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1.
Avi Besser Gordon L. Flett Paul L. Hewitt Jonathan Guez 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2008,26(3):206-228
The current paper describes the results of an experiment in which 200 students who varied in levels of trait perfectionism
performed a laboratory task and then were assessed in terms of levels of state affect, state self-esteem, and state automatic
thoughts. Independent variables included task difficulty (high versus moderate level of difficulty) and performance feedback
independent of their actual level of performance (positive or negative). Analyses also examined objective levels of performance
(i.e., the number of errors on the task) and initial confidence in performance. Analyses showed that the experience of state
automatic thoughts involving perfectionism was associated with negative automatic thoughts, negative affective reactions,
and lower state self-esteem. Analyses of changes in mood and self-esteem showed generally that participants high in socially
prescribed perfectionism had increased levels of dysphoria and anxiety and lower levels of state self-esteem following the
experience of negative performance feedback or after having a relatively poor performance. Analyses of the physiological measures
found increased systolic blood pressure among self-oriented perfectionists who had poorer performance and among socially prescribed
perfectionists who had received negative feedback about their performance. The results for heart-rate changes yielded a less
clear pattern, though there was evidence that participants with high socially prescribed perfectionism had increased heart
rate if they received negative feedback and were relatively low in confidence. Collectively, these findings illustrate that
how perfectionists react in challenging situations varies as a function of actual performance, performance feedback, and feelings
of personal efficacy.
相似文献
Gordon L. FlettEmail: |
2.
Kirk R. Blankstein David M. Dunkley January Wilson 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2008,27(1):29-61
We examined the mediational role of self-esteem in the relation between evaluative concerns (EC) and personal standards (PS)
perfectionism, and measures of personal concerns, academic concerns, and estimated grade point average (EGPA) in 386 university
students. Self-esteem partially mediated the relation between EC perfectionism and students’ personal and academic concerns.
EC perfectionism was a weak predictor of EGPA. PS perfectionism was not related to academic concerns. Although PS was associated
with personal concerns both directly and indirectly through low levels of self-esteem in women only, these findings did not
hold when controlling for EC perfectionism. PS perfectionism had a direct positive relation with EGPA. Neither PS nor EC perfectionism
interacted with self-esteem to predict unique variance in personal or academic concerns or EGPA. The results are consistent
with our view that a perfectionism dimension that is primarily maladaptive can be distinguished from a dimension that can
be adaptive. The implications for research and treatment are considered.
相似文献
Kirk R. BlanksteinEmail: |
3.
Ellen W. Leen-Feldner Michael J. Zvolensky Joelle van Lent Anka A. Vujanovic Tina Bleau Amit Bernstein Amy Bielawski-Branch Matthew T. Feldner 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2007,29(2):69-79
The present study evaluated associations among smoking and anxiety sensitivity (fear of anxiety and anxiety related sensations)
in predicting panic attack symptomatology, somatic complaints, and depressive symptomatology in a community sample of adolescents
(ages 12 to 17 years; N=206). As predicted, the combination of high levels of anxiety sensitivity and being a current smoker predicted panic symptomatology
and somatic complaints, but not depressive symptomatology. These findings suggest anxiety sensitivity may moderate the relation
between smoking and prototypical panic psychopathology variables (panic attacks and somatic complaints) even after controlling
for gender and negative affectivity, and that these associations are specific to panic-relevant processes. The primary implication
of the study findings is that there may be segments of the adolescent population who are at relatively greater risk for panic-related
problems by virtue of individual differences in AS and smoking status.
相似文献
Ellen W. Leen-FeldnerEmail: |
4.
