L’hospitalisation sans consentement des malades mentaux décidément sous l’œil du Conseil constitutionnel (Commentaire de la décision no 2012-235 QPC du 20 avril 2012)

Following a referral by a patient organization, the Constitutional Council gave on 20th April 2012 a decision on the law without consent of hospitalizations for mental patients. Four sections of the Act were examined. This results in one hand that ambulatory care is now supervised by a plan of care (POC) is constitutional. However, sections that provided a more rigorous regime for certain categories of patients deemed more dangerous than others are too vague. Lawmakers need to reform this part of the law before 1st October 2013.     

L’analyse des risques psychosociaux en ESAT parmi des travailleurs en situation de handicap (TSH) : éléments de réflexion

Unlike the mainstream world of labour, studies on psychosocial risks (PSR) in Establishments and Work Assistance Services (ESAT) among workers with disabilities are scarce. Given the adverse effects of the PSR on both these workers and on the work itself, it seems essential to focus specifically on the PSR in the context of ESAT. The paper shows that the application of different theoretical models of PSR from the mainstream environment to the ESAT is possible. The health at work for people with disabilities requires taking into account the disorders influencing the identification and the mobilization of resources and skills. Working conditions in ESAT allow health promotion if they are adapted to the specificities and needs of people with disabilities.     

Travailler l’acceptation de la maladie en éducation thérapeutique : exemple d’une intervention « ateliers théâtre » pour des personnes porteuses d’un lupus

In this article, a reflection concerning the acceptance of chronic illness in patient education (PE) is proposed. The research focuses on a therapeutic theatre intervention, inspired by theatre of lived experience as proposed to people with lupus. The aim of the intervention is to enable a putting into words and a staging of events that are identified by the patient as disabling. The framework and the process of the intervention are being presented. The results of an exploratory analysis followed by a clinical case will shed light on the contribution of these workshops on the improvement of life satisfaction and illness perception as well as the understanding and the acceptance of illness by the patients and their families. The article will be concluded by the interest of this project in proposing optimized support in PE.     

Conduites évaluatives des cyber-étudiants à l’université : rôle du sentiment de communauté

Our study aims to describe and explain the diversity of students’ evaluative conducts according to socio-technical characteristics of their courses setting (face-to-face/e-learning) but also to sense of community. Our survey results based on a questionnaire administered to 195 students confirm our hypothesis. They show that e-learners are more satisfied with their training than face-to-face students are. Moreover, they point out that sense of community has a positive impact on e-learners satisfaction and on the way, they give meaning to their training according to their different spheres of activities. However, the influence of sense of community on those both dimensions is less straight to face-to-face students.     

L’évolution des facteurs prédictifs de la détresse psychologique des étudiants en contexte de Covid-19 : un modèle d’équation structurelle exploratoire

IntroductionStudents are at risk for mental health issues due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The implementation of lockdowns as a means to curb the spread of the disease have had an impact on this population, as observed in many international studies. However, few studies have investigated the longitudinal impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on students’ mental health.ObjectiveWe explored the relation between individual characteristics of students, context of life, difficulties in emotion regulation and psychological distress over the first two lockdowns in France during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methodology160 university students (90% female, mean of 24 years old) responded to an online questionnaire at three times points: once during the first lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic in march 2020, a second time after this lockdown and a third time during the second lockdown. Difficulties in emotion regulation, psychological distress, acute stress, academic concerns, financial resources, and exchanges with professors were measured.ResultsAn exploratory structural equations model was developed to investigate the factors related to psychological distress (χ² = 1459.18, df = 1064, CFI = 0.910, RMSEA = 0.049, SRMR = 0.068). During both lockdowns, psychological distress was explained by academic concerns and lack of emotional clarity and acceptance. An indirect and negative significant relation was identified between financial difficulties, lack of exchanges with professors during the first lockdown, emotion clarity and experienced psychological distress during the second lockdown. Repeated measures ANOVAs identified high levels of acute stress during both lockdowns and a diminution during the deconfinement indicating an impact of sanitary measures on student's mental health.ConclusionCoherently with the Bruchon-Sweiser translational model of stress, emotion regulation capacities seem to have a central and moderating role in the experience of the pandemic for students. They would benefit greatly from appropriate therapeutic interventions in this pandemic situation and in general.     

Validation française du test des émotions réflexives (French-TOSCA-3) : une mesure des tendances émotionnelles de honte et de culpabilité

IntroductionThis study sought to validate a French version of the Test of self-conscious affect-3 (TOSCA-3) (Tangney et al., 2000), which is a self-reporting measure of self-conscious emotions such as shame and guilt.MethodA sample of 431 undergraduates completed the French TOSCA-3 and other related psychological constructs.ResultsThe TOSCA-3 exhibited satisfactory internal, test-retest, and discriminant validity similar to the original American version. Moreover, the gender difference in shame and guilt was replicated.DiscussionThis dispositional measure of shame and guilt was the first made available in French and offers acceptable psychonometric qualities.     

