Report of the ACA Ethics Committee: 1995–1996

This report contains data about ethical complaints and inquiries processed by the American Counseling Association (ACA) Ethics Committee from 1995 to 1996. This report also includes a discussion of the findings of the committee, information about the approval of the new ACA Code of Ethics and Standards of Practice, and educational efforts undertaken by the committee.     

Report of the ACA Ethics Committee: 1996–1997

This report summarizes the activities of the American Counseling Association (ACA) Ethics Committee for 1996–1997. Summary data of the complaints filed and the inquiries received are presented along with a discussion of the other activities of the committee.     

The development of anthropology and colonial policy in the Netherlands: 1800–1960

Although there have been studies of both Dutch colonial policy in the Indies and the development of anthropology in the Netherlands, there has been no systematic examination of the historical relations between them. This paper attempts this for a period of 160 years from the collapse of the Dutch East India Company to the birth of an independent Indonesian state. During this time, the need of successive governments for information on subject peoples was matched by the requirements of scholars for suitable conditions and locations for their work. As Dutch anthropology emerged in the nineteenth century and developed in the twentieth, it was closely related to the prevailing political climate—state capitalism, liberal, and ethical policies. The analysis shows how there is a “fit” between these and certain dominant anthropological styles and interests, principally in the form of empiricism, customary law studies, “Leiden” structuralism, and functionalism.     

Trends in Advertised SCANS Competencies: Technology,Interpersonal, and Basic Communication Job Skills, 1992–1996

This longitudinal study was conducted to Identify trends In entry-level technology, interpersonal, and basic skills related to communication using classified advertisements from 10 standard metropolitan statistical areas in the United States. Two competencies and one foundation skill were selected from the Workplace Know-How's identified in the 1991 U.S. Department of Labor's Secretary's Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills (SCANS). Results indicate a decline in the number of classified advertisements specifically including technology and basic skills related to communication. Ads including interpersonal skills increased for a 2nd consecutive year, although overall percentages remained low.     

‘The child's past in the adult's present’: The trauma of the Siege of Leningrad (1941–1944)

This study deals with the individual and collective memory of Leningrad Siege survivors who experienced mass and prolonged wartime trauma during childhood (1941–44). While much has been published about the Siege, there has to date been no investigation by psychologists into the effects of extreme deprivation on Siege victims apart from one pilot study (Gulina et al., 2005). This study is still underway. Interviews with 80 participants (68 female and 12 male) are analysed and discussed here. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) and content analysis are utilized. Unpublished archival writings by children caught in the Siege have been analysed. The principal method of interpretation is based on a psychoanalytic understanding of child development, mourning and the metabolizing of traumatic experience. The subjective meaning of the Siege experience to individual children is considered