L’effet d’une procédure engageante par étapes sur la sensibilisation des salariés au projet d’amélioration continue

The purpose of this research was to study the impact of committing procedures aiming at encouraging the involvement in an organisational continuous improvement project. With a research with two steps, some experimental groups of employees were integrated in a committing system. The number of committing procedures used was different between the groups. Attitudinal and behavioural measures showing the commitment in the project were used as dependent variables. The findings show that the involvement of employees in the project is influenced by the level of commitment used. It was noted that the level of commitment impacts the behaviours but no effect on attitudes was noticed. What is at stake in the applications of this psychosocial theory in organisational projects is questioned.     

Féminisation des professions : effet de la représentativité des femmes sur la réussite aux évaluations professionnelles

This study, conducted with militaries, examines the effects of having a job in a counter-stereotypical environment on women's success in professional evaluations, depending on the feminization rate of their professions. The scores of 1050 women and 1011 men in an examination have been analyzed. Both intergroup variability, women have lower scores than men whatever the nature of the questions, and intragroup variability, women have different level of performance in technical knowledge depending on the feminization rate of their profession, have been noticed. This research questions the role of assessment measures in regards to professional inequalities and the way feminization must be considered in traditionally male organizations.     

Dissonance émotionnelle et bien-être dans la profession infirmière : le rôle médiateur des stratégies de régulation émotionnelle

The purpose of this study is to contribute to understanding the role of emotional regulation strategies in the relationship between emotional dissonance and well-being at work. The study was conducted on a sample of 559 nurses from two Algerian hospitals. The results indicate that emotional dissonance has a negative relationship with work engagement and job satisfaction. Attentional deployment and expressive suppression play a mediating role in this relationship. Emotional work can be understood as an important mechanism in the relationship between dissonance/well-being at work.     

L’entraînement cognitivo-perceptif basé sur la vidéo et ses modes d’instructions

This literature review examines both the effectiveness of simulation training video to improve decision-making of athletes and secondly, the benefits of explicit, implicit and guided instructions used during video-based perceptual training. Thus, it is shown that video-based perceptual training improves cognitive and perceptual skills resulting in decrease in decision time and increase in decision's accuracy in simulations and field. Furthermore, the benefits of explicit approaches in early stage of learning to promote rapid acquisition of knowledge is highlighted. On the other hand, it is suggested that implicit approaches will be more conducive to the experts to ensure that they “reinvest” their knowledge in stressful situations. Finally, it is envisaged that guided approaches are relevant alternatives to explicit and implicit approaches.     

L’expérience étudiante de la transition : adultes en reprise d’études versus jeunes bacheliers

In a context of development of the learning society, characterized by increasing and diversifying public received to university, this research aims to understand the student's experience of adults undertaking a university program and young graduates. Three transitional processes (Masdonati & Zittoun, 2012) were studied: identity adjustment, development of skills, and meaning making. The analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted at the University Paris Ouest at the end of the first semester with twenty students shows that young graduates evoke a quest for adult identity, and gradual empowerment, and adults who undertaking a university program evokes identity et behavioral changes.     

Norme d’internalité et libéralisme : impact du contexte de jugement sur la valorisation des explications internes

Two studies were conducted in order to test the hypothesis of an effect of context on the valorization of internal causal-explanations in work-related judgments. Participants evaluated four candidates to a job in an enterprise characterized by a liberal versus an authoritative management style. The four candidates adopted different explanations profiles, stressing internal explanations (Efforts or Traits) or external explanations (Situation or Luck). The first study (n = 86) implicated recruitment decision in the organization and the second one (n = 81), a promotion decision. In both studies, results showed a more positive evaluation of the two internal profiles, particularly of the Efforts profile. Results of the first study indicated that the differentiation between the profiles and the interjudge agreement were stronger in the liberal context than in the authoritative context.     

Développement des collectifs de travail et développement de la sécurité : une étude sur les décisions à risque en anesthésie

This article highlights the collective dimensions of risk management for patients before an anesthesia. After a phase of observation of real activity, interviews were conducted with 20 anesthetists from two French hospitals. The analysis reveals interindividual diversity in practices. This diversity is explained by the inclusion, in decisions, of knowledge about “distributed” skills in the team and about local “shared practice”. The results establish a link between the site where the anesthetists are working and the choice of an anesthetic technique. They also show that the positioning of anesthetist vis-à-vis the “shared practice” is significantly related to their seniority in the profession. These results open perspectives for research and intervention for the joint development of collective work and safety.     

