反义寡核苷酸药物的产生,现状及未来

反义寡核苷酸药物的产生、现状及未来第四军医大学唐都医院传染科（西安７１００３８）连建奇周永兴郭照江反义寡核苷酸药物是随着现代分子生物学发展而诞生的一类新型药物，其基本作用机理是通过封闭基因的表达达到治疗疾病的目的。由于反义药物比传统药物具有高的多的...     

从生态自然观看细菌的耐药

伴随抗菌药物强大的抗感染疗效的同时,细菌等病原体对抗菌药物的耐药性问题日渐显露出来.运用生态自然观辨证地对细菌进行剖析,旨在突破传统思维认识细菌耐药性产生本质,从而更加有效,更加科学地控制细菌耐药的发生.     

肝癌基因治疗的发展趋势及其思考

1　肝癌基因治疗的策略按作用机制的不同 ,肝癌的基因治疗可分为反义基因治疗、抗癌基因治疗、免疫基因治疗及药物基因治疗。1 1　肝癌的反义基因治疗反义基因治疗 ,就是利用反义核酸与其靶基因或基因产物互补形成一种特殊的“基因封条”结构 ,从而在转录或翻译水平阻断某些异常基因的表达 ,使细胞正常分化或促进细胞凋亡 ,以达到治疗肿瘤的目的。反义核酸所针对的靶点可以是在肿瘤发生中起关键作用的一种或几种癌基因、失活的抗癌基因、自分泌生长因子及其受体基因等。反义核酸可连接到特定的载体上 (如逆转录病毒、质粒等 ) ,或人工合成后…     

从生态自然观看细菌的耐药

伴随抗菌药物强大的抗感染疗效的同时,细菌等病原体对抗菌药物的耐药性问题日渐显露出来。运用生态自然观辨证地对细菌进行剖析,旨在突破传统思维认识细菌耐药性产生本质,从而更加有效,更加科学地控制细菌耐药的发生。     

血液肿瘤的基因治疗及伦理学问题

基因治疗是一种新的有希望的抗肿瘤治疗方法.本文首先简述基因治疗发展史,然后介绍目前尝试性用于血液系统肿瘤的反义核酸疗法、抑癌基因疗法、自杀基因疗法以及过继性免疫疗法等基因治疗方法,进一步阐述基因治疗在血液系统肿瘤患者中应用存在的伦理学问题.     

细菌耐药性的产生及预防对策

细菌耐药性的产生是当今医学界所普遍面临的严重问题,危害着人类的健康和生存.通过透析细菌耐药的根源和机制,使人们认清细菌耐药性问题的实质,为制定出合理使用抗菌药物的原则和预防细菌耐药性的措施提供一些理论依据.     

从反义技术到反基因技术：基因治疗的新突破

脱氧寡核苷酸或肽核酸可与基因双链DNA内的特定序列结合形成三逻DNA,三链DNA结构的形成可以抑制靶基因的转录。三链DNA在治疗肿瘤和病毒感染,降低耐药性,抑制免疫等方面都可以有广泛的应用,三链DNA的提出和发现为基因治疗提供了一个新的方向。     

细菌耐药性对抗策略——中药延缓、逆转细菌耐药性,治疗耐药细菌感染的研究

细菌耐药性和耐药菌感染是医学界面临的一大难题,目前几乎所有的抗菌药物,均出现了耐药菌株.细菌耐药性既是细菌在有害环境中生存的自身防卫体系,更与抗菌药物的医疗与非医疗应用直接相关.中药的抗感染作用历经上千年临床循证,确实有效.近年来的研究表明,中药不仅有抗菌作用,而且还具有延缓、消除细菌耐性的作用.     

细菌耐药性及其防控中的理性思考

细菌对抗菌药物产生耐药性是自然界的普遍规律.抗菌药物的应用和研发与细菌耐药机制的发展互为因果且相互促进,细菌对抗菌药物的耐药性已对感染性疾病的治疗构成严重威胁.理性认识细菌耐药性产生的机制,并在其防控中进行理性思考是提高感染性疾病治愈率的根本所在.     

血液肿瘤的基因治疗及伦理学问题

基因治疗是一种新的有希望的抗肿瘤治疗方法。本文首先简述基因治疗发展史,然后介绍目前尝试性用于血液系统肿瘤的反义核酸疗法、抑癌基因疗法、自杀基因疗法以及过继性免疫疗法等基因治疗方法,进一步阐述基因治疗在血液系统肿瘤患者中应用存在的伦理学问题。     

血红素氧合酶-1与动脉粥样硬化和高血压的关系

血红素氧合酶-1（HO-1）是血红素分解的起始酶和限速酶,它分解血红素最终生成胆红素、一氧化碳和铁.这三种产物通过抗炎症损伤、抗氧化应激、抗细胞增殖、抗细胞凋亡、抑制血小板聚集、调节血管张力及细胞内信号传递等途径对心血管系统起着重要的保护作用.研究显示,HO的诱导剂及多种能降低心血管病风险的药物能诱导 HO-1表达增加,从而起到抗动脉粥样硬化的发生发展及调节血压的作用.因此开发临床可应用的HO诱导剂,甚至开发HO的基因治疗方法是目前研究的方向.     

