Validation de l’adaptation française de l’échelle neuro-affective de personnalité

The Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS, Davis, Panksepp, Normansell, 2003) was designed to provide researchers and clinicians with an efficient measure of individual differences on the six factors of normal personality related to six neuronal systems involved into process of affective information that are Play, Seek, Care, Fear, Anger and Sadness systems. Spirituality has been integrated as a seventh dimension representing the most evaluated human emotion. The present article has allowed (a) to introduce the French version of ANPS and (b) to use the French version of ANPS to study the relations between the scores on ANPS to those of French version of Big Five scale. A sample (N = 412 students) completed the 112 items of French version of ANPS. The data obtained from the French study were compared to those of Neuro-Psychoanalysis 5 (2003) 57–69. Factor structure was similar, thus, the French version of ANPS provides an efficient, psychometrically sound way to measure the six personality factors in French samples. The scores on ANPS scale were also positively correlated with those obtained on Big Five scale.     

L’adaptation de l’Irvine-Minnesota Inventory-IMI au contexte français

It is widely acknowledged that encouraging walking in urban environments should be a major public health goal. This view is supported by many studies in environmental psychology, in particular those designed to identify characteristics of the urban environment that support and encourage healthy walking. This article proposes to translate the Irvine-Minnesota Inventory (IMI), a well-established instrument, carefully developed to measure the potential walkability of city districts and neighborhoods, and to adapt this tool to so that it captures the unique historic and cultural features of French cities while still retaining the items that have made it so useful in the United States. A new French/American version of the IMI was developed, comprising 203 items. This version was tested in neighborhoods in a mid-size French city and yielded very good internal and inter-judge reliability and good discrimination.     

Validation de la version française d’une échelle abrégée de coping religieux : Brief-RCOPE

The involvement of religious beliefs and practices in the way of coping with stressful events is coined by the term of religious coping. It is commonly distinguished the positive from the negative patterns of religious coping (i.e., a secure and a less secure relationship with God respectively) as assessed by the Brief RCOPE. The interest for the religious coping patterns lies in their predictive value for the quality of the adjustment to stress. After controlling for the effects of sociodemographic variables, and nonreligious coping measures, the positive pattern is a significant predictor of well-being while the negative pattern promotes a poorer physical and mental health. This study was designed to validate the French version of the Brief RCOPE.

Adaptation et validation de la version française de l’échelle d’évaluation de la relation

IntroductionRelationship satisfaction is one of the most studied constructs in the field of relationship evaluation because of its impact on various aspects of daily life. It is therefore important to have an instrument in French.ObjectivesThis study aims to adapt the Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS) and validate its psychometric properties in French from its original version in English.MethodTwo studies were carried out. In the first study, 200 participants responded to the French version of the Relationship Assessment Scale (EER), the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), and the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) to assess the factor structure and psychometric properties of the French version (reliability, convergent validity, incremental validity). In the second study confirmatory factor analysis was used to validate the factor structure and to examine the gender invariance of the EER through a multi-factorial analysis in a population of 114 adults.ResultsThe results show that the psychometric properties of the EER are acceptable and comparable to the original version of the instrument. The EER presents a one dimensional factor structure. The positive correlations between the EER and the different scales tested support good external validity. The multi-group analysis showed that both women and men similarly understand the items and attribute the same meaning to the questions, confirming gender invariance of the EER.ConclusionThe French version of the EER is a valid and reliable assessment instrument of relationship satisfaction. The clinical and research implications of this scale are discussed.     

Équivalence de la version en français pour le Canada et de la version originale états-unienne de l’Adult Self-Report

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the equivalence of the French-Canadian version of the Adult Self-Report (ASR; Achenbach & Rescorla, 2003) to its original English (USA) version. Both the original English version and the newly translated French-Canadian version were administered to 251 bilingual students from four Canadian provinces (Manitoba, New-Brunswick, Ontario, and Quebec), with a one to two weeks interval. Correlations varying from 0.72 to 0.87 indicated a high degree of correspondence between the scales of the two versions. Cohen's d calculated using Morris and DeShon's (2002) formula for within-subjects designs indicate that differences between mean scores varied from near-zero (d = 0.01) to small (d = 0.19), and suggest that they are not clinically significant. Ordinal alpha coefficients for the scales of the French-Canadian version varied from 0.66 to 0.96 but are inferior to those of the English version in seven of the eleven scales. Globally, results indicate that the equivalence of the French-Canadian version to the original English version of the ASR is sufficient to recommend its use.     

