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时间应激对不同结构超文本信息搜索绩效的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
实验探讨了时间应激对不同结构超文本信息搜索绩效的影响效应。采用 3× 2被试间设计 ,自变量为超文本结构 (层次、混合、网状 )和时间应激(应激组和对照组 ) ,因变量为答题速度和迷路指数。 48名大学生或研究生被试参与实验。结果发现 ,时间应激对超文本搜索绩效有重要影响。更具体地说 ,时间应激对网状结构超文本搜索绩效的影响尤为明显。因此 ,在需对用户浏览时间进行控制的情况下 ,最好不要采用网状结构的超文本设计。另外 ,超文本结构对超文本搜索绩效的影响效应再次得到证实。 相似文献
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先前知识、超文本层次深度和类型对低结构化信息搜索的影响 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11
探讨先前知识、超文本层次深度和类型对低结构化中文信息搜索的影响。采用2(先前知识)×8(文本组织形式)的被试间设计,以平均搜索时间和迷路指数为因变量。结果发现:(1)先前知识对线性文本和超文本(尤其是层次型超文本)的搜索均有利;(2)随着层次深度的增加,对超文本的搜索时间显著增加,迷路指数也呈增加的趋势;(3)搜索线性文本的迷路指数显著低于超文本;(4)不同类型超文本的搜索绩效基本无显著差异。因此,先前知识、层次深度对超文本信息搜索的影响比超文本类型和信息的结构化水平更重要。 相似文献
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通过两个实验考察了结构、任务类型和导航对超文本信息搜索绩效的影响。实验一采用2(层次结构,混合结构)×2(特定任务,关系任务)的被试内设计,探讨了超文本结构和任务类型对信息搜索的影响;实验二在实验一的基础上,采用2(层次结构,混合结构)×2(有导航图,无导航图)的被试内设计,考察超文本结构和导航对关系任务信息搜索的影响。结果表明:(1)超文本结构和任务类型对信息搜索绩效有显著的交互影响,就关系任务而言,混合结构超文本优于层次结构超文本,但就特定任务而言,两者无显著差异;(2)导航对信息搜索行为有指导作用,尤其对层次结构超文本有利;(3)两种主观指标的结果与客观指标存在一定程度的一致性。 相似文献
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文本结构和时间应激对网页阅读绩效的影响 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
探讨了文本结构和时间应激对网页阅读绩效的影响效应。采用 2× 3被试间设计 ,自变量为文本结构和阅读时间 ,因变量为找到相关信息的时间及途径的额外节点数。结果发现 ,主效应及交互作用的影响均十分显著。其中 ,当阅读时间为 10和 2 0min时 ,超文本阅读的绩效均显著低于线性文本 ,而在 30min时两者无显著差异 ;对超文本 ,三种阅读时间的效应存在显著差异 ,而对线性材料 ,阅读时间的效应无显著差异。结论 :时间应激对超文本阅读绩效的影响更为明显 相似文献
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该项研究探讨被试对听觉词源检测和再认的差异性,并比较了男女被试的源检测和再认情况.实验以两字汉字词为记忆材料,设计了三个因素.性别因素指男女被试性别水平;声源因素设计了男性和女性两种声源呈现听觉词,为组内设计;学习因素为两个水平的组内设计,水平一是偶然学习,水平二是重复学习,也为组内设计,该因素考查学习效应.研究分别统计两种声源词的再认和源检测成绩,结果分析显示:被试源检测的学习效应显著,而再认的学习效应不显著;两种声源词的源检测差异显著,而再认的差异不显著;同类测试之间存在显著相关,两种测试之间相关不显著;偶然学习条件下,男女被试对男性声源词的源检测差异显著.研究结果提示,源检测的内部认知过程不同于再认,并且两种性别人群的源记忆可能存在某些方面的差异. 相似文献
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背景线索效应是由重复场景导致搜索效率提高的现象。以往研究发现三维场景下能获得背景线索效应,但对三维场景下深度知觉线索信息如何影响空间场景提供有效线索引导注意仍缺乏实证研究。本研究以矩阵刺激为材料,通过设置不同的刺激项目水平数探讨深度知觉线索对背景线索效应的影响模式。结果发现:(1)在场景布局由较少项目构成时,深度知觉线索提供目标与刺激项目的有效联结,获得背景线索效应;(2)当刺激项目水平达到一定程度时,深度知觉线索增加了背景线索任务的搜索难度,干扰了重复场景中的背景信息对注意的指导性加工,背景线索效应消失。研究结果为三维场景下深度信息对空间场景中注意引导加工的影响提供了证据。 相似文献
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Emma B. Guild Jenna M. Cripps Nicole D. Anderson Naseem Al-Aidroos 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2014,21(1):142-148
On a daily basis, we accomplish the task of searching our visual environment for one of a number of possible objects, like searching for any one of our friends in a crowd, and we do this with ease. Understanding how attention, perception, and long-term memory interact to accomplish this process remains an important question. Recent research (Wolfe in Psychological Science 23:698–703, 2012) has shown that increasing the number of possible targets one is searching for adds little cost to the efficiency of visual search—specifically, that response times increase logarithmically with memory set size. It is unclear, however, what type of recognition memory process (familiarity or recollection) supports a hybrid visual memory search. Previous hybrid search paradigms create conditions that allow participants to rely on the familiarity of perceptually identical targets. In two experiments, we show that hybrid search remains efficient even when the familiarity of targets is minimized (Experiment 1) and when participants are encouraged to flexibly retrieve target information that is perceptually distinct from the information previously studied (Experiment 2). We propose that such efficient and flexible performance on a hybrid search task may engage a rapid from of recollection (Moscovitch in Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology 62:62–79, 2008). We discuss possible neural correlates supporting simultaneous perception, comparison of incoming information, and recollection of episodic memories. 相似文献
