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罗尔斯代际正义思想及其意蕴 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
罗尔斯的代际正义思想作为他的正义理论的重要组成部分,体现了对传统正义观的超越与发展,为人类可持续发展所进行的国际合作和国内法律、政策的制定提供了有力的理论支撑和评价标准。 相似文献
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论西方马克思主义对罗尔斯正义论的批判 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
作为当代西方自由主义正义理论的典型代表的罗尔斯的正义论 ,自其在 2 0世纪 70年代提出后就遭到了来自西方马克思主义思想阵营的尖锐批判。西方马克思主义者指认罗尔斯的正义论有十大错误 ,包括脱离社会生产来抽象谈论分配正义、陷入了资产阶级个人主义、不加批判地假定了社会阶级存在的永恒性 ,等等 ,同时 ,罗尔斯提出的两个正义原则也存在内在矛盾 ,是乌托邦主义的。本文即是对西方马克思主义对罗尔斯正义论的批判的一个批判性考察 相似文献
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对约翰·罗尔斯而言,正义观念的实践功能指的是它能否得到民主社会公民的一致认可,从而帮助他们在正义问题上达成共识.为了实现正义观念的实践功能,他的方法是诉诸一种抽象的组织化的理念,为民主社会的公共政治文化中互相冲突的理念和原则赋予融贯性.罗尔斯所提出的这一共识的基础,即一种正义观念,能否在现实中得到公民的认可,关键在于一种为了融贯性而做出的理论重构,相对于我们对正义的日常理解如何能够具有权威性,而罗尔斯恰恰在这个问题上有所回避.这表明,为了说明政治哲学如何能够解决我们的实践分歧,我们仍然有更多的工作要做. 相似文献
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罗尔斯在建构其正义理论体系的过程中,多次谈到马克思的思想,并从中获得重要的思想资源,并给予很高评价。正义问题是罗尔斯解读马克思的核心问题。罗尔斯对马克思正义理论的解读包括三个方面:一是通过劳动价值论批判资本主义制度的非正义性;二是通过回应国际学界关于马克思与正义问题的争论,提出马克思预设的正义观;三是分析共产主义社会作为超越正义的社会是否值得期许。罗尔斯对马克思正义理论的解读蕴含着双重维度——政治经济学批判与自由主义政治哲学,他抓住了马克思正义理论的实质,但对共产主义与正义的关系存在着根本性的误读。 相似文献
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罗尔斯《正义论》评述武汉大学哲学系伦理学专业方永1971年出版的《正义论》是美国著名哲学家约翰·罗尔斯的心血之作,它把他近20年潜心研究社会正义问题的成果发展成一个逻辑严密、条理一贯的体系,并被誉为“二次大战后伦理学、政治哲学领域中最重要的理论著作”... 相似文献
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纳斯鲍姆认为,罗尔斯的正义论没有考虑到残障者、国际领域以及非人类动物的正义问题,这主要是受限于他的正义理论和社会契约论传统对正义主体的理解和设定。因此,她提出了一种亚里士多德式的个人观,试图重新界定和拓展正义主体,并将尊严与能力联系起来;以此成为能力进路的基点,从而试图解决以上三个领域的正义问题。然而,纳斯鲍姆对于正义主体的界定与拓展存在诸多模糊和自相矛盾之处,她的能力进路亦并非是对罗尔斯正义理论和契约论传统的成功超越。 相似文献
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《正义论》之后的罗尔斯 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
(1)罗尔斯的《正义论》发表之后 ,受到了来自各方面的批评。这些批评促使罗尔斯重新考虑他的正义理论以及新自由主义。在过去的 2 0多年里 ,罗尔斯发表了一系列论文来表达其反思 ,如“作为主题的基本结构” (1978) ,“秩序良好的社会” (1979) ,以“道德理论中的康德主义建构论 相似文献
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Dennis McKerlie 《The Southern journal of philosophy》2001,39(1):119-141
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Martijn Boot 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2012,15(1):7-21
Amartya Sen argues that for the advancement of justice identification of ‘perfect’ justice is neither necessary nor sufficient.
He replaces ‘perfect’ justice with comparative justice. Comparative justice limits itself to comparing social states with
respect to degrees of justice. Sen’s central thesis is that identifying ‘perfect’ justice and comparing imperfect social states
are ‘analytically disjoined’. This essay refutes Sen’s thesis by demonstrating that to be able to make adequate comparisons
we need to identify and integrate criteria of comparison. This is precisely the aim of a theory of justice (such as John Rawls’s
theory): identifying, integrating and ordering relevant principles of justice. The same integrated criteria that determine
‘perfect’ justice are needed to be able to adequately compare imperfect social states. Sen’s alternative approach, which is
based on social choice theory, is incapable of avoiding contrary, indeterminate or incoherent directives where plural principles
of justice conflict. 相似文献
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Rainer Forst 《Metaphilosophy》2001,32(1&2):160-179
This paper argues for a conception of transnational justice that provides an alternative to globalist and statist views. In light of an analysis of the transnational context of justice, a critical theory is suggested that addresses the multiple relations of injustice and domination to be found in this context. Based on a universal, individual right to reciprocal and general justification, this theory argues for justifiable social and political relations both within and between states. In both of these contexts, it distinguishes between minimal and maximal justice and stresses the interdependence of domestic and transnational justice. On both levels, minimal justice calls for a discursive structure of justification, whereas maximal justice implies a fully justified basic social structure. 相似文献
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马克思关于生产方式决定分配方式的历史唯物主义观点是认知和建构分配公正的逻辑前提。在共产主义社会第一阶段,要以创造价值的劳动为基本尺度实行分配,即按劳分配,虽然以劳动为尺度对社会总产品进行分配的原则超越了"按资分配",但按劳分配也是特殊公正论,仍然是形式公正,是初步的、非完全意义上的实质公正。分配的实质公正——按需分配,只有在共产主义社会高级阶段才能实现。 相似文献
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Nancy S. Jecker 《The Journal of value inquiry》2007,41(2-4):165-182
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Shlomo Dov Rosen 《The Journal of religious ethics》2018,46(1):124-155
Distributive justice assumes a morally critical judgment of nature, which typically contradicts providential conceptions. Hence, simple conceptions of divine Providence cannot support distributive justice. This essay analyzes and develops a complex strand of theorizing about Providence within Jewish philosophy that is compatible with distributive justice. According to this conception, the actions of divine Providence express different and mutually exclusive considerations of justice. Therefore, the moral value of outcomes is intransitive between the situations of different people. And while each providential action is justified from an ethical perspective, the total outcome is distinct from God's ultimate desire. Human ethics responds to this disparity by redistribution. This conception of Providence also contributes to the additional issue of intergenerational justice through the concomitant idea of life missions. The classical rendering of missions creates problems, however, for distributive justice. I conclude by formulating a conception of life missions that is compatible with both distributive and intergenerational justice. 相似文献
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Robert L. Gallagher 《British Journal for the History of Philosophy》2013,21(4):667-701
In just proportional exchange, under Aristotle's theory of reciprocal justice, superior sharers in a community materially assist the weaker, and receive honour as a reward. Aristotle's economic thought is represented with a system of 18 formulae. Explained are: (1) What Aristotle means when he says that it is impossible for two sharers or their erga to be commensurable; (2) The extent to which the variables in Aristotle's proportions can be quantified. (3) What diagonal pairing ( κατ διμ?τρoν σζ?υξι?) is; (4) How need makes sharers and their erga ‘sufficiently' commensurable; and (5) Aristotle's theory of what is just in exchange. 相似文献
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