Greg Hajcak Martin E. Franklin Robert F. Simons Nancy J. Keuthen 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2006,28(3):177-185
The current study examined the frequency and associated distress of both hairpulling and skin picking behaviors in 1,324 college students using the Massachusetts General Hospital Hairpulling Scale (MGHHS) and Skin Picking Scale (SPS). In this sample, many participants reported significant distress secondary to both hairpulling and skin picking. Participants who endorsed relatively frequent hairpulling or skin picking (N = 72) were scheduled for a follow-up testing session to further assess the relationship between these behaviors and measures of affective distress. Compared to a control sample, the follow-up sample endorsed significantly more symptoms of anxiety and stress reactivity, and had higher scores on a measure of obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
相似文献
Greg HajcakEmail: |
5.
Commentary on the Current Status of Assessment in Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
John M. Malouff 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2009,27(2):136-140
This commentary focuses on the current status of assessment in rational-emotive and cognitive-behavior therapy, in the context
of making comments about three assessment articles published in the same journal issue. The commentary describes important
characteristics of rational-emotive and cognitive-behavior assessment measures, suggests several avenues of psychometric research
on behavioral tests of distress tolerance as clinical measures, reviews psychometric and other important properties of existing
irrational belief measures, and endorses assessment related to newly proposed anger disorder diagnoses.
相似文献
John M. MalouffEmail: |
6.
Marianna Szabó 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(3):235-245
This study investigated developmental differences in the relationship of probability and cost estimates to worrying. Adults,
younger children (M age = 8.67 years) and older children (M age = 11.06 years) rated the extent to which they worry about a list of negative social and physical outcomes and provided
subjective probability and cost estimates for the same outcomes. Adults reported worrying more about social outcomes and rated
them as less ‘bad’ (or costly) but more likely to occur than physical outcomes. Unlike adults, children in both age groups
reported worrying more about physical outcomes. However, similar to adults, they also rated social outcomes as less ‘bad’
but more likely to occur than physical outcomes. Regression analyses showed that probability ratings were the best predictors
of worry in adults, both probability and cost ratings equally predicted worry in older children, but only cost ratings predicted
worry in younger children.
相似文献
Marianna SzabóEmail: |
7.
Trait Anger and Axis I Disorders: Implications for REBT 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Wilson McDermut J. Ryan Fuller Raymond DiGiuseppe Iwona Chelminski Mark Zimmerman 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2009,27(2):121-135
Anger has a prominent role in basic theories of emotion. And while many psychiatric disorders can be conceived of as emotional
disorders (e.g., depressive disorders, anxiety disorders), there are no disorders for which anger is the cardinal feature.
We analyzed diagnostic data on 1,687 (as later) psychiatric outpatients and looked at the co-occurrence of high trait anger
(as assessed by criterion 8 of Borderline Personality Disorder) and Axis I disorders, and Borderline and Antisocial Personality
Disorders. The purpose was to examine whether dysfunctional anger met criteria necessary to be considered a valid diagnostic
category. Results showed that high trait anger was not fully accounted for by any particular Axis I diagnosis, or any set
of Axis I diagnoses, or by the combination of Axis I diagnoses and Borderline and Antisocial PDs. Trait anger also accounted
for significant amounts of unique variance in several indicators of psychiatric impairment and psychosocial functioning. We
describe the anger disorder diagnoses of Eckhardt and Deffenbacher (Anger disorders: Definition, diagnosis and treatment.
Taylor & Francis, Bristol, PA, 1995), and discuss the implications of those diagnoses for the practice of REBT and CBT.
相似文献
Wilson McDermutEmail: |
8.
