹外符"的倾向;道教驱邪法术与度亡科仪的结合也越发紧密;斋醮法术因地域而异,因派而异的多元化格局日趋显著.     

早期正一道的上章济度思想

早期正一道主要的斋醮仪式是上章。作者通过对早期正一道上章与三官手书的探讨,认为五斗米道的三官手书就是上章的文书。并从道教斋醮科仪思想的角度,对正一章文的济度思想进行分析,指出斋醮济度思想源于正一道的上章。     

澳门的道教科仪

道教科仪是进行道教仪式的规矩和程序,“科”可解作动作,在《说文》中科有程、条、本及品等仪,在《玉篇》中科亦作程,故“科”即程式。“仪”为典章制度的礼节程式、法式、礼式和仪式等。在《道藏》中将科仪分为四大类①:戒律(戒条、律文、授及传戒等)、威仪(斋醮、坛仪及法服等)、赞颂(经颂及诗歌)及表奏(榜文及奏疏等)。当中威仪、赞颂及表奏是道教斋醮仪式内容的骨干,包括了道教徒“做道场”的经典、规矩、程式和奏疏,所以也称为“道场科仪”或“斋醮科仪”。举行道场科仪是传统祭祀行为,同时,由於信众对於神仙崇拜和法事活动十分推崇,不…     

道教斋醮史上的青词

道教的祭祀仪式习称为斋醮,有关斋醮的一系列法事内容称为科仪。青词是斋醮仪式中献给天神的奏告文书,是道教科仪常用的祭祀词文。青词是表达斋主心意的祭祀文书,有用青纸朱书敬献神灵的仪格,其颜色蕴涵着宗教象征意义。道教关于青词的撰写及投送,有青词式、青词关等科法规定,青词是道教神仙信仰的文学化表达,它蕴涵着道教的济度之“道”。     

道教斋醮科仪与民俗信仰

本文运用史籍、道经、笔记、小说、方志的有关资料,对道教斋醮科仪与民俗信仰的关系进行了纵向的考察,侧重探讨了民间岁时节令中的斋醮习俗,道教神仙节日的斋醮活动。认为道教在民间频繁的斋醮活动,是道教与民俗信仰结合的重要途径。道教斋醮与民俗信仰结合的根本原因,在于斋醮能够满足民众的心理需要。     

论杜光庭对道教斋醮科仪的发展与贡献

唐末五代时期著名的“道门领袖”杜光庭一生撰写并整理了十多种、近二百卷有关道教斋醮科仪著作,被后人誉为道教斋醮科仪的集大成者。本文认为,杜光庭在整理各种斋醮科仪的基础上,对“自然朝”的提倡、对道场戒律的重视、对谢恩醮的设立、对“斋”的意义的阐发、对斋官职司的具体规定、对表奏上章的文饰等,为推动道教斋醮科仪的发展做出了重要的贡献。     

Seeing and hearing and space and space and time

A previous experiment had shown spatial location to be judged in terms of the framework provided by the modality in which stimuli were presented. In the present study, digits were either auditorally or visually presented, and in either form the three digits appeared successivly to the left, in the center, and to the right of the S. The digit which occurred temporally in the middle of the sequence was never central from the spatial viewpoint. The S was asked to indicate which digit was the middle one. Ss were blind, deaf, or normal. The deaf and two control groups saw visual displays, and the blind and their controls heard auditory displays. The former groups predominantly chose the spatially middle digit and the latter groups the temporally middle. It was concluded that modality of presentation was the trigger which switched in the coding dimension of time or space.     

Bob and Carol and Tess and Ali

Conflicting religious experiences in different traditions do not necessarily defeat the rationality of conflicting beliefs sustained by those experiences in those traditions. The circularity that protects religious beliefs from such mutual defeat is not vicious. Moreover, the lack of ‘epistemological humility’ exhibited by such believers poses no threat to world peace. In fact, a campaign for compulsory humility would itself constitute a much greater threat.     

Law and Gospel,and Youth and Family Ministry

Abstract : If “faith comes through hearing” the word of God comprised in law and gospel, how do the imperatives that characterize ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ make such hearing possible? Here, literature delineating ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ is analyzed in light of its biblical foundations. The primary lens implemented in this analysis is the law/gospel hermeneutic advocated by Martin Luther and other reformers.     

Extremes of self-esteem and narcissism and the experience and expression of anger and aggression

This study examined the level of self-esteem and narcissism as personality variables involved in the disposition to experience and express anger. Three hundred thirty-eight subjects were sampled across two higher education centres and one student teaching programme in the United Kingdom. It was reasoned that individuals with both high self-esteem and narcissism would report especially high tendencies to experience and express anger and aggression and that those with high self-esteem and low narcissism would report the lowest. These predictions were influenced by theories that emphasise the role of threats to high self-esteem in the production of aggression and violence. Results indicate that groups defined by their extreme scores on self-esteem and narcissism scales produced levels of anger expression in the predicted direction. The importance of considering extreme levels of self-esteem and narcissism (in conjunction with other factors) in an analysis of anger is discussed with reference to currently influential theories in the field. Aggr. Behav. 24:421–438, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Dance and psychotherapy--possibilities and limits

From a starting point of therapeutic and prophylactic components identifiable in the dance, the authors regard the dance as deserving of greater attention than was hitherto the case in programs of physiotherapy, psychotherapy, and sociotherapy. From the existing essays at a therapy basing on body and motion, they infer basic common points, and to promote discussion, they state their attitudes in respect of the potential and rank of the dance in the concept of complex multimodal psychotherapy.     