L’indépendance émotionnelle à la mère et au père en lien avec la détresse psychologique chez les jeunes femmes

Women aged from 18 to 25 years old are a group particularly at risk to experience elevated psychological distress. However, only a few studies have documented developmental factors associated with this variable for this population, especially in regard to emotional independence to mother's and father's individuation. The aim of the study is to explore the association between emotional independence to each parent, referring to the underlying emotional aspect related to the distance toward each parent, and psychological distress. The sample includes 1716 French-Canadian college women aged from 18 to 25 who completed an online survey. Results confirm the high prevalence of psychological distress among this population. Emotional independence to mothers and fathers are found to be moderately correlated. However, the mean emotional independence to mothers is significantly lower than the emotional independence to fathers. The results also suggest that low emotional independence, even to only one of parents is associated with higher levels of distress among young women. In contrast, levels of middle and high emotional independence from both parents are associated with lower levels of distress. The findings support the association between emotional independence to each parent and psychological distress. Empirically, further studies should distinguish between mother's and father's emotional independence. Clinically, these results emphasize the need to works patient's emotional independence to both parents.     

Qualité des débats sur le travail : la confiance en question

The National Interprofessional Agreement of 2013 on the quality of life at work shows a willingness to institute discussion spaces allowing employees to express themselves on the quality of their work. This questions the modalities of the discussion for those who initiate it as well as for those who participate in it, trust seeming to be indispensable in order to allow for transparency and debate. The authors propose to take a further step from the analysis of a professional controversy by identifying the need to share common assumptions among peers to develop debates.     

Impact de la pandémie liée au COVID-19 sur la pratique des jeux vidéo selon la personnalité et le type de passion dans une population adulte

IntroductionThe pandemic linked to Covid-19 has changed the daily habits of the population. In this context, some activities have been favored, sometimes even encouraged, such as the use of video games.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on video game use taking into account the type of passion and personality.MethodA mixed methodology was used. In addition to the amount of gaming use, the Big Five Inventory was used to assess personality and the Passion Scale to distinguish the type of passion according to the dualistic model. A semi-structured interview made assessed the impact of confinements on gaming use and the gamer's feelings during this period. Among the 137 gamers (mean age 30.26) who completed the self-questionnaires, 10 participated in the semi-structured interview.ResultsWhatever the type of passion, gaming use increased during the lockdown period (in frequency and time). A negative relationship was found between Openness and gaming use during the week before and during the pandemic, as well as with obsessive passion. Qualitative data showed that gaming use emerged as an occupational activity, source of pleasure, escape from negative emotions related to the COVID-19 pandemic, and social support.ConclusionThe use of video games was mentioned by participants as an effective strategy to deal with the difficulties caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.     

L’impact de la reconnaissance organisationnelle sur la santé psychologique au travail des répartiteurs d’urgence

The purpose of this research is to measure the relationships between organizational recognition and workplace psychological health for emergency dispatchers by a predictif correlational design. Data collected from a secure online questionnaire sent to dispatchers via four emergency call centers (n = 155) measured psychological health at work (Gilbert et al., 2011) and organizational recognition (Brun and Dugas, 2005). The results of multiple linear regression analyses partially confirmed the hypothesized links between the two variables: they attested that organizational and co-worker recognition partially explained psychological well-being at work (R² = .25, p < .001) and psychological distress at work (R² = .30, p < .001) among emergency dispatchers.     

La gestion des émotions et ses déficits,chez les personnes atteintes de douleur chronique : une revue systématisée des études relatives à l’alexithymie, à l’intelligence émotionnelle, à la régulation émotionnelle et au coping

The goal of this review is to synthesize the data of scientific literature on emotional management and its deficits in chronic pain. We used terms referenced in databases and MesH terms (of the United States National Library of Medicine) to perform a literature search in a powerful online search engine (EBSCOhost research databases). Four hundred and forty-nine papers, taken from international reviews and published of 1994 (because it is in the middle of the 1990s that this theme begins to be handle) to the end of January, 2015, are identified by a total 5 electronic databases with predefined keywords about emotions and chronic pain. Forty-six of which met the inclusion criteria, according to their title, their summary and their complete text. The findings suggest that some emotional management strategies and its deficits can maintain a vicious circle of negative emotional states with physiological and psychopathological consequences. Several studies show that alexithymia, emotional ambivalence and emotional suppression have a deleterious impact on pain, emotional distress (depression, anxiety) and disability. In spite of some contradictions concerning the nature of this effect (sensory or affective pain intensity or even duration of pain), it seems that alexithymia is a major variable implied in chronic pain. Inversely, experiential acceptance has a beneficial effect on psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress). Emotional disclosure (of stressful or traumatic events) can decrease pain intensity but not disability and mental health. Likewise, emotional expression in daily life seems beneficial, but when the expression of the positive and negative feelings are distinguished, emotional expression of negative feelings increases pain, disability and distress. The whole of these findings emphasize the need to further research about emotional management in chronic non-cancer pain. It is necessary to identify and control the source of potential bias. Some hypotheses have been proposed to explain these findings. In the future, it would be interesting to use a multifactorial approach to investigate the interactions between various processes of emotional management in chronic pain patients.     

