Reviews

Abstract

Selected review of current books on sexuality and sex therapy, John P. Wincze, Brown University/V.A. Hospital, Providence

Becoming Orgasmic: A Program of Sexual Growth for Women. Heiman, J., LoPiccolo, L., and LoPiccolo, J. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1976.

Female and Male: Dimensions of Human Sexuality. Pierson, E. and D'Antonio, W. New York: J.B. Lippincott Co., 1974.

Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality. Lief, H.I. Baltimore: The Williams and Wilkins Co., 1975.

Sex After Sixty. Butler, R. and Lewis, M. New York: Harper and Row, 1976.

Sex Therapy at Home. Kass, D. and Stauss, F. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1975.

SIECUS Study Guides. Sex Information and Education Council of the United States. New York, 1976 (6th printing).

Adulthood and aging: An interdisciplinary developmental view, Douglas Kimmel, New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1974, $12.50, 484 pages

Permanent weight control: A total solution to the dieter's dilemma, Michael J. Mahoney, Kathryn Mahoney, New York, W.W. Norton and Co., Inc., 1976, $7.95, 177 pages     

Sex,Education, Age,and Cautiousness: Implications for Counselors

A cross‐sectional study of educated men and women showed that cautiousness, as measured by perceived problem‐solving ability, does not increase with age. Sex differences were nonsignificant. The results are discussed in terms of R. Schultz and J. Heckhausen's (1996) Life Span Model of Successful Aging.     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed:
Michael Loughlin, Ethics, Management and Mythology
Al Cooper (ed.), Sex and the Internet: a Guidebook for Clinicians
J. Mark Halstead & Michael J. Reiss, Values in Sex Education: From Principles to Practice
John Portman, Sex and Heaven: Catholics in Bed and Prayer
Alan Soble (ed.), The Philosophy of Sex: Contemporary Readings
Tim Lebon, Wise Therapy: Philosophy for Counsellors
Lou Marinoff, Philosophical Practice
Michael Davis, Profession, Code and Ethics
Michael Davis & Andrew Stark (Eds.), Conflict of Interest in the Professions     

Abstracts

Z ygmond , M. J. and B oorhem , H. (1989) Ethical decision making in Family Therapy. Family Process
A rmsworth , M. W. (1989) Therapy of incest survivors: Abuse or support. Child Abuse and Neglect
W amboldt , F. S. and R eiss , D. (1989) Defining a family heritage and a new relationship identity: Two central tasks in the making of a marriage. Family Process
W ood , W., R hodes , N. and W helan , M. (1989) Sex differences in positive well-being: A consideration of emotional style and marital status. Psychological Bulletin
L ange , A. (1989) The 'help' paradigm in the treatment of severely distressed couples: A combination of paradoxical and problem-solving elements. American Journal of Family Therapy     

At the Crossroads: Latina Identity and Simone de Beauvoir's The Second Sex

Simone de Beauvoir's The Second Sex has been heralded as a canonical text of feminist theory. The book focuses on providing an account of the lived experience of woman that generates a condition of otherness. However, I contend that it falls short of being able to account for the multidimensionality of identity insofar as Beauvoir's argument rests upon the comparison between racial and gendered oppression that is understood through the black–white binary. The result of this framework is the imperceptibility of identities at the crossroads between categories of race and gender. Hence, the goal of this article is to explore the margins of Beauvoir's work in order to decenter the “other” of The Second Sex and make known what is made imperceptible by its architecture, using Latina identity as an interventional guide. I conclude that given the prominence of The Second Sex in feminist theory, this shortcoming must be addressed if feminist theorists are to use it responsibly.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books Reviewed
Philip J. Ivanhoe, Confucian Moral Self Cultivation
T. C. Kline III and Philip J. Ivanhoe (eds.), Virtue, Nature, and Moral Agency in the Xunzi
Robert C. Neville, Boston Confucianism: Portable Tradition in the Late–Modern World
Kuang–ming Wu, On Metaphoring: A Cultural Hermeneutic
Chenyang Li (ed.), The Sage and the Second Sex     