Yin and Yang,and the Hot and the Cold

Yin and Yang are important concepts in ancient Chinese philosophy.Western scholars have become more familiar with these two concepts recently,but for a long time almost no one considered comparing them with their own tradition such as the ancient Greek philosophy,and especially with the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Presocratic philosophy.In this paper,I make an attempt to do exactly that,and especially make a detailed comparison between the thoughts of two ancient thinkers:Laozi and Anaximander.I discuss the thought of Yin and Yang in Laozi-who was the earliest philosopher making use of the concepts Yin and Yang-to express his cosmological thought in ancient Chinese philosophy.Comparatively,I discuss the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Anaximander,the earlier among Presocratic philosophers referring to the Hot and the Cold as fundamental concepts used to establish his cosmological system.Through this comparison,I indicate that the similarity between ancient Chinese and Western traditions is far more significant than what people are used to imagining.     

Perversion and infancy and adolescence

Abstract

Studying the works of Freud and Lacan, the authors carried out research on perversion in childhood. Their work covered the perverse polymorphism of infantile sexuality and the perception of the anatomic difference between the sexes that leads the child to create sexual theories and fantasies. The phallic mother and the fetish are viewed as imaginary solutions directly related to the Oedipus and castration complexes. In perversion, a particular position is taken in relation to the Oedipus complex: a serious flaw occurs in the symbolization of the law, and the mechanisms of denial and disavowal take form. Sexuality requires a second “logical time,” separated from infancy by the latency period, in order to confirm (in action) that a fixed position of jouissance (enjoyment) has actually been established. This can only happen in a period after adolescent enhancement. The distinction between perverse traces and a perverse structure is made, taking into account the fact that, in the case of child analysis, the analyst should free the child from the family fantasy and help him/her to build his/her own fantasy.

Campos Santoro V. et al. Perversion und Kindheit und Adoleszenz.

Im Studium der Arbeiten von Freud und Lacan haben die Autoren Forschung über Perversion in der Kindheit gemacht. Die Studien behandeln den perversen Polymorphismus der infantilen Sexualität und die Wahrnehmung des anatomischen Unterschiedes zwischen den Geschlechtern, welche das Kind dazu führt, Sexual-Theorien und Phatasien zu schaffen.

Die phallische Mutter und der Fetisch werden als imaginäre Lösungen angesehen, die sich direkt auf den Ödipus- und Kastrations-Komplex beziehen. Bei der Perversion wird eine besondere Position in Bezug auf den Ödipus angenommen; ein ernsthafter Mangel tritt bei der Symbolisierung des Rechts auf; die Mechanismen der Verneinung und der Verleugnung bilden sich. Sexualität erfordert eine zweite “logische Zeit”, von der Kindheit durch die Latenz Periode getrennt, um (in der Handlung) zu bestätigen, daß eine fixierte Position der jouissance (Vergnügung) sich tatsächlich etabliert hat. Das kann sich nur in einer Periode nach der adoleszenten Verstärkung ereignen.

Es wird die Unterscheidung zwischen perversen Spuren und einer perversen Struktur gemacht, in Rechnung stellend, daß im Fall der Kinder-Analyse der Analytiker das Kind von der Familien-Phantasie befreien sollte und ihm/ihr helfen sollte, seine/ihre Phantasie auszubilden.

Campos Santoro V. Perversión e infancia y adolescencia.

Estudiando los trabajos de Freud y Lacan, los autores han investigado la perversión en la niñez. Los estudios cubren la sexualidad infantil perversa polimorfa y la percepción de la diferencia anatómica entre los sexos, que llevan al niño a crear teorías sexuales y fantasías.

La madre fálica y el fetiche son vistos como soluciones imaginarias relacionadas directamente con el complejo de Edipo y de castración. La perversión, toma una posición particular en relación al Edipo; un fallo importante tiene lugar en la simbolización de la ley; los mecanismos de negación y repudio toman forma. La sexualidad requiere un segundo “tiempo lógico” separado de la infancia por el periodo de latencia, para confirmar (en acto) que una posición fija de jouissance (goce) se ha establecido. Esto solo puede ocurrir en un periodo posterior a la intensificación adolescente.

La distinción entre las huellas perversas y la estructura perversa se ha hecho, teniendo en cuenta que, en el caso del análisis de niños, el analista debe librar al niño de la fantasía familiar y ayudar a el/ella a construir su propia fantasía.     

神圣、凡俗与净明、忠孝

本文结合有关宗教学理论,对宋元净明道所推崇的"净明"、"忠孝"概念进行了解析.作者以为:宋元净明道视世俗性的道德实践为"神圣"的宗教修炼,实与宗教学中的凡俗可以"转换"为神圣之理论相合;而净明道徒的这种"转换",则多与其个体的"宗教体验"有关.至于元代净明道借"无极"概念来释"净明",以"净明"为回复宇宙根源之境界,则合于宗教人经验到与万物的根源、终极的本体或神圣的世界契合之感.换言之,宋元净明道的"净明"、"忠孝"说,实与各种宗教的本质有着相通之处.