中国人幸福人格的结构与内涵

幸福人格是影响个体幸福感的重要人格特质。为了探索中国人幸福人格的结构和内涵,研究基于人格的词汇学假设,从以往研究者编制人格测验使用的初始词汇表中,筛选出225个与幸福感有关的人格词语。通过探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析,最终得到49个幸福人格词语。因素分析结果显示：中国人的幸福人格包含胆识、美德、乐观三个维度。以Campbell幸福感量表、主观幸福感量表和中国大五人格问卷简式版为效标的分析结果表明,幸福人格各维度得分可有效预测幸福感。     

中国人善良人格量表的编制及信效度检验

中国的心理学研究充满了道德色彩,研究以善良人格概念及结构为基础,编制了中国人善良人格量表。研究根据已有的善良人格词汇对应编写具体条目,经过分析整合后初步保留29个善良人格条目,在此基础上研究招募960名被试,分别进行探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析,并建构了善良人格的二阶四因子结构。研究结果表明善良人格量表具有良好的信效度,是测量中国人善良人格的有效工具。     

中国人善良人格的结构研究

善良人格是一个具有中国文化特色的人格心理学主题。为了探究善良人格的结构和内涵,研究基于人格词汇学假设,通过开放式和半开放式问卷调查,经由意义分善良; 善良人格; 人格结构; 中国人析和初测保留了85个善良人格词汇; 在此基础上,进行探索性和验证性因素分析,揭示了中国人的善良人格是一个包括诚信友善、利他奉献、宽容和善、重情重义的二阶四因子结构。信度和效度分析表明,编制的善良人格问卷的信、效度良好,符合心理测量学的基本要求。     

青少年学生自立人格的结构——基于中国人人格量表（QZPS）的结果

以中国人人格量表(QZPS)的项目为基础,经由大学生、高中生和初中生自己的挑选,编制出了探索青少年学生自立人格结构的<大学生问卷>、<高中生问卷>、<初中生问卷>和<青少年学生问卷>.分别对大学生、高中生和初中生进行调查和探索性因素分析后发现:①<大学生问卷>、<初中生问卷>与<青少年学生问卷>显示的自立人格都为个人责任(坚韧严谨)、个人主动(追求卓越)、人际开放(宽容随和)和人际主动(积极活跃);②<高中生问卷>显示的自立人格包括个人主动(追求卓越)、人际主动(积极活跃)、人际开放(宽容随和)、人际责任(坦诚记恩)和个人责任(坚韧严谨).最后,对青少年学生自立人格特质的分领域聚焦性等问题进行了讨论.     

中国人格量表编制的本土化研究

为了深入探究中国人人格特质与结构,并编制本土化人格量表; 本文综合QZPS、CPAI-2及CPFFI的因素命名特征,编制出包含116个项目的人格词汇评定表。通过对1455名被试人格词汇评定结果的探索性分析,最终确定7个维度的人格词汇评定量表。该该量表7个因素对总变异的贡献率为51.63%,内部一致性信度在0.663-0.912之间,总量表的内部一致性信度为0.800; 7个因素的重测信度在0.700～0.874(p<0.001)之间。研究结果显示情绪性与外向性两个人格特质是人们共有的人格特质内容,该人格量表中的其他人格因素既有与西方人格因素趋同的方面,也有中国文化背景下本土化内容。同QZPS、CPAI-2及CPFFI相比,该人格因素结构几乎可以包含以上3个模型的绝大多数人格因素内容,且结构清晰全面。     

青少年学生自立人格自陈量表的建构

通过对前期系列研究结果的梳理,建构出了涉及个人自立与人际自立两个方面共10种特质的青少年学生自立人格结构。根据理论构想,在5次预试的基础上编制出了青少年学生自立人格量表,并对1723个有效被试进行了调查。将有效被试划分为两个样本分别进行了探索性与验证性因素分析,并根据有关结果确定了量表项目。探索性与验证性因素分析的结果都检验了青少年学生自立人格结构。最后,对青少年学生自立人格结构的特点与维度含义等问题进行了讨论     

50名暴力罪犯的MMPI人格因素分析

１前言犯罪,从法学角度来说是由国家法律认定的、危害统治阶级利益和社会秩序的、应受刑罚惩处的行为。暴力犯罪是犯罪类型的一种,是具有很大社会危害性的,也是日益受到普遍而强烈反对的犯罪行为。通常,暴力犯罪指对他人人身及其安全实施暴力的各种形式的犯罪。暴力犯罪产生的原因可以从个人主观原因（包括思想特征、心理特征、生理特征）和社会客观因素方面进行研究。本文主要对暴力犯罪分子的人格进行分析、探讨暴力罪犯的人格特质及其在犯罪过程中其人格特质造成的影响,以及未婚犯组与已婚犯组,减刑犯组与未减刑犯组,贩毒犯组与故…     