Blaming the Same-Sex Victim in HIV-Prevention Messages: Further Examination of the Self-Protective Similarity Bias

It has been demonstrated recently that men will judge their own (threat-relevant) personalities and sexual practices as safer than another man's if that man's HIV status is believed positive compared to negative or is unknown (Gump & Kulik, 1995). The present experiment was designed to expand our understanding of the moderators and mediators of this recently documented 'self-protective similarly bias.' College students (N=150) participated in a 2 (Sex of Participant) x 2 (Sex of Model) x 3 (Serostatus: Positive, Negative, Unknown) x 2 (Threat Relevance of Item) factorial design with repeated measures on the last factor. Results indicated that the similarity bias specifically occurs with same-sex models. Analyses of self-ratings and model ratings suggest that the similarity bias was more a functions of 'blaming' or devaluing the victim than of inflated ratings of the participant's own safety characteristics. Finally, although this bias reduced perceived personal susceptibility and was specific to same-sex models, intentions to adopt safer sexual practices were raised by all HIV-positive models regardless of sex concordance.     

Gender Representation in Television Commercials: Updating an Update

Sex Roles - We replicated the studies of O'Donnell and O'Donnell (1978) and Lovdal (1989) to analyze trends in gender representation in television commercials. A total of 757 commercials in...     

Feminism and women's sense of humor

The present study empirically examined the long-standing folk belief that women, especially feminist women, have no sense of humor. Svebak's (1974) revised Sense of Humor Questionnaire [SHQ; (1974b) “Revised Questionnaire on the Sense of Humor,” Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, Vol. 15, pp. 328–331], the short version of the Attitudes Toward Women Scale [ATW; found in J. T. Spence and R. L. Helmreich (1978) Masculinity and Femininity: Their Psychological Dimensions, Correlates, and Antecedents, Austin: University of Texas Press], and S. K. Murnen and D. Byrne's Hyperfemininity Scale [HF; (1991) “Hyperfemininity: Measurement and Initial Validation of the Construct,” The Journal of Sex Research, Vol. 28, pp. 479–489] were administered to 175 college women. Self-ratings were also obtained of the women's stands on women's issues (from traditional to feminist), their own sense of humor, and how often other people typically laugh at their humor. Significant positive correlations occurred between the latter two measures and Svebak's scale. A significant negative correlation appeared between the ATW and the HF. The lack of a significant association between the women's self-rated sense of humor or the SHQ and either the ATW or HF suggests that no relationship between feminism and sense of humor was demonstrable at least with these instruments in this young adult sample.     

How do mathematical experiences contribute to the choice of mathematics

Sex Roles - This study examined how mathematical experiences influence Dutch pupils' course enrollment in mathematics. Are gender differences in extracurricular, mathematics-related activities...     

DEVELOPMENTAL COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL ACHIEVEMENT OF CHILDREN FROM THREE SOCIOCULTURAL GROUPS*

The present study investigated, under three experimental conditions, the induction of communication messages of 219 7-and 9-year-old children of Anglocelt, Aboriginal, and mainland European heritage in Australia. Children's self-concept and their teachers' ratings of their classroom behavior were also examined. Hierarchical multivariate and univariate analyses of variance were applied to task-specific data sets. On the communication task, significant differences were obtained on Condition (C), Sociocultural Group (SG), Age (A), and SG × Sex. On the self-concept variables, significant differences were obtained on A only. Significant differences on A, SG, and Sex were obtained for the teachers' ratings of children's classroom behavior. Correlations between the communication tasks and behaviour ratings increased systematically as the complexity of the communication tasks increased to the asymptotic levels. The self-concept measures were uncorrelated to both the communication tasks and teachers' ratings. Results suggest the possibility of effective cognitive mediation and the consistency with which teachers value overt communication.     

