Embracing mental illness: do education and contact make any difference in help-seeking intention among Pakistani students?

Those suffering from mental illness usually fall victim to stigmatization and the resulting discrimination. This study aims at finding out whether students differ in their attitudes based on the courses studied and previous contact with mentally ill. Using purposive sampling technique, 236 students from seven departments of University of Karachi were selected for this study. They were divided into three groups based on their educational background i.e. “psychology group”, “allied group” and “other group”. Community Attitude towards Mental Illness (CAMI) Scale along with a demographics sheet were administered to the participants. Using SPSS version 23, one-way ANOVA was carried out between educational groups and responses of CAMI sub-scales. Results indicated that in comparison to the other two groups, attitudes of psychology students were lower on authoritarianism, social restrictiveness subscales and higher on community mental health ideology subscale. Results are discussed in detail.     

心理疾病内隐污名述评

心理疾病内隐污名是个体无法内省或精确识别的与心理疾病有关的痕迹, 它潜在地调节着个体对心理疾病患者的观念和行为。心理疾病内隐污名的主要测量方法包括内隐联想测验、简式内隐联想测验、启动任务和生理心理测量。当前该研究领域集中在内隐污名的成分、公众内隐污名、自我内隐污名、去污名化评估等方面。未来研究可从心理疾病内隐污名的构成与结构、认知神经基础、测量整合和本土化等角度做进一步探讨。     

Emotional impacts of participation in an Australian national survey on mental health-related discrimination

Institutional Review Boards have expressed concern that research into sensitive topics such as mental disorder will cause participants undue distress. This study investigated the emotional responses of 5,220 Australians to a survey on mental-health-related discrimination. Participants were interviewed about their mental health and experiences of discrimination across 10 life domains and then the emotional impacts of the survey. Results suggested that a minority experienced a negative reaction (2.8% felt depressed, 5.3% distressed, 9.5% reported intrusion on privacy, 2.5% regretted participation) in contrast to 88% reporting positive experiences. A mental health problem was associated with both negative and positive reactions.     

污名对大学生心理求助行为的影响

大学生群体的心理健康问题是全社会一个不容忽视的问题,然而,由于心理疾病的污名化,大学生为了避免自己和家人遭受歧视而回避求助,本文通过文献调查法,探讨污名的内涵、影响因素、污名的分类及对大学生心理求助行为的影响,提出对策减少心理疾病污名感,提高大学生心理求助行为,促进大学生心理健康。     

污名现象及其心理效应

污名本质上是一种消极的刻板印象,是社会对某些个体或群体贬低性的、侮辱性的标签,对被污名者有着深刻的影响。文章从三个方面对污名的相关研究做了简要的回顾。首先介绍了几种污名的相关定义;然后介绍了污名的心理效应,包括污名他人的功能,污名对群体和个体的影响,以及社会公众对污名的态度和应对过程;第三介绍了两个污名研究的主要领域：一个是污名群体知觉、应对歧视规律的污名歧视研究,另一个是可隐匿污名的相关研究,如隐匿污名的心理过程,隐匿的情绪反应以及揭示污名的心理意义等。最后,提出了未来研究的几点展望,可隐匿污名的相关研究,内隐社会认知研究和消除污名消极影响的干预研究     

心理疾病污名社会表征公众影响初探

在中国文化背景下对心理疾病污名社会表征的公众影响进行了初步探讨。在全国12个省市对1028名普通公众进行问卷调查。结果发现,心理疾病污名社会表征的不同维度分别对公众接近、帮助心理疾病患者的意愿和专业心理求助意愿产生正面或负面的影响。公众污名感知在社会表征影响行为意愿过程中起中介作用。     

心理疾病污名形成理论述评

心理疾病污名是加诸于患者身上的耻辱标记,妨碍患者的治疗和康复。心理疾病污名的成因理论包括功能主义和生物文化两个派别,污名的发展模型解释了污名的形成过程,身份威胁模型对污名的作用机制进行了阐述。通过抗议、教育和接触可以有效地减少污名。在中国开展相关研究应注重分析传统文化、心理疾病类型与污名的关系,探讨各种减少污名策略的可行性     

国外心理疾病烙印影响研究概述

心理疾病污名足加诸在心理疾病患者身上的耻辱标记,世界卫生组织2001年指出"心理和行为障碍患者康复的最大阻碍就是社会对他们的污名和与之相连的歧视".作者对国外污名领域的研究进行了回顾,论述了心理疾病污名的概念、有关其影响机制的理论和实证研究.从公众污名和自我污名两方面论述了污名对心理疾病患者的影响以及消除污名的方法.     

基于语义差异量表的心理疾病外显与内隐污名的结构及关系

采用语义差异法编制心理疾病污名语义差异量表,用于测量外显污名,并用语义差异量表的词对作为单类内隐联想测验的材料,测量内隐污名,用这两类材料研究外显污名与内隐污名的结构及关系。结果表明：外显污名的三维度模型具有良好的拟合度（χ²/df=2.99, RMSEA=0.075, CFI=0.918, TLI=0.902）;内隐污名的三维度模型也具有良好的拟合度（χ²/df=2.272, RMSEA=0.071, CFI=0.857, TLI=0.833）,且与外显污名的结构相同,都由认知评价、情感体验、行为反应三维度构成;心理疾病污名的外显认知评价与内隐认知评价存在显著相关（r=0.436）,外显污名与内隐污名的其它维度之间均不存在显著相关。     

“Decoding MH”—A de-stigmatization campaign in the Hong Kong Police Force

Police officers are under high level of stress given the intense and emergent work nature. If left untreated, their mental wellbeing would be at risk and work performance compromised. However, mental health stigma is common among police officers and is perpetuated by factors like police cultures emphasizing toughness and self-reliance. In view of this, since 2016, the Hong Kong Police Force had launched a holistic campaign for Force members which was the first among law enforcement organizations in Hong Kong, aiming to reduce stigma, by enhancing mental health knowledge and decreasing negative attitudes and behaviors towards mental health issues. The programme incorporated standardised trainings of the Mental Health First Aid course with examples modified to the local police context, and psychoeducation via the use of digital medium and sharing by public figures. Positive feedback was received. It was foreseen that the campaign effects would increase Force members' awareness of their mental health, encourage help-seeking and facilitate officers' decision making when encountering crises in the community.     

The stigma of having a parent with mental illness: Genetic attributions and associative stigma

Children often report associative stigma because they are ‘contaminated’ by association with a parent who has a mental illness. An exploratory study was conducted to investigate the role of genetic attributions in the aetiology of associative stigma. The first hypothesis was that genetic attributions would predict associative stigma over and above the contribution of biochemical and stressful‐event attributions, while the second hypothesis was that the relationship between genetic attributions and associative stigma would be mediated by the perceived likelihood that children would develop the same disorder as their parents. Two‐hundred‐and‐two individuals were asked to read a hypothetical scenario describing a teenage girl whose mother had been diagnosed with either schizophrenia or depression. Both hypotheses were supported. The findings of the study have implications for a number of professions working in the community such as teachers and psychologists. Additional avenues for future research are also explored.