铜绿假单胞菌I类整合子及耐药基因分析

铜绿假单胞菌是临床上重要的院内感染菌,对多种抗生素耐药。整合子是能捕获并整合外源耐药基因盒,并使之表达的DNA元件。通过整合子水平转移的方式极大地加速了耐药基因在同种及不同种属之间的传播,造成细菌的耐药以至多重耐药问题日益严重。     

抗菌药物合理应用的宏观和微观问题

抗菌药物不合理应用现象长期得不到纠正,细菌耐药稳步攀升,正引起医学界、社会和政府的高度关注。本文就宏观上的抗菌药物使用政策与微观上的临床用药两方面存在的问题进行探讨。介绍了国际上关于抗菌药物政策的研究以及抗菌药物合理使用的新观点（尽早开始经验性治疗、“降阶梯”治疗策略、运用抗菌药物PK／PD原理指导临床用药、短程治疗）。主张调整宏观抗生素策略,去除该政策单纯、片面限制使用和应用药敏实验结果指导临床用药绝对化的做法。吸纳国际上的新成果,强化监管力度,更多采用教育和技术手段。     

关于血管内皮细胞生长因子基因治疗

血管内皮细胞生长因子具有强大的促血管新生的作用,基因治疗可以明显地促进缺血组织的血管新生,治疗作用明显。但如果局部表达浓度过高,则会形成血管瘤组织。同时这也为血管瘤的研究提供了很好的动物模型。     

Breakdown or Breakthrough? A History of European Research into Drugs and Creativity

ABSTRACT Language barriers have largely prevented American scholars from learning about European studies concerning drugs and creativity. An art historian reports on several Swiss, English, French and German studies conducted from the 1940s to the 1970s, offering new data in a research area that has been banned since drugs like mescalin, psilocybin, and LSD became illegal. Different views of the operations of these drugs, revealed by such terms as “hallucinogens,” “psychotogenics,” and “psychedelics,” appear to have colored researchers' aims to a large extent. The notions of drugs “dictating” or “liberating” the intoxicated artist are criticized by discussing the importance of set and setting. It is proposed that intentional drug use among artists expecting artistic breakthroughs while intoxicated, can be seen as a form of “gaucherie” or disinhibiting technique.     

The process of enabling change: a study of therapist interventions in family therapy

We describe the application of discursive analysis to the task of researching family therapy process. Through the analysis of a central theme in two family therapy treatments, we found that individual family members move to using a wider range of discourses on the central theme by the end of therapy. Using the example of one family's therapy sessions, we examine how the therapist contributes to the new meanings and views that emerge, and present our analysis of the therapists' interventions in relation to the 'production' of these alternative meanings. It is argued that discourse analysis can fruitfully be applied to family therapy process research and could contribute to theoretical concepts of change and therapeutic competence.     

Wie kann man in der Sozialtherapie Therapieerfolg feststellen oder messen?

The tradition of social therapeutic evaluation research in Germany is as old as the institution of social therapy itself. Social therapeutic facilities constitute the royal road to correctional treatment in the German prison system providing an integrated approach for offender treatment by means of psychotherapy (mainly cognitive-behavioral), vocational and job training, social work and leisure time therapy embedded in a therapeutic community. It was generally expected that evaluation research would prove the effectiveness of this method and generate results for the advancement of offender treatment. However, research results have yielded only moderate findings concerning the effects of social therapeutic interventions. This article considers how the outcome of social therapy and offender treatment is measured. Fundamental methodological challenges that evaluation research has to face are identified. In addition, a short overview of recent results from a longitudinal evaluation study is presented to substantiate the dilemmas and solutions of evaluation research in this field. It is discussed why it is so difficult to provide evidence for effectiveness of correctional treatment and concluded that this can by no means lead to a renunciation of the correctional treatment approach.     

Gadamer: Psychotherapy as conversation

Outcome research into psychotherapy shows that therapeutic approaches may all be equally valid forms of therapy despite the mutually exclusive theories on which they are based. Reviews of what therapists do in practice suggest a largely atheoretical and eclectic approach in which non-specific factors such as empathy, clinical management and persuasion are prominent. This paper proposes that a hermeneutic approach based on the work of the German philosopher Hans-Georg Gadamer can be useful in providing a non-dogmatic basis for therapy which makes room for these non-specific qualities. It outlines a hermeneutic mode of therapy and shows how this can allow for the rhetorical, interpretative and poetic dimensions of therapy-in-action.     

差异蛋白质组学研究与应用进展

差异蛋白质组学是蛋白质组学的一种重要研究策略,着重于比较不同生物体在不同时刻或状态下蛋白质表达的变化,在目前技术背景下有重要的现实意义.将近年来新发展的差异蛋白组学技术,如激光捕获微切割、蛋白芯片及蛋白质定量研究方面等的技术和差异蛋白组学应用进展进行总结.     

Time‐limited therapy in a Community Mental Health Team setting

This study examines time‐limited therapy in a Community Mental Health Team (CMHT) setting. This work is a key tension for CMHTs who are under pressure to focus on clients with a serious mental illness as a priority as opposed to clients who might be deemed the ‘psychologically distressed’. The development of CMHTs in the UK is described. Limited research on time‐limited therapy in a CMHT setting is identified. Results suggest that time‐limited therapy has a positive impact on the mental health needs of clients referred to a CMHT by GPs. It is concluded that it is appropriate to justify the use of time‐limited therapy in a CMHT‐based setting. Suggestions for further research are made.