Travail cognitivo-émotionnel chez des patients en soins palliatifs : étude du vécu,de la réminiscence et du silence

IntroductionFacing one's own mortality allows one to be more aware of one's life history, to make the link between one's different personal experiences and to open up to introspection, be it in exchange or in silence.ObjectiveTo collect the cognitive-emotional work taking place in palliative care patients and to appreciate the use and contribution of reminiscence as well as the place of silence in the discourse.MethodOur study is cross-sectional, exploratory and qualitative. The interviews were conducted by the psychologist using an interview guide previously defined for this study. Non-verbal elements were taken into account following the interview. Nine patients, exclusively women, with an average age of 71 years, suffering from cancer, hospitalized and who were told that their curative treatments were over, were included.FindingsAfter a thematic analysis, it appears that the patients’ concerns are mainly focused on their relationship with their end of life and death. We observe a majority of negative reminiscences as well as a diversity in their contributions. The main function of silence is emotional when the themes of the end of life and illness are discussed.ConclusionIt seems necessary to support questions about the end of life and the reminiscences that may be activated following the proximity of death. Recognition of the different types of silence must also be part of the listening skills of professionals.     

La satisfaction des attentes de soutien de l’apprenant : vers un examen nuancé de l’effet du soutien du supérieur immédiat sur le transfert des apprentissages

Supervisor support enhances transfer of training, but the process by which it operates is still unknown. One specific question remains about the distinction between expected and perceived support. This study aimed to assess the influence of expected and perceived support on transfer, as well as to examine the effect of a perception gap between these two types of support. Results obtained from 76 trainees indicate that: (1) both expected and perceived support foster transfer, (2) expected support explains a significant part of the variance of transfer in the presence of perceived support, (3) the gap between the two types of support help explain the effect of supervisor support on training transfer.     

Pourquoi les enseignants du secondaire en France ont-ils l’intention de décrocher de leur profession ou de leur établissement scolaire ? : exploration des facteurs prédictifs

The purpose of the study is to identify predictors of intention to leave the teaching profession early. The aim is to identify factors related to work requirements and/or the individual that may predict intentions to dropout to the profession or migrate to another school compared to intentions to remain a teacher. A questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics, career stage, burnout, and 34 factors related to daily work demands was completed by 193 French teachers, all tenured and practicing in secondary schools. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed 4 factors reflecting the difficulties of teaching work likely to explain the phenomenon of dropping out. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses have been used to test two adjustment models identifying the work and/or individual factors predicting the risk of dropout. Reasons for intentions to quit or migrate are different but involve working conditions. The results are discussed in relation to the international literature and recommendations are proposed.     

Développement des collectifs de travail et développement de la sécurité : une étude sur les décisions à risque en anesthésie

This article highlights the collective dimensions of risk management for patients before an anesthesia. After a phase of observation of real activity, interviews were conducted with 20 anesthetists from two French hospitals. The analysis reveals interindividual diversity in practices. This diversity is explained by the inclusion, in decisions, of knowledge about “distributed” skills in the team and about local “shared practice”. The results establish a link between the site where the anesthetists are working and the choice of an anesthetic technique. They also show that the positioning of anesthetist vis-à-vis the “shared practice” is significantly related to their seniority in the profession. These results open perspectives for research and intervention for the joint development of collective work and safety.     

Faire face à des émotions négatives intenses en protection de l’enfance : un travail émotionnel qui mobilise des processus de régulation de l’anxiété et de la colère avec le soutien de l’équipe

This research aims at a better understanding of one aspect of emotional labor in child welfare: coping with intense negative emotions. It is based on 15 interviews conducted with social workers from Child Protective Services. Results indicate that the drivers of this aspect of emotional labor are characterized by unpredictability and interpersonal conflict. They give rise to surprise, anxiety and especially anger, particularly against institutions. Emotional regulation is carried out implicitly with a professional instrumental purpose. Different strategies are mobilized sequentially: social sharing of emotions and cognitive strategies allow recovery. The team social support during informal times appears central. These results underline the role of the team and plead for the recognition and professionalization of emotional work in this sector.     

Comparaison des effets de l’immersion (« Flooding ») en imagination et de l’immersion in vivo : une étude expérimentale

This study compares the efficacy of two kinds of flooding techniques: flooding in fantasy and flooding in vivo. The aversive stimulus in this experimental study was a harmless snake. The scenes described to the flooding in fantasy group were identical to the behaviors that subjects of the flooding in vivo group were asked to do. The length of treatment was 1 h. Avoidance tests were given at different stages of the experiment. Subjective measures were also taken. Although the analysis of variance did not show any significant differences, orthogonal comparisons revealed superiority for the flooding in vivo group on the avoidance test.     

Le contrôle judiciaire des hospitalisations sans consentement et épidémie de Covid : la fin d’une procédure en trompe l’oeil ?

Since 2011, the judge of freedoms and detention (JLD) is competent to control care measures without consent. This control, although essential in order to avoid abusive deprivation of liberty, is incomplete. Faced with the health crisis, the shortcomings of this control are more noticeable in a context of violation of the rights of people hospitalized without detriment.     

Étude exploratoire de l’engagement dans un dispositif de validation des acquis de l’expérience (VAE) : le rôle des valorisations et des échanges inhérents aux différents domaines de vie

The objective of this article is to report on issues and logical commitment of individuals in a course of the validation of knowledge from experience (VAE). In this way, we analyze individual strategies at work in the desire to integrate a VAE, and the role of valuations and trade developed in different areas of life. The study was conducted among 20 candidates engaged in VAE in higher education, using semi-structured interviews. The analysis of textual data “Alceste” reveals, firstly, the existence of three logical commitment in VAE and, secondly, that these are embedded logic and served by individuals in their different times and settings of socialization. The study calls for some recommendations to address professional coaching in VAE.