Revue de la littérature sur les jeunes aidants : qui sont-ils et comment les aider ?

Young carers (YC) are children and teenagers who provide care, help or support to a relative who is ill or has a disability. This literature review aims at presenting an overview on YC. Previously published studies mainly focused on estimating YC prevalence, exploring the areas in which YC provide help, especially caring activities, as well as positive and negative consequences of the caregiving experience (social, academic, physical, and psychological consequences). Specific tools to evaluate YC have been developed for professionals and researchers. Finally, if many interventions have been proposed for YC, they have rarely been evaluated. The limits of these studies are discussed and research perspectives are suggested.     

Sécurité des patients et développement des recherches : de la loi Bertrand à la loi Jardé

The legislator has successively adopted two laws amending deeply the legal framework of research. The first one is the law “Bertrand” no. 2011-2012 of 29 December 2011 on strengthening the safety of the drug and health products, which emphasizes the need for transparency of links of interest and opens wider opportunities for using post-marketing authorization trials. The second one is the law “Jardé” no. 2012-300 of March 5, 2012 on researches involving the human person, reforming all the rules governing researches and which establishes a national commission of researches involving the human person. If the first one is a clear move towards strengthening the protection of patients in research, it is possible to be more reserved about the effects of the latter, which seems more oriented towards an easing of constraints on researchers.     

L’animation des collectifs visant la prévention des RPS : étude d’un processus d’intervention en milieu hospitalier

This article presents an intervention process aiming at the prevention of PSRs: diagnosis followed by the development of an action plan produced during three collective meetings. Each meeting is based on a particular type of animation (with reminders focused on causes, with reminders on the solutions and enriched with the psychologist's expertise animations). The stake is to characterise each of these animation methods and to study their impact on the collective activity. The study proceeds in analysis of linguistic production produced. The intervention proceeded in a hospital setting. The development of the action plan implied a collective of 8 to 10 agents who met three times. The results show in particular that (1) style of speech is argumentative whatever either in the form of animation, (2) nature reminders and the issue of the meeting have an impact on the functional structure of the meetings and (3) reminders on the solutions lead the evocation of factual causes so that reminders focused on causes lead to identify more general causes.     

Interface travail–hors travail : la satisfaction et la perception des politiques d’aide à la conciliation,des variables déterminantes ?

Documentation refers to (work–life balance) conciliation politics either as a strategic tool, an obligation or an act of social responsibility. By means of a multiple-choice questionnaire, we questioned 331 nurses about their perception pertaining to conflict and corporate support, the role they expected employers to play with regards to work–life balance conciliation support as well as their degree of satisfaction of supportive programmes. We also analyzed commitment and job satisfaction attitudes. Results show that the perceived organizational support plays a mediatory role between work-life conciliation programmes, on the one-hand, and the commitment and satisfaction attitudes, on the other hand. However, giving a more or less important role to the employer does not influence this relationship.     

Propos sur la responsabilité scientifique du psychologue : essai d’épistémologie appliquée

As far as psychologists’ practice rests on scientific knowledge, scientific responsibility follows. To make it explicit, it is useful to detail what is meant by scientific knowledge in psychology, which consists in applying epistemology to psychology. A ternary approach to the use of knowledge is applied to identification of mental disorders, clinical evaluation of change, demonstration of an effect, and construction of objectivity in psychology. Such an analysis suggests that psychologists should be prepared to claim psychological indetermination of the singular persons of interest, in the light of current scientific knowledge.     

Empathie,contagion émotionnelle et coupure par rapport aux émotions : validation d’un test pour repérer et aider des élèves à risque

Our previous research on the prevention of violent behaviors in the school environment led to an investigation of the capacities of students in terms of emotion sharing and regulation. In a previous critical and historical study, we defined empathy in relation to other concepts such as sympathy, personal distress, emotional contagion and what we propose to call “splitting with emotions”. To put into effect this distinction, we designed a test with three components (Coupure/splitting with emotions-Empathie/empathy Contagion/emotional contagion, CEC), the validation of which we present here. Five groups of pupils (total 761) were studied with ages ranging from eight to 17 years and coming from France, Switzerland and Canada. These studies evaluated our CEC test with regard to the Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale (BEES) and other scales measuring self-esteem, anxiety, depression, social skills, delinquency and student school achievements. Answers were compared with regards to sex, major school discipline and school results. Empathy is slightly but significantly correlated with school success. Contrary to suggestions in previous studies, however, this cannot be attributed more to female subjects. “Splitting with emotions” is more developed in male subjects and “emotional contagion” is more developed in female students. It is the “splitting with emotions” component which appears to constitute an indirect indicator of the risks of developing violent behaviors.