Gestion d’une transition et impact sur l’état de santé du personnel

This article is about a case of successful introduction of a technological change in a police department. It presents the links observed between the approach used to manage the transition and the perception that end-users reported regarding their stress, their health condition, and their efficiency at work. End-users of the new system reported a high level of satisfaction towards the method used, with few problems related to their stress, their health condition, and their global efficiency. People who reported such problems also reported more problems integrating the change. Close guidance provided to workers at field level and active support to enhance a fast mastering of the new skills seem to have played a major role.     

L’impact de la reconnaissance organisationnelle sur la santé psychologique au travail des répartiteurs d’urgence

The purpose of this research is to measure the relationships between organizational recognition and workplace psychological health for emergency dispatchers by a predictif correlational design. Data collected from a secure online questionnaire sent to dispatchers via four emergency call centers (n = 155) measured psychological health at work (Gilbert et al., 2011) and organizational recognition (Brun and Dugas, 2005). The results of multiple linear regression analyses partially confirmed the hypothesized links between the two variables: they attested that organizational and co-worker recognition partially explained psychological well-being at work (R² = .25, p < .001) and psychological distress at work (R² = .30, p < .001) among emergency dispatchers.     

L’adhésion des populations immigrantes à la valeur de l’autonomie véhiculée en santé publique

Autonomy, a basic ethical value in public health, is regularly put under pressure by the demands of empowerment, rights of individuals and healthy communities. This article describes the results of a study about the support of non-immigrants and immigrants subjects (n?=?137) from the Montreal area on the value of autonomy conveyed in six public health programs. The results indicate that non-immigrants Quebecers and longstanding immigrants differ from recent immigrants concerning activities about commitment of fathers, poverty families, screening for sexually transmitted diseases and treatment of tuberculosis.     

Le droit à la protection de la santé dans l’alinéa 11 du Préambule de 1946 : les impacts en termes de solidarité

The right to health protection is recognized as a constitutional objective. This includes guaranteeing an equal access to health care without any discrimination. The implementation of this right is a difficult task due to geographical and socioeconomic inequalities. In many situations, the public health sector is experiencing financial crises. The problems concerning health access seem to be mounting and could jeopardise the principle of solidarity which is the foundation of the health system.     

Effets de l’expression d’embarras et de la personnalité du candidat sur l’évaluation,la réaction comportementale et la décision d’embauche du recruteur

Job interview is a standardized situation that carries high stakes and involves impression management tactics. When an incident occurs in such a situation it could create embarrassment. Usually the expression of this self-conscious emotion positively affects others’ judgment. The aim of this study is to know whether this positive effect could also be observed in a job interview and whether it may vary depending on how embarrassment is expressed and with the personality of the job applicant. Contrary to what it is observed in an ordinary context, the absence of expression is favored by the recruiters; the expression of embarrassment is rather negatively perceived, especially when it is not controlled. The issue of emotional expressivity during interview will be discussed.     

Psychologie communautaire et psychologie de la santé : l’implication de la recherche psychosociale dans la promotion de la santé

This paper presents the issues and main principles of community psychology and community research as well as associated relationships and viewpoints in terms of health psychology and social psychology. In this perspective, the paper presents the context in which community psychology has emerged and its fundamental principles such as empowerment, community involvement and the ecological model. Using two examples of research in prevention of HIV infection, the paper leads to a greater comprehension of how a particular community-based approach to involve affected populations may be particularly relevant, not only to better understand their beliefs and behaviors but also to try to encourage them to change current behaviors or generate new ones. Research with adolescents involved in promoting condom use illustrates the use of psychosocial models of behavior change through a community approach. A second research focus on medical and psychosocial innovation through the use of non-routine, rapid screening tests for HIV - which are neither carried out nor supervised by medical personnel - aims to highlight the impact of the development of preventive action by directly concerned communities. The article aims to present the innovative methodological and epistemological issues which underpin community research.     

Effet du télétravail sur la santé psychologique et la performance des travailleurs durant la pandémie de la Covid-19

The aim of this study was to examine how the widespread use of telework during the COVID-19 pandemic may have created a specific work context influencing employees’ psychological health and performance. Results of analyses conducted on a sample of 3771 Canadian teleworkers revealed that telework created additional demands such as task interdependence and professional isolation. These demands had negative effects on telework performance by increasing the frequency of perceived stress. However, the presence of resources such as organizational support appeared to play a buffering role in moderating the direct effect of professional isolation on telecommuting performance.     