善恶人格的特质差序

善恶问题是人们在社会生活中的重要话题, 在对他人进行知觉时, 人们首先关心的信息是什么, 是否会对不同类型善恶特质有所权衡?研究基于人格心理学视角, 通过4个研究对该问题进行了探讨。研究首先探究了人格的道德概念激活时善恶的差异, 并以代表性、好恶度、特质度和重要性为衡量指标分别考察了不同类型善恶特质的核心程度差异。结果发现, 善恶人格的特质差序体现在两个方面：(1)善恶人格间的差序, 在人格的道德范畴中, 存在善人格的优先效应; (2)善恶人格内的差序, “善”的核心由内到外为尽责诚信、仁爱友善与包容大度、利他奉献; “恶”的核心由内到外为凶恶残忍、背信弃义与污蔑陷害、虚假伪善。研究有助于进一步理解中国人的善恶观, 为善恶领域的探究提供了新思路。     

人格结构的中西方差异与中国人的人格特点

该文旨在通过对中西方人格结构的比较和分析揭示文化与人格结构的关系,并探寻中国人人格结构的文化意义。根据词汇学假设进行的中西方人格结构的研究结果表明,人格结构的形成是建立在对行为归类的基础之上的,中西方人格结构的差异最直接的原因就在于中西方对行为归类的差别。中国文化比较强调整体性、联系性以及评价性是造成中国人与西方人行为归类差异的原因,而更深层次的原因则是中西方文化中对人性看法的差异。中国人人格量表有着比较理想的预测效度,而且与西方大五人格量表相比更高的预测效度,这些均表明中国人人格结构的合理性。文中还提出了进一步研究的展望     

中西方人格结构差异的理论与实证分析 ——以中国人人格量表（QZPS）和西方五因素人格量表（NEO PI-R）为例

区分中西方人格结构的共性与特异性及其性质是心理学研究中国化的重要理论问题。本文首先总结了中西方人格结构的五因素（大五）与七因素模型的建立过程及词汇学途径的内在逻辑,依据人格结构的行为归类假设,提出中西方人格结构的差异源自对行为进行归类的标准或原则的差异。其次,根据相关的实证研究结果,对中西方人格结构的“共性”与“特异性”的性质进行了分析,认为它们仅在具体行为或量表项目水平上才有区分的意义,对人格因素（维度）水平上的“共性”与“特异性”的区分是无法做到的,也是没有意义的。文中还讨论了心理学研究中国化的重要性     

一例大学生社交恐惧症的案例分析报告

本文是一例女大学生因怀疑自己口臭、担心肠蠕动的声音像放屁声,因表现为在人多的场所感到紧张、不断地吞口水,回避人多的场所等症状的心理咨询案例。分析了求助者的生物学层面、社会层面和心理层面的相关资料,结合SCL-90、SAS、SDS的测验结果,分别做出了诊断和鉴别诊断。采用认知行为疗法和暴露疗法对来访者做了有效干预和治疗。根据求助者自我评估、咨询师评定、心理测验结果证明本咨询为有效咨询。     

Behavior analysis in college classrooms: A scoping review

We conducted a scoping review of interventions that have been implemented classroom-wide in college classroom settings. We searched nine behavior-analytic journals from 2000 through 2020. We identified 59 studies that met our inclusion criteria and organized them into 13 categories: acceptance and commitment therapy (n = 1), equivalence-based instruction (n = 1), SAFMEDS (n = 4), guided notes (n = 4), response cards (n = 5), group contingencies (n = 5), interteaching (n = 6), programmed instruction, PSI, computer-aided (CA)PSI (n = 7), contingency arrangements (n = 15), feedback (n = 4), online delivery techniques (n = 4), game study sessions (n = 2), and peer-generated examples (n = 1). The interventions have been used with undergraduate and graduate students across various course topics and modalities. Most interventions produced positive results, commonly assessed via quiz and exam scores. This review presents the scope of interventions, their characteristics, and recommendations for future research.     

Associations among shyness,interpersonal relationships,and loneliness in college freshmen: A longitudinal cross‐lagged analysis

This short‐term longitudinal study examined the reciprocal associations among shyness, interpersonal relationships, and loneliness in a sample of 361 Chinese college freshmen (138 male students, mean age = 18.57 years). A fully cross‐lagged panel design was used in which shyness, interpersonal relationships, and loneliness were assessed at three time points separated by 8 months. The results indicated that the associations among shyness, interpersonal relationships, and loneliness were dynamic and bidirectional. The self‐report scores and the pattern of cross‐lagged associations among shyness, interpersonal relationships, and loneliness were the same for male and female students at all three times. Implications for loneliness interventions and future research directions are provided.     