Développement et validation en langue française de l’Échelle de Mesure de l’Efficacité AutoRégulatrice des Affects en Sport (EARAS)

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the affective self-regulatory efficacy scale (EARAS) in a French sample. The instrument was developed from an adaptation to the sport context of a scale measuring this construct in everyday life (Bandura et al., 1996, 2001, 2003). A series of four complementary studies was carried out with a total sample of 669 students to: (a) develop a preliminary version of EARAS (study 1), (b) confirm the factorial structure of the instrument and examine its invariance (study 2), (c) evaluate the stability of the instrument (study 3), and (d) examine the construct validity of the scale (study 4). The bifactor model of affective self-regulatory efficacy provided the best fit. The EARAS presents satisfactory psychometric properties and constitutes a reliable and valid instrument for developing future research on the role of affective self-regulatory efficacy with in the sports activities of French people.     

Le harcèlement : évolution du droit français et problématiques de l’évaluation des victimes

Medical doctors are often asked by patients victim of harassment, or even by the authorities, to establish medical certificate. Harassment is a complex phenomenon, covering a wide range of behaviours occurring in multiple situations. The writing of such a certificate can prove to be difficult, can be a cause of legal proceedings for clinicians, especially at a disciplinary level. Moreover, the evaluation is all the more complex since the qualification of harassment by the judge sometimes requires an evaluation of the impact on the victims under the form of a Total Work Incapacity (TWI) duration, but not under all the circumstances existing in French law. In this article, we first propose to address general consideration towards the writing of the certificate, before doing a systematic review of the successive evolutions of French penal and labour law regarding harassment in its most frequent forms. Finally, we propose to address the matter of victims evaluation, especially towards TWI duration evaluation, which does not seem to us an adapted tool regarding the fact that harassment is usually a chronical and durable phenomenon.     

Validation française de l’échelle de mesure de l’orthorexie ORTO-15 et étude des liens avec les troubles des conduites alimentaires et l’image du corps

IntroductionAlthough orthorexia is described as a pathological obsession over healthy food, its nature remains unclear. The results of the majority of studies, mainly using the ORTO-15 measurement scale, remain limited to certain countries and cannot be generalized to every culture. Furthermore, recent studies suggest that body image should be included in the orthorexia research, in addition to eating disorders.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to propose a French adaptation of the ORTO-15 measurement scale using the Vallerand's transcultural validation procedure, explore its psychometric properties and the links between orthorexic behvaiour, symptoms of eating disorders and body image.MethodFour hundred and nine young adults (89% female), aged 18 to 25 years, completed the online version of the following scales: ORTO-15, Dunn et al. criteria (2016), the Eating-Attitudes Test (EAT-26), Binge Eating Scale (BES) and the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scale (MBSRQ-AS). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA and CFA, respectively) were carried out on two randomly split samples and links between different variables were explored using Spearman correlation coefficients.ResultsThe EFA yielded a single-factor 11-items structure explaining 24% of variance. The adjustment indices from the CFA were excellent. The stability of the scale was satisfactory (ICC = 0.71), despite a questionable internal consistency (α = .50). Links with other scales indicated good structural validity.ConclusionORTO-11-Fr presented satisfactory psychometric properties. Further studies are needed for identifying predictors of orthorexia as well as improving its definition and assessment.     

Validation française d’une version brève de l’Échelle de satisfaction maritale

IntroductionFew measuring instruments of couple satisfaction maximizing the individual perception of the relationship exists in French. Settings such as Liaison psychiatry of a general hospital could benefit from a questionnaire adapting to a variety of clinical profiles.ObjectiveThis article proposes a French revision and validation of the Marital Satisfaction Scale (MSS; Roach, Frazier, and Bowden, 1981), a 48-item self-reported questionnaire designed to evaluate personal satisfaction towards one's couple relationship.MethodA sample of 349 community-dwelling individuals aged 20–85 answered the MSS, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS; Spanier, 1976), and a series of inquiries related to sociodemographics. As an initial Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) did not validate the unidimensional structure postulated by the original authors, the item number was reduced to 14.ResultsThis brief version of the scale (MSS-14) was subsequently validated with an internal replication analysis, a strong criterion-related validity with the DAS (r_s = 0.73, P < 0.001), an excellent internal consistency (α = 0.961, IC à 95% [0.955, 0.967]), a strong test-retest reliability (r_s = 0.90, CI à 95% [0.85, 0.93], P < 0.001, Z = − 0.033, P = 0.973), and strong item-to-total correlations (> 0.69). The MSS-14 could differentiate individuals with and without marital distress (AUC = 0.97), while no sociodemographic variable seemed to have a significant influence on couple satisfaction.ConclusionThe MSS-14 appears to be a reliable instrument to assess the personal satisfaction towards a couple relationship in community-dwelling adults.     