Échelle du fatalisme en santé version française (EFS-VF) : une validation de l’échelle du fatalisme en santé

IntroductionFatalistic beliefs have a deleterious effect on the adoption of healthy behaviours and well-being of individuals. In health domain, there are tools in the literature to measure those beliefs in several cultures, but none are suitable for an African context, precisely in Cameroon.ObjectiveThis study aimed to validate the French-cultural version of the 20-item health fatalism scale of Shen et al. in a Cameroonian population.MethodIn a sample of 652 participants (331 women and 321 men) aged from 15 to 61 years, this scale was translated, adapted and its psychometric qualities assessed.ResultsExploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that in the Cameroonian context, a four-dimensional model with 18 items was more adjusted. The extracted factors were: luck, ineluctability of disease, pessimism and pre-determination.ConclusionThe health fatalism scale French version can be used effectively to evaluate fatalistic beliefs in the African context precisely in Cameroon, in order to adapt community health interventions aimed at eradicating risky behaviours.     

Le développement contemporain des régimes juridiques des conflits d’intérêts : l’exemple du secteur de la santé

The conceptualization of conflicts of interests and deployment of their regulatory systems are primarily modes of economic and managerial health control. When did the legal regime of conflicts of interests, which formalizes the process, clash with the conditions of professional practice? Not all assumptions of friction or opposition of interests necessarily constitute a conflict of interests. All public sector professionals have interests but not all their interests generate conflicts. The aim of public declaration of interests is to reveal the relations of interest in order to allay suspicion. Most frequently in the form of soft law system, the declaration of interests is a way of warning about the existence of a “grey zone” or time of deontological risk. It was changed by the law of 29 December 2011     

Étude de l’influence de la dynamique interlocutoire,entre acteurs de la promotion et éducation pour la santé et publics cibles,sur leur changement d’attitude

The central assumption underlying this study is that social representations and attitudes to risk expressed in an awareness session to prevention messages would function of the socio-affective dynamics of the group. The collection of data was conducted with 70 focus groups. The variation of the heterogeneity or homogeneity of the groups allows to assessing the impact of this factor on the developments in these groups. The results obtained by the analysis of content of the exchanges in the groups (with a factorial analysis exploratory realized from an analysis to main components) allow to understanding the dynamics of the evolution of these representations along the interaction in the groups and to propose a qualitative evaluation of these sessions.     

Une étude sur le rôle modérateur des traits de personnalité sur la relation entre les conditions de l’organisation du travail et la détresse psychologique

This study is about psychological distress lived by Canadian workers. Only a few studies considered personal traits in the comprehension of this phenomenon. This study aims to determine the moderator role of self-esteem, the sense of control and the sense of cohesion on the relation between the work organization conditions and psychological distress. Some longitudinal data (n=7338 workers) coming from five cycles (1994-2003) of the National Population Health Survey (NPHS) have been used to complete some multilevel analysis (n1=time and n2=individual). The results indicate that the sense of control and the sense of cohesion play a moderator role on the relation between some of the work organization conditions and the level of psychological distress.     

Un produit de santé peut-il changer de statut au gré des circonstances ? Éléments de réflexion avec l’exemple précis du savon

Soap is a cosmetic product in common use during this pandemic period. It enables barrier gestures to be carried out. Capable of preventing pathology (COVID-19), it should, therefore, be marketed under a drug status. If we consider the history of soap, we realize the complexity of its status. Depending on the period, it has been considered as a hygiene product and/or as an excipient or an active ingredient allowing the production of a drug or cosmetic making it possible to treat both scabies and burns, to carry out purges or to put at the point of preparations to soften or whiten hands or to lengthen eyelashes. The use of the term “soap”, being extremely overused, the establishment of regulations to clarify this situation is essential.     

Intervenir en clinique de l’activité sur la qualité du travail dans l’organisation. Le cas du service de propreté d’une grande collectivité

This article aims to inform the intervention process and the institution of conflictuality around the criteria on quality of work in an Activity Clinic perspective. From the example of a recent intervention in sanitary service of a big city, this article instructs this process when the conflictuality around the criteria of quality of work can be instituted in the organization. When field professionals can do more authority on their activity in the organization, we then witness in action a modification of their role in decision process, regarding their own work. The article concludes with the contribution of the results produced to current reflections on the union work actuality.