价值四论

"价值"这个术语是人们用得最多、而含义最不明确的概念之一。为了使关于价值问题的任何讨论变得有效,有必要澄清人们对价值概念的种种误解,从而在以下四个问题上确立一种基础性的共识:第一,价值不同于使用价值;第二,客观价值关系不同于主观价值判断;第三,批评的价值多元论不同于自然的价值多元论;第四,被修正的现代性价值体系不同于现代性价值体系。     

数字化建设下博物馆馆藏文物的智慧保护探析

博物馆作为一个典藏人文自然遗产等的文化教育机构,对国家遗产继承和发扬具有非常重要的作用和意义。博物馆馆藏文物是进行社会、历史、文化、技术等方面传承的具体物质载体,它完整存在的价值和意义不言而喻。博物馆是依赖于自然和人类文化遗产的实物而存在的。博物馆馆藏文物的社会展览是博物馆的一项重要功能,对馆藏文物进行保护也是博物馆非常重要的工作环节。如何加强文物的保护需要认真思考,需要依靠科技的进步。文章针对博物馆馆藏文物在新时代高科技社会发展条件下的保护工作进行探析。     

让·鲍德里亚的符号价值

让·鲍德里亚认为:在一个被生产主宰的社会里,使用价值与交换价值之间的差异有某种相关性.确实,马克思曾经用这些范畴对资本主义的成长提供了一个相对合理的解释.根据马克思的解释,物品的使用价值就是它能满足某些需要的有用性.另一方面,交换价值指的是产品或物品通过市场价格衡定出来的市场价值.马克思把物的交换价值称作物的商品形式.     

异化是社会问题和哲学问题

一、异化现象及其定义我们先不谈理论,而先阐述具体的社会现象,然后再进行理论概括。不同的人(大小不等的团体中的人或单个的人)生产不同的物品,以满足人的各种需要,如桌子、椅子、衣服、食品和房屋等等。他们生产一些具有使用价值的物品,但这些物品并不直接送到消费者     

谈谈回族文物的征集与保护

党的十一届三中全会以来，由于各项民族政策的落实，民族文物工作也逐渐被提到议事日程。民族民俗类博物馆作为民族文物的主要收藏、宣传、科研机构，已被确定为收集保护民族文物的主要职能部门。１９８４年１０月召开的全国民族文物工作会议，标志着民族文物工作开始了一个新阶段。当今时代，在生产发展，社会进步的进程中，民族文物流失的问题也时有发生。许多民族实物资料因失去了往日的使用价值，正在悄无声息地退出历史舞台；同时，由于它们大多是有机物，容易磨损和消逝，所以我们若不对这些文物加以重视，进行科学合理的征集、保护、…     

《1857～1858年经济学手稿》中“一般劳动”概念的四个层次

《1857~1858年经济学手稿》的主导逻辑是使用价值和交换价值的二重逻辑。交换价值所建构的客观抽象的"一般劳动",是这一文本的重要批判基点。这种通过交换和货币所建构的"一般劳动"是一种客体性的"一般劳动",从而不同于《资本论》中价值概念所代表的主体性的"一般劳动"。在《1857~1858年经济学手稿》中还出现了三种不同的主体性的"一般劳动",尤其是在对机器大工业的研究中,马克思指出了机器生产所建构的两种不同的一般劳动形式。这些概念为马克思在《资本论》中得出科学的价值概念奠定了基础,也推动马克思在解读视角上完成了"从使用价值和交换价值的矛盾运动"向"使用价值和价值的矛盾运动"的过渡。     

现代设计的使用价值批评研究

使用价值是设计价值体系中最基础的内容之一,以设计的使用价值为批评标准是设计批评学科的基本特征。在具体的设计批评中,使用价值因人、因时、因环境、因设计而包含着迥异的价值内容,所以设计使用价值的范畴具有明显的复杂性和多变性。设计的使用价值批评分为三种类型:一是作为工具的使用价值批评,二是以确立某种使用价值取向的设计批评,三是对人类使用价值需求本身的反思批评,即对人类使用需求本身的合理性问题的批评。人们对设计使用价值的考察,往往是与审美价值联系在一起的。     

论自然生态美之内涵及其表现

自然生态美是地球经过长期发展演化而创造出来的自然本身的一种生境之美。自然生态美直接地呈现为一种整体的自然生命样态之美,具体地表现为自然生态的生机美、季相美、整体风貌美与和谐美。对自然生态美的把握与感受,是人的生命与大自然生命间的一种默契与相合,它不是一种置身自然之外的对象化感受,而是感受者与被感受对象处于同一时空境域,是一种互含互摄的、生命与生命间的平等对话与交流。是人全身心的投入与融合,是以人的全部生命熔铸于自然整体生命中而获得的一种"与天地同流,与万物合道"的超越性生命境界美。     

“变废为宝”理念下的自然材料可持续设计

在社会高速发展、资源飞速消耗的今天,在"变废为宝"理念的指导下进行自然材料可持续设计必将成为一种设计趋势。对于变废为宝不仅仅是把废旧的物品重新设计加工成有用的物品,而是希望可以在"变废为宝"活动过程中培养一种可持续的思维,以产品设计为载体,用独特且具有美感的设计吸引人们的目光,再通过传达一种通俗易懂的可持续思维来影响大众,从而倡导绿色、低碳、可持续的消费趋势,让人、社会与自然材料能够进入一个良性的循环中去。     