La clarté du concept de soi : validation d’une échelle de mesure en langue française

IntroductionThe self-concept clarity scale (SCC, Campbell et al., 1996) measures the extent to which self-beliefs are perceived as clearly defined, internally consistent and temporally stable.ObjectiveThe study aimed at testing the reliability and validity of a French version of the SCC scale and its relevance to predict the relationship between self-concept and vocational preference.MethodThree studies have been conducted on a total sample of 1114 participants (691 women) aged 15 and 62.ResultsResults revealed that the French version of the SCC had a unidimensional factor structure and high levels of internal consistency and temporal stability (study 1). As predicted, high SCC scores were independently associated with high self-esteem, high conscientiousness, high agreeability, low neuroticism and low social comparison orientation (study 2). Finally, a criterion validity argument was provided by demonstrating that high SCC scores predicted high matching degree between self-concept and occupational preference prototype (study 3).ConclusionThe psychometric properties of the French version of SCC are satisfactory and comparable to those of the English original scale. The use of the SCC scale in academic guidance and career counseling is therefore discussed.     

Création et validation d’une version française du questionnaire AttrakDiff pour l’évaluation de l’expérience utilisateur des systèmes interactifs

IntroductionWhile user experience (UX) evaluation is a core concern within the field of human–computer interaction (HCI), there is currently no valid self-administered UX evaluation tool in French. The AttrakDiff 2 scale (Hassenzahl, Burmester, & Koller, 2003) is a UX evaluation tool, which relies on a theoretical model distinguishing pragmatic and hedonic qualities of interactive systems.ObjectiveThis paper describes the translation and validation of the French version of the AttrakDiff 2 scale in order to ease UX assessment in French-speaking users.MethodFollowing the cross-cultural methodology developed by Vallerand (1989), the questionnaire was translated by trilingual researchers before being back-translated and validated by a panel of experts. A pre-test was conducted on 26 participants. The characteristics of the French version of the AttrakDiff 2 scale were then evaluated through a quantitative online study involving a sample of 381 users.ResultsThe results confirm the expected 3 factors structure and a good internal consistency of each subscale. The links between factors are consistent with Hassenzahl's theoretical model (2003) where pragmatic and hedonic perceived attributes combine to form a judgment of attractiveness.ConclusionThe current French version of the AttrakDiff 2 scale is globally reliable with regards to the initial German version and presents satisfactory levels of validity and reliability.     

La version française de l’Échelle de Positivité : évaluer le facteur commun entre l’estime de soi,l’optimisme et la satisfaction de vie

The purpose of this article is to present the adaptation and the validation of the Positivity Scale (Caprara, Alessandri, Eisenberg, Kupfer, Steca, Caprara, & Abela, 2012) through three studies of 840 adults. Positivity, which is a common latent factor between self-esteem, optimism and life satisfaction (Alessandri, Caprara, & Tisak, 2012; Caprara, Steca, Alessandri, Abela, & McWhinnie, 2010), is “the tendency to view life and experiences with a positive outlook” (Caprara et al., 2012, p. 701). Confirmatory factor analysis supports the unidimensionality of factor G Positivity, coexisting with two specific factors, optimism and self-esteem. The instrument attest very good reliability and the high level of temporal stability indicate a very good fidelity. The validity was demonstrated by a good convergence with self-esteem, optimism, life satisfaction as well as positive affect and good divergence with negative affect. The study of the discriminant validity establishes that it differs from scales measuring self-esteem, optimism and life satisfaction. The study of incremental validity shows that it can contribute significantly, through the effect of three constructs in a single dimension, to the prediction of psychological phenomena. This research provides a valid 7-item scale to measure positivity in French.     