Perfectionism,Hopelessness, And Suicide Ideation: Revisions to Diathesis-Stress and Specific Vulnerability Models 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kirk R. Blankstein Crystal Hillis Lumley Alison Crawford 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2007,25(4):279-319
The current study examined variables (daily hassles, self-esteem, dispositional optimism, coping modes, and perceived social
support) that could potentially moderate associations between dimensions of perfectionism and current feelings of hopelessness
and suicide ideation in university students (144 women; 61 men). Our study revealed several significant findings: (1) socially
prescribed perfectionism was a significant predictor of suicide ideation, interpersonal hopelessness, and achievement hopelessness
for both women and men; (2) self-oriented perfectionism did not have an independent relation with any of the suicide risk
outcome variables in either women or men; (3) other-oriented perfectionism was associated negatively with both current hopelessness,
particularly interpersonal hopelessness, and suicide ideation in men; (4) the cluster of proposed moderators accounted for
additional unique variance in all suicide risk variables in women but in achievement hopelessness only in men; (5) optimism
and social hassles were unique predictors but the results varied as a function of gender and outcome; (6) each perfectionism
component interacted with specific moderators to enhance or buffer the link between perfectionism and suicide risk. The findings
indicate that self-oriented and other-oriented perfectionism are possibly adaptive or maladaptive under certain conditions.
Implications for the development of comprehensive, multidimensional, integrated models of the perfectionism–suicide risk link
and for prevention and treatment in perfectionists at risk of suicide are discussed.
相似文献
Kirk R. BlanksteinEmail: |
9.
Gerhard Andersson 《Journal of religion and health》2008,47(2):176-187
In the present study a Swedish sample of 118 persons with chronic pain completed online tests on two occasions in association
with treatment trials. A three item subscale measuring praying as a coping strategy was derived from the Coping Strategies
Questionnaire (CSQ), but adapted to refer to “a higher power” instead of “God”. Measures of pain and anxiety/depression were
also included. Results revealed significant associations between praying and pain interference and impairment. Praying was
also associated with anxiety and depression scores. Results also showed that prayer predicted depression scores at follow-up,
and that follow-up prayer was predicted by pain interference at first measurement occasion. Overall, if prayer had any relation
with the other variables it was in the negative direction of more distress being associated with more praying both concurrently
and prospectively.
相似文献
Gerhard AnderssonEmail: Email: |
10.
Marian Ronan 《Pastoral Psychology》2008,56(3):321-339
The passionate response of many American Catholics to the clergy sex abuse crisis is an expression not only of legitimate
anger over the sexual abuse of children and young people by Roman Catholic priests but also of resistance to mourning the
significant losses post-immigrant American Catholics sustained in the last third of the twentieth century.
相似文献
Marian RonanEmail: |
11.
Bunmi O. Olatunji Zsolt S. Unoka Eszter Beran Bieke David Tom Armstrong 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(2):137-142
The present study examined the relationship between disgust sensitivity and symptoms of somatization, obsessive-compulsive
disorder (OCD), interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, anger/hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, and psychoticism
in a community sample. Participants (n = 121) completed the Disgust Scale-2, the Symptom Checklist-90, and the harm avoidance subscale of the Temperament and Character
Inventory. Disgust sensitivity was found to be correlated with a broad range of psychopathological symptoms. However, results
also indicated that these correlations were partially mediated by harm avoidance. That is, when controlling for levels of
harm avoidance, the association between disgust sensitivity and psychopathological symptoms was either substantially reduced
or became nonsignificant. These findings suggest that the tendency towards behavioral inhibition to avoid punishment and non-reward
may partially account for the association between disgust sensitivity and a broad range of psychopathological symptoms.
相似文献
Bunmi O. OlatunjiEmail: |
12.
Personality as a Prospective Vulnerability to Dysphoric Symptoms Among College Students: Proposed Mechanisms 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zia Lakdawalla Benjamin L. Hankin 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2008,30(2):121-131
Personality and psychopathology have long been associated; however, the mechanisms that account for this link are not well
understood. Stress generation and cognitive vulnerability are examined as potential mechanisms to explain the association
between negative emotionality and dysphoria. To evaluate these mechanisms, college students completed measures of personality,
dysfunctional attitudes, negative cognitive style, dysphoric symptoms, and negative events. Two years later the same students
reported on the occurrence of negative events and levels of dysphoric symptoms that they had experienced over the 2-year follow-up
period. Consistent with hypotheses, negative emotionality predicted prospective increases in dysphoric symptoms and the generation
of more stressors over time. Both dysfunctional attitudes and negative cognitive style interacted with these additional stressors
to predict prospective elevations in dysphoria, and these cognitive vulnerability–stress components partially mediated the
association between negative emotionality and future elevations of dysphoric symptoms.