The association of Big Five personality traits and religiosity on Internet addiction among Israeli-Palestinian Muslim college students in Israel

ABSTRACT

Prior studies have demonstrated that personality traits and religiosity may be protective/risk factors for the development of Internet addiction; however, these associations have not been examined among the unique population of Israeli-Palestinian young adults. This study was the first to investigate the relationships between Internet addiction (Internet Addiction Test; IAT) with the Big Five personality traits (Big Five Personality Trait Short Questionnaire; BFPTSQ) and religiosity (Positions Regarding Religion Questionnaire) among a sample of Israeli-Palestinian Muslim college students (n?=?350). IAT scores were positively associated with BFPTSQ openness (r?=?.33, p?<?.01), BFPTSQ extraversion (r?=?.30, p?<?.01), and BFPTSQ agreeableness (r?=?.36, p?<?.01), whereas IAT scores were negatively related to religiosity (r?=??.46, p?<?.01), BFPTSQ conscientiousness (r?=??.33, p?<?.01), and BFPTSQ emotional stability (r?=??.36, p?<?.01). The present work may provide insight into risk factors for developing Internet addiction in a manner that may increase early identification and intervention efforts.     

青少年网络成瘾人格特征研究

本研究采用问卷调查法,对某初级中学363名初中生的网络成瘾状况与人格特征进行研究。结论表明:初中生网络成瘾检出率为5.79%;初中生在网络成瘾存在性别差异,男生比女生更易成瘾。网络成瘾学生与非成瘾学生在《卡特尔十四种人格因素问题》中的忧虑性、自律性、适应性与焦虑性、孤独倾向、身体症状和冲动倾向等因子上差异显著。与非成瘾学生相比,成瘾学生的自制能力较差,成瘾学生可能更经常体验到孤独、焦虑和不满,并且在生活中较容易出现适应不良现象。     

A comparison of interteaching and lecture in the college classroom

Interteaching is a new method of classroom instruction that is based on behavioral principles but offers more flexibility than other behaviorally based methods. We examined the effectiveness of interteaching relative to a traditional form of classroom instruction-the lecture. In Study 1, participants in a graduate course in special education took short quizzes after alternating conditions of interteaching and lecture. Quiz scores following interteaching were higher than quiz scores following lecture, although both methods improved performance relative to pretest measures. In Study 2, we also alternated interteaching and lecture but counterbalanced the conditions across two sections of an undergraduate research methods class. After each unit of information, participants from both sections took the same test. Again, test scores following interteaching were higher than test scores following lecture. In addition, students correctly answered more interteaching-based questions than lecture-based questions on a cumulative final test. In both studies, the majority of students reported a preference for interteaching relative to traditional lecture. In sum, the results suggest that interteaching may be an effective alternative to traditional lecture-based methods of instruction.     

Exercise schema and motivational regulation of college students: A person-centered analysis

To further understand the complex psychological processes involved with motivating health behavior, we sought to examine how one's exercise schema may align with self-determined exercise motivation regulations. Few studies have examined patterns of motivation regulations that may be associated with exercise schema in order to better identify unique motivation-based profiles. We conducted a latent profile analysis on responses from 427 college-aged adults to an exercise self-schema measure (schema identification and schema strength) and five exercise regulation subscales (external, introjected, identified, integrated, intrinsic). A three-class latent profile model fit this data best considering both the fit indices and theoretical implications and confirmed previous research grouping individuals into pre-exerciser schematics, aschematics, and exerciser schematics. However, the model also captured individuals that would have been unclassifiable in the original scoring analysis. Future research may examine the stability of these profiles and methods to better understand schema-regulation profiles and exercise behavior.     

Prediction Consistency: A Test of the Equivalence Assumption Across Different Indicators of the Same Construct.

Prominent theoretical constructs such as the Big Five personality factors often inspire the development and use of different inventories. This practice rests on the vital assumption that different indicators equivalently assess the same construct—otherwise, it would often be inappropriate to draw conclusions on the construct level. In comparison to the evidence typically relied on to support this equivalence assumption, we argue that a direct test of prediction consistency will provide further insights: prediction consistency is a necessary condition for the equivalence assumption that indicators from different inventories predict an external criterion to the same extent. Here, we outline guidelines how to design studies to establish prediction consistency and illustrate this approach in an experiment testing the prediction consistency of the Agreeableness indicators from three prominent Big Five inventories. Specifically, we considered prediction consistency with respect to honesty (vs. cheating) as the behavioral criterion for which a specific a priori hypothesis can be derived on theoretical grounds. Results contradicted predictions consistency and thus the equivalence assumption by showing qualitatively different relations to behavioral honesty, thereby also emphasizing that the interchangeability of inventories should generally be subjected to a strict test, rather than assumed. Copyright © 2016 European Association of Personality Psychology