The influence of teacher models on the career confidence and motivation of college students

Sex Roles - Changes in undergraduates' career-related confidence and motivation were tested in a sample of 107 females and 72 males during their first college year. Subjects identified their...     

The impact of sexual harassment simulations on women's thoughts and feelings

Sex Roles - Women's thoughts and feelings in response to interpersonal and environmental sexual harassment simulations from co-workers with equal or greater organizational status were explored....     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: LUND.ROBERTT. AND HANSEN.JOHNA. Keeping America at Work: Strategies for Employing the New Technologies. SCHULER. RANDALLAND YOUNGBLOOD. STUARTA. Case Problems in Personnel and Human Resource Management. PETERS. TOMAND AUSTIN. NANCY. A Passion for Excellence: The Leadership Diference. JOHNSTON, JOSEPHS., JR., AND ASSOCIATES. Educating Managers: Executive Effectiveness through Liberal Learning. KOWLMAN, RICHARD E. Managing Productivity in Organizations: A Practical People-Oriented Perspective. HICKSON, DAVID J., BUTLER, RICHARD J., CRAY, DAVID, MALLORY, GEOFFREY R. AND WILSON, DAVIDC. Top Decisions: Straiegic Decision-Making in Orgainzations. WILLIAMSON, JOHN N. (ED.). The Leader Manager. SRIVASTVA, SURES CHAND ASSOCIATES. Executive Power: How Executives Influence People and Organizations. RONEN, SIMCHA. Comparative and Multinational Management. NASH, MICHAEL, Making People Productive: What Really Works in Raising Managerial and Employee Performance. MICHAL-JOHNSON, PAULA. Saying Goodbye: A Manager's Guide to Employee Dismissal. FERNANDEZ, JOHNP. Child Care and Corporate Productivity: Resolving Family/Work Conflicts. MINER, JOHN B. People Problems: The Executive Answer Book. LOCKE, EDWINA. (ED.). Generalizing from Laboratory to Field Settings: Research Findings from Industrial-Organizational Psychology, Organizational Behavior, and Human Resource Management. RAUSCH, ERWIN. Win-Win Performance Management/Appraisal: A Problem Solving Approach. GOLEMBIEWSKI, ROBERTT. Humanizing Public Organizations: Perspectives on Doing Better-Than-Average When Average Ain't at All Bad. JANDT, FRED E. WITH PAUL GILLETTE. Win-Win Negotiation: Turning Conjoier into Agreement. GUEST, ROBERT H., HERSEY. PAULAND BLANCHARD. KENNETH H. Organizational Change through Effective Leadership (2nd ed.). GREENLAW, PAUL S. AND KOHL, JOHN P. Personnel Management: Managing Human Resources. FLETCHER, CLIVEAND WILLIAMS. RICHARD. Performance Appraisal and Career Development. BRINBERG, DAVIDAND MCGRATH. JOSEPHE. Validity and the Research Process. MILLER, R.C.I. Moving into Management. GUTEK, BARBARAA. Sex and the Workplace: The Impact of Sexual Behavior and Harassment on Women, Men and Organizations. HICHMAN, EDITH L. The Organization Woman: Building a Career-An Inside Report. RESKIN, BARBARAF. AND HARTMANN, HEIDII. (ED.). Women's Work. Men's Work: Sex Segregation on the Job.     

The presentation of gendered conflict in popular movies: Affective stereotypes,cultural sentiments,and men's motivation

Sex Roles - This research systematically addresses the potential influence of patriarchal culture in motivating men's imposition against women in social conflict. Social conflict in...     

The relationship between sex-role orientation and resolution of eriksonian developmental crises

Sex Roles - A total of 139 female and 133 male undergraduates completed the Bem Sex-role Inventory and the Inventory of Psychosocial Development, a measure of resolution of Erikson's...     

Sex factors in children's observational learning of value judgments of toys

Sex Roles - Preschool children observed the play of a male or female model with a nonpreferred toy. The model's play incorporated a masculine or feminine storylike sequence of actions or was...