Végétarisme,végétalisme,véganisme : des comportements (alimentaires) au service de l’identité ? Une étude qualitative en population française

IntroductionThese last years have been marked by an evolution as to how people feed themselves, highlighting a growing interest for vegetarian food. Vegetarianism at large refers to several types of food that are characterized by the partial or total exclusion of animal foods. This study aims at relating various elements associated to vegetarianism, such as eating motives, behaviors, self-perception and others’ perception, in relation with the notion of identity.MethodParticipants were recruited via vegetarian and vegan (for food and for lifestyle) groups on Facebook, once their agreement was obtained. Six interviews were conducted by a clinical psychologist around the notion of being and identity related to food, as well as the food history of the individual and his/her family. The use of retrospective investigation makes possible to establish a continuity between the past and the current eating behavior. These interviews, once manually transcribed, were the subject of a complex semantic analysis via TROPES software (version 8.4).ResultsThe results showed a major use of state's and identity's verbs (being, becoming, “I”) and the personal pronoun “we”, referring to a construction of both individual and collective identity around the diet. The commitment to vegetarian/vegan diet has been primarily motivated by ethical concern. And, positive feelings have emerged following the adoption of this type of diet, such as pride, inner purity and a sense of being healthy and holy. Despite the fact that their diet is ethically focused, participants spontaneously addressed the issue of weight and body image.Discussion/conclusionWhatever the food's history of participants, identifications to disorders related to body image or identifications to weight categories have preceded the identification to a specific diet. And the following of a vegetarian/vegan diet appears at the base of positive feelings toward oneself and a better self-esteem. So, we can assume that adopting a vegetarian/vegan diet could improve self-perception. Otherwise, the ethical choice mentioned by the participants, may be an acceptable sociable justification to control more or less the fate of their body (inside and outside). More research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms of vegetarian/vegan diet, to explore the personality profiles of individuals and their relation to the body.     

Facteurs d’invention,de dissémination et de diffusion d’une innovation : leçons d’une triple étude de cas

The aim of this article is to identify the factors facilitating the invention, dissemination and diffusion phases of the innovation process. An action-research was conducted in a hospital setting using mixed methods (participant observation, interviews and questionnaires). A triple case study illustrated the invention of a change management methodology, its dissemination using an interactive learning strategy and its diffusion within and outside the organization. Ten factors from various research traditions emerged. No model was able to explain all factors facilitating one phase. Phases of the innovation process were carried out dynamically, as a continuously reactivated process.     

Impact de la motivation autodéterminée et de l’engagement affectif sur l’intention de rester : une étude chez les militaires

Conducted within the Canadian Forces (N=652), this study explores the role of self-determined motivation and affective commitment in relation to personnel retention within the military. Three groupings of variables are used in order to shed light on the mechanisms underlying personnel retention: a) distal antecedents (i.e. leadership styles), b) proximal antecedents (i.e. group cohesion and work climate) and c) mediators (i.e. self-determined motivation and affective commitment). Illustrated through a structural model, results demonstrate the existence of a partial mediator effect from affective commitment in the relationship between self-determined motivation and intention to stay. These findings are discussed in regards of their implications from theoretical and practical perspectives.     

Échelle du fatalisme en santé version française (EFS-VF) : une validation de l’échelle du fatalisme en santé

IntroductionFatalistic beliefs have a deleterious effect on the adoption of healthy behaviours and well-being of individuals. In health domain, there are tools in the literature to measure those beliefs in several cultures, but none are suitable for an African context, precisely in Cameroon.ObjectiveThis study aimed to validate the French-cultural version of the 20-item health fatalism scale of Shen et al. in a Cameroonian population.MethodIn a sample of 652 participants (331 women and 321 men) aged from 15 to 61 years, this scale was translated, adapted and its psychometric qualities assessed.ResultsExploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that in the Cameroonian context, a four-dimensional model with 18 items was more adjusted. The extracted factors were: luck, ineluctability of disease, pessimism and pre-determination.ConclusionThe health fatalism scale French version can be used effectively to evaluate fatalistic beliefs in the African context precisely in Cameroon, in order to adapt community health interventions aimed at eradicating risky behaviours.     

Comparaison des effets de l’immersion (« Flooding ») en imagination et de l’immersion in vivo : une étude expérimentale

This study compares the efficacy of two kinds of flooding techniques: flooding in fantasy and flooding in vivo. The aversive stimulus in this experimental study was a harmless snