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反语认知的神经-心理机制研究及其进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
反语是指使用与本意相反的语句表达本意的修辞形式.从脑损伤者和神经发展异常者(包括精神分裂症和孤独症患者)角度,介绍了反语认知神经心理机制的研究,评述了现有研究并指出未来研究的方向. 相似文献
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以态度、话语含义和语言现象探测为测量指标,探讨语调对6~10岁儿童不同类型反语认知的影响。结果表明:(1)6~10岁是儿童反语认知能力迅速提高的时期,这不仅表现在儿童对说话人态度和话语含义的理解上,还表现在儿童对反语现象的解释上。但是儿童在反语认知的不同方面表现出发展的不平衡性,6岁儿童已能初步理解反语中说话人的态度和话语的含义,但还不能正确解释反语现象;直至10岁,儿童解释反语现象的能力仍在发展之中。(2)语调(中性语调和强调语调)影响儿童对他人态度和话语含义的理解,在强调语调下,儿童能更好地理解说话人的态度和话语的含义;但语调不影响儿童对语言现象的解释。(3)儿童对不同类型反语(反语批评和反语恭维)认知水平不同,6岁儿童对两类反语的态度判断、话语含义判断和语言现象解释均不存在显著差异;8岁和10岁儿童对两类反语的态度判断和话语含义判断也不存在显著差异,但在语言现象解释上存在显著差异。与反语恭维相比,8岁和10岁儿童能更好地解释反语批评 相似文献
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他人期望类型对6~10岁儿童不同类型反语认知的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以态度、话语含义和语言现象探测为指标,探讨他人期望类型对6~10岁儿童不同类型反语认知的影响。结果表明:⑴他人期望类型(内隐和外显)影响儿童对他人态度和话语含义的探测,但不影响语言现象探测;⑵儿童在反语认知不同方面表现出发展的不平衡性。6岁儿童已具备初步的反语认知能力,开始能够理解反语中说话者的态度和话语含义,但还不能正确解释反语现象。直至10岁,儿童对反语现象的解释能力仍在发展中。⑶儿童对不同类型反语认知水平不同。6岁儿童对两类反语的解释不存在显著差异,8岁和10岁儿童对两类反语解释均存在显著差异。与反语恭维比,8岁和10岁儿童能更好地解释反语批评。 相似文献
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运用元分析的方法考察语境在反语理解中的作用及其相关的调节因素。通过文献检索,共搜集了13篇有效文献,16项实验数据,包含了806名被试。结果发现:(1)在反语理解正确率指标上反语明显比字面语更难理解,语境与目标反语不一致会产生额外推理过程,导致反语理解相对困难。(2)目标区反语和字面语在第一遍阅读时间指标上没有差异,但是在回视路径阅读时间和总阅读时间指标上反语的加工时间显著更长,这表明语境在反语加工的后期产生了作用,读者需要在加工后期对反语进行重新分析和整合,这一结果基本符合模块化理论的预测。(3)熟悉性对目标区的第一遍阅读时间和总阅读时间产生了调节作用,表明不管语境强度如何,熟悉的意义首先被加工,这一结果与分级显著性假设的预测基本一致。 相似文献
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滑稽一般是以指言语和动作引人发笑。有的滑稽只会使人感到轻浮而流于油滑,但有的滑稽却会使人在笑中完成对对象情感性的审美评价或否定,产生滑稽美。语言表达借助修辞表现滑稽美。而反语式大多表现一种滑稽美。在一定情况下,它比正说直说更有力量。为什么反语大多能表现一种滑稽美呢?探其原因,在于反语有着明显的反逻辑现象。首先反语的反逻辑现象可以表现在概念的运用上违背了逻辑的矛盾律。比如: ①、中国军队屠戮妇婴的伟绩,八国联军惩罚学生的武功,不幸全被这几缕血痕抹杀了。(《纪念刘和珍君》) 相似文献
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近年来,学习和记忆的神经机制研究有了很大的发展,在分子水平和细胞水平上都取得了好成绩,开辟了新的研究途径。学习记忆的神经机制研究是神经生理和生理心理的新兴研究领域。这一研究领域还有神经化学、神经解剖、神经药理、动物学、临床神经学乃至信息论和控制论等多种学科的参加。一些新兴学科,如神经科学、神经生物学、 相似文献
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Brad Frazier 《The Journal of religious ethics》2004,32(3):417-447
Søren Kierkegaard's thesis, The Concept of Irony, contains an interesting critique of pure irony. Kierkegaard's critique turns on two main claims: (a) pure irony is an incoherent and thus, unrealizable stance; (b) the pursuit of pure irony is morally enervating, psychologically destructive, and culminates in bondage to moods. In this essay, first I attempt to clarify Kierkegaard's understanding of pure irony as “infinite absolute negativity.” Then I set forth his multilayered critique of pure irony. Finally, I consider briefly a distinctly theological component in Kierkegaard's critique. I argue that this feature of Kierkegaard's account can and should be distinguished from the broadly ethical critique of pure irony that I sketch in the second section, even if these components of Kierkegaard's position are found together as a unified whole in The Concept of Irony. My overall goal in this essay is to reveal the subtlety and plausibility of Kierkegaard's critique of pure irony. I also attempt to disclose the richness of the Hegelian account of ethical life to which Kierkegaard recurs in his thesis. 相似文献
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Harry Trosman 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2009,90(3):581-593