“自然价值”:一个马克思主义的解读

本文拟运用马克思主义观点解读“自然价值”的概念。值得注意的是 ,马克思建立在“劳动”这个人类本质活动前提上的价值讨论 ,旨在揭露资本产生剩余价值的奥秘 ,表达了鲜明的理论立场 ,这与今天人们对于自然价值的哲学经济学分析“路径”不同。因此 ,准确理解马克思的有关论述 ,避免望文生义和实用主义的误读就十分重要了。一先来看看马克思是如何看待自然价值的。第一 ,自然有使用价值 ,但本身并无价值 :“一个物可以是使用价值而不是价值。这就使一个物可以对人有用而不必是人的劳动的产物。例如 ,空气、天然草地、处女地等等”(马克思 ,1…     

Together – apart: in touch in a time of separation

This paper explores the experience of working as a Jungian analyst through the various phases of the global COVID-19 pandemic, examining the importance of the physical containing space alongside the analyst’s internal mind and how technology can both help and hinder understanding. A number of clinical vignettes illustrate the challenge of communicating over a distance, paying particular attention to the way countertransference phenomena can become re-attuned. Reference is made to mythology and symbols of hope, and consideration given to the meaning and purpose of the pandemic.     

The Possibility of Meaning in Human Evolution

Science undermines the certitude of non-naturalistic answers to the question of whether human life has meaning. I explore whether evolution can provide a naturalistic basis for existential meaning. Using the work of philosopher Daniel Dennett and scientist Ursula Goodenough, I argue that evolution is the locus of the possibility of meaning because it has produced intentionality, the matrix of consciousness. I conclude that the question of the meaning of human life is an existentialist one: existential meaning is a product of the individual and collective tasks human beings undertake.     

Phenotypic plasticity and archetype: a response to common objections to the biological theory of archetype and instinct

Since Jung’s death in 1961, scholars have attempted to integrate growing biological science data into Jungian concepts such as the collective unconscious, instincts and the archetypes. This enterprise has been challenging due to persistent false dichotomies of gene and environment occasionally arising. Recent works by Roesler (2022a, 2022b) for example, have raised objections to the biological theory of archetypes, but the objections are plagued by such dichotomies. The concept of phenotypic plasticity, however, helps to both avoid this problem as well as bridge the gap between competing theories into a more integrated model with solid biological foundations.     

When is it time to stop? When good enough becomes bad enough

This article draws on Winnicott’s concept of the good enough mother to discuss how to know whether a therapeutic situation is good enough to continue or bad enough to end. This dilemma is explored in terms of clinical syndromes, such as anorexia and pathological gambling, but focuses mainly on analyst-initiated endings, which are termed the ‘Casablanca dilemma’, based on an amplification of the ending of the film Casablanca. The author goes on to discuss such one-sided endings, drawing on interviews with 40 analysts and therapists about their clinical experience. A typology of bad enough endings is presented. The psychological differences between a good enough analysis as opposed to a bad enough one are explored through the ideas of Winnicott and Neumann.     

Kann Es Ein Argument Für Den Skeptizismus Geben? Das Epistemische Problem Der Irrtumsmöglichkeit

Summary  Is there any argument for scepticism? The epistemic problem of the possibility of error. Arguments for scepticism rest on the assumption that knowledge claims are fallible. For this reason the concept of knowledge appears to be questionable. Since it is necessary to distinguish doubts from possible doubts, the arguments for scepticism appear to be unconvincing. If we take it into account that we know something that is immune to doubt, we should draw the conclusion that, contrary to scepticism, knowledge claims have to be compatible with being fallible. Thus any knowledge claim is capable of being doubted.     

The transcendent function in Spitteler’s Prometheus and Epimetheus

In August 2020, John Beebe and Steve Myers met via Zoom to discuss their differing interpretations of psychological typology and the different sources within Jung’s writings that influenced their books: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe), and Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). The discussion centred on Spitteler’s epic poem Prometheus und Epimetheus, which forms the basis of chapter V of Psychological Types. This is both the largest chapter and one of two chapters that Jung highlighted in the Argentine foreword as containing the essence of the book. Jung’s book is primarily about the transformation of personality rather than the categorization of people. Although it contains a critical psychology that deconstructs the nature of consciousness, that is only one half of the book and a stepping-stone to the other half, which is the reconciliation of opposites with particular emphasis on the relation of consciousness and the unconscious. Jung assumed that readers were already familiar with Prometheus und Epimetheus, an understanding of which sheds light on the nature of the transformation that Jung described – the development of a new attitude towards attitude itself.     

Chapter 6: Biblical Foundations for a Practical Theology of Aging

SUMMARY

This article reviews Biblical sources pertaining to the elderly, particularly the frail elderly. Founded on these sources, implications for elderly with Alzheimer's Disease and other forms of dementia are addressed through a personal perspective informed by writings of Christian mystics.     

Seeing in the Dark: A View into Dissociation and Healing

In this paper, I will explore the role of art-making, the experience of trauma and dissociation, and the process of working with self-states from an analytic and creative frame. Relevant literature on dissociation, trauma, and the use of art will be discussed. A case involving my work with an adolescent girl who had experienced sexual abuse from a family member will be shared, with an emphasis on the meaningful role images played during the therapeutic process. Both Jungian and psychoanalytic models of conceptualizing and working with dissociation are included, following Donald Kalsched’s (2013) recommendation for a “binocular stance” to treatment, including both a focus on the inner, intrapsychic world and the interpersonal, relational realm, and how art images both illuminated and expressed these realms. Within the therapeutic process, art images allowed the therapist a view into the client’s unconscious process, and created a meeting ground for dissociative barriers to be gradually seen, felt and known, by both therapist and client. The experience of dissociation, in images and in session, provided a reference point for myself and my client, Taylor, to develop a shared understanding and a framework for growth.