相似文献
Benjamin L. HankinEmail: |
13.
Tony Cassidy 《Social Psychology of Education》2009,12(1):63-76
The relationship between social identity, family and school context, problem-solving style, self-esteem, health behaviour,
psychological distress, and victimisation, was explored in a quasi-experimental survey of 461 children aged between 11 and
15 years old. There was a high prevalence of victimisation (29%) in the group and 44% of those victimised scored above the
clinical cut-off on the GHQ. Victims exhibited higher levels of psychological distress, lower self-esteem, more unhealthy
behaviours, less support from parents and teachers, poorer problem-solving styles, and lower perceived social identity. Girls
had a higher prevalence of victimisation than boys. The best predictors of victimisation were sex, family situation, social
identity and problem-solving style. Some implications for interventions are discussed.
相似文献
Tony CassidyEmail: |
14.
Katrien Verstraeten Michael W. Vasey Filip Raes Patricia Bijttebier 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(3):349-361
The present study examined the relations between temperament, ruminative response style and depressive symptoms both cross-sectionally
and prospectively (1 year follow-up) in a community sample of 304 seventh- through tenth-graders. First, higher levels of
negative affectivity (NA), lower levels of positive affectivity (PA) and lower levels of effortful control (EC) were found
to be associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. Second, the association between NA and PA on the one hand and
depressive symptoms on the other was significantly moderated by level of EC (low PA and high NA are associated with depressive
symptoms only if EC is low) and these relations were moderated by sex in the cross-sectional data. In the prospective data,
T1 depressive symptoms and PA predicted T2 depressive symptoms; with EC approaching significance. Third, rumination also predicted
T1 as well as T2 depressive symptoms. Finally, support was found for a model of moderated mediation: higher levels of NA were
associated with higher levels of ruminative response style, which was in turn related to more depressive symptoms but only
in individuals with low EC and this was true for the cross-sectional as well as the prospective data albeit with noteworthy
differences in pattern. These findings confirm and extend previous findings on the associations between temperament, response
styles and depression in adolescence and, as such, add to the growing body of research providing support for the applicability
of cognitive vulnerability theories to depression in younger populations.
相似文献
Patricia BijttebierEmail: |
15.
Donald Capps 《Journal of religion and health》2009,48(3):368-380
William James presented “The Gospel of Relaxation” (James in W. James, Writings 1878–1899, 1992) to the 1896 graduating class of Boston Normal School of Gymnastics and a decade later he delivered his presidential address
“The Energies of Men” (James in W. James, Writings 1902–1910, 1987) to the American Philosophical Association. Both lectures focus on the body’s influence on emotions and on the liberating
effects of live ideas on the body’s natural energies. They also reflect his use of the popular spiritual hygiene literature
of his day to support his arguments. The first address draws on Hannah Whitall Smith’s views on disregarding our negative
emotions and on Annie Payson Call’s writings, specifically her views on relaxation; the second on Horace Fletcher’s writings,
specifically his views on anger and worry. I use these original sources to expand on key ideas in the two addresses, i.e.,
the role of imitation in altering unhealthy physiological habits and the energy-releasing role of suggestive ideas.
相似文献
Donald CappsEmail: |
16.
Two studies examined the influence of dysphoria on motivational intensity in a student sample. Participants worked on a memory
task (Study 1) or a mental concentration task (Study 2) without fixed performance standard (“do your best”). Based on their
scores on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies – Depression Scale (L. S. Radloff, 1977), dysphoric and nondysphoric students
were compared with regard to their effort-related cardiovascular reactivity during task performance. As predicted on the basis
of the mood-behavior-model (G. H. E. Gendolla, 2000) and motivational intensity theory (J. W. Brehm & E. A. Self, 1989), dysphoric
participants showed stronger cardiovascular reactivity while working on the cognitive tasks than nondysphoric participants.