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What can we learn about a scene while we stare at it, but before we know what we will be looking for? Three experiments were performed to investigate whether previewing a search array prior to knowing the target allows search to operate more quickly (lower reaction time [RT]), more efficiently (reduced set size slope), and/or by consulting abstract mental representations. Experiment 1 compared RTs for previewed and nonpreviewed arrays, some of which were highly degraded with visual noise. Preview reduced RTs for the noisy displays but did not affect search efficiency. Limited interactions of visual quality and preview suggested that prior exposure allowed the extraction and maintenance of about three abstract identities. If the target was one of those items, the observer responded without searching; if not, the observer searched the remaining items as if there had been no preview. Experiment 2 replicated these findings with less extreme noise. In Experiment 3, subjects previewed 0-6 items of a 12-item display. RTs decreased linearly as the number of previewed items increased from 0 to 3 and then reached a plateau, confirming that the capacity of the representation was about 3 items. Implications for visual awareness are discussed. 相似文献
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采用内隐联想测验对150名大学生进行分组,选出高、低职业性别刻板印象组被试共74名(各37名),运用信息板技术深入考察内隐职业性别刻板印象、信息完整性对个体职业决策过程的具体影响。结果表明:(1)内隐职业性别刻板印象显著影响个体职业决策的决策时间、探索深度以及探索模式;(2)信息完整性对个体职业决策的信息探索深度、探索模式以及决策满意度有显著影响,且高内隐职业性别刻板印象个体的决策满意度随信息完整性的减少而降低;(3)高内隐职业性别刻板印象的个体在信息不完整的情况下会倾向于进行更深入的信息探索。 相似文献
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Using the simultaneous protocol to study equivalence class formation: the facilitating effects of nodal number and size of previously established equivalence classes 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0
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Fields L Reeve K Rosen D Varelas A Adams B 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1997,67(3):367-389
The emergence of equivalence classes in college students is unlikely when all baseline relations are trained concurrently and all probes for emergent relations are then introduced concurrently (the simultaneous protocol). This experiment showed how the number of nodes and the size of previously established equivalence classes enhanced the emergence of new equivalence classes under the simultaneous protocol. First, one-node three-, five-, or seven-member classes or three-node five- or seven-member classes were established with college students. A sixth group received no pretraining. Then, the simultaneous protocol was used to establish new three-node five-member equivalence classes with all students. The speed and variability with which the baseline relations were established in the simultaneous protocol were inverse functions of number of nodes in the previously established classes, but not of their size. The percentage of subjects who showed the emergence of new equivalence classes under the simultaneous protocol was a direct function of number of nodes and size of pretrained classes. The additional time spent for pretraining greatly reduced the total training time needed to produce individuals who showed the emergence of classes under the simultaneous protocol. The total time saved was a direct function of number of nodes and number of stimuli in the pretrained classes. 相似文献