Edward Gibbon, the author of The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, has been widely recognized as a master of irony. The historian's early life with parents he found self-serving and unreliable, his reaction to the events surrounding the death of his mother at the age of 9 and the decline of his father, left an impact on his personality and played a role in determining his choice of his life work. Irony has been approached from a psychoanalytic perspective as a mode of communication, as a stylistic device, as a modality through which one might view reality and as a way of uncovering the linkage between pretense and aspiration, between the apparent and the real. Gibbon's ironic detachment can be understood as rooted in his life history. He felt detached from his family of origin, in need of a protective device which would enable him to deal with passion. Sexual and aggressive impulses mobilized defensive postures that were later transformed into an attitude of skepticism and an interest in undercutting false beliefs and irrational authority, positions he attributes to religious ideation which served to instigate historical decline. 相似文献
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《游叙弗伦》讨论的是虔敬,然而,要真正理解虔敬的意义以及虔敬在两位对话人身上的表现,苏格拉底的反讽是关键。何以认定对话中暗含苏格拉底的反讽?除了其中众多不可小视的细节,还可以从二人定义虔敬的整个过程中发现某些意味深长的标记。由于反讽的运用,虔敬问题变得更复杂了;反过来,借着对虔敬的讨论,苏格拉底的反讽也展示了它多层面的意义。 相似文献
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Matt Waggoner 《文化与宗教》2013,14(2):237-261
At the intersection of feminism, postcolonial studies, and religious studies, this essay engages Saba Mahmood's critique of universalistic ethics and post-structural feminism. It contrasts Mahmood's ‘ethical embodiment’ with a concept of ‘ethical irony’, offering examples of the latter from literature (Brecht, Baudelaire) and cultural theory (Carolyn Steedman, Judith Butler, Michel Foucault). Its thesis is that ethical irony signifies modes of critical engagement that are not premised on notions of metaphysical subjectivity or abstract rules, but may nonetheless be cross-culturally translatable. One specific formulation of ethical irony considered concerns the figure of injurable bodies. At once material (bodily) and transcendental (unknown injuries from unknown sources, or the possibility of injury), injurable bodies the irreducibility of ethics to the purely abstract and the purely empirical. Finally, the defence of ethical irony speaks to the viability of upholding what Foucault called the ‘critical attitude’ as a cross-cultural norm. 相似文献
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Verbal irony relies on contrast, that is, incongruity between the situational context and the ironic assertion. But is the degree of contrast related to the perceived humorousness of ironic comments? We answered this question by conducting two experiments. In the first experiment, participants were asked to read a list of sentence pairs (ironic or control) and judge the extent to which the meaning of the first sentence contrasted with that of the second. In the second experiment, participants were invited to rate the humorousness of ironic comments compared with their literal counterparts. Results showed that ironic remarks were rated as more contrasting and more humorous than their literal counterparts, but that humour only emerged from a moderate contrast. 相似文献
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Patricia Rockwell 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》2000,29(5):483-495
Previous studies have examined verbal rather than vocal aspects of irony. The present study considers how vocal features may cue listeners to one form of irony--sarcasm. Speakers were recorded reading sentences in three conditions (nonsarcasm, spontaneous sarcasm, posed sarcasm) with the resulting utterances filtered to remove verbal content. Listeners (n = 127) then rated these filtered utterances on amount of sarcasm. Results indicated that listeners were able to discriminate posed sarcasm from nonsarcasm but not spontaneous sarcasm from nonsarcasm. An analysis of the vocal features of the utterances as determined by perceptual coding indicated that a slower tempo, greater intensity, and a lower pitch level were significant indicators of sarcasm. 相似文献