In Study 1, nondysphoric participants performed better on the memory task than dysphoric participants. Theoretical implications
are discussed.
相似文献
Kerstin BrinkmannEmail: |
17.
Rolf Loeber Dustin A. Pardini Alison Hipwell Magda Stouthamer-Loeber Kate Keenan Mark A. Sembower 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(6):777-791
Relatively little is known about the factor structure of disruptive behavior among preadolescent girls. The present study
reports on exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of disruptive girl behavior over four successive data waves as rated
by parents and teachers in a large, representative community sample of girls (N = 2,451). Five factors were identified from parent ratings (oppositional behavior/conduct problems, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity,
relational aggression, and callous-unemotional behaviors), and four factors were identified derived from teacher ratings (oppositional
behavior/conduct problems/callous-unemotional behaviors, inattention, hyperactivityimpulsivity, and relational aggression).
There was a high degree of consistency of items loading on equivalent factors across parent and teacher ratings. Year-to-year
stability of factors between ages five and 12 was high for parent ratings (ICC = 0.70 to 0.88), and slightly lower for teacher
ratings (ICC = 0.56 to 0.83). These findings are discussed in terms of possible adjustment to the criteria for children's
disruptive behavior disorders found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders.
相似文献
Rolf Loeber (Corresponding author)Email: |
Dustin A. PardiniEmail: |
Alison HipwellEmail: |
Magda Stouthamer-LoeberEmail: |
Kate KeenanEmail: |
Mark A. SembowerEmail: |
18.
In this introduction we discuss the motivation behind the workshop “Towards a New Epistemology of Mathematics” of which this
special issue constitutes the proceedings. We elaborate on historical and empirical aspects of the desired new epistemology,
connect it to the public image of mathematics, and give a summary and an introduction to the contributions to this issue.
相似文献
Bernd BuldtEmail: |
Benedikt L?we (Corresponding author)Email: |
Thomas MüllerEmail: |
19.
Previous research, statistically accounting for self-construal factors and thereby eliminating widely reported culture main
effects in social anxiety scores between East Asians and European-Americans (Norasakkunkit and Kalick 2002 Culture, ethnicity, and emotional distress measures: The role of self-construal and self-enhancement. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33(1), 56–70.) suggested that social anxiety measures penalize individuals for being low on independent self-construal;
therefore, cultural differences in emotional distress according to social anxiety measures may possibly misrepresent cultural
differences in emotional well-being. In the current experimental study, 127 Japanese and 126 American participants were either
primed or not primed to access an independent mode of thought prior to filling out two commonly used measures of social anxiety
and a measure of emotional well-being. Independent priming caused social anxiety scores to decrease. Yet, independent priming
did not influence levels of self-reported emotional well-being. Furthermore, although the Japanese respondents were shown
to be more distressed according to both of the standardized social anxiety measures, this finding was actually reversed with
respect to self-reported emotional well-being. The evidence thus points to high scores on measurements of social anxiety being
directly and causally linked to low levels of independence, while no link was found between independence and emotional well-being.
相似文献
Vinai NorasakkunkitEmail: |
20.
The concept of flow is briefly reviewed and several theoretical and methodological problems related to flow research are discussed.
In three studies, we attempted to avoid these problems by measuring the experience of flow in its components, rather than
operationally defining flow in terms of challenge and skill. With this measure, we tested the assumption that experience of
flow substantially depends on the balance of challenge and skill. This assumption could only be partially supported, and,
as expected, this relationship was moderated by the (perceived) importance of the activity and by the achievement motive.
Furthermore, flow predicted performance in two of the three studies.
相似文献
Stefan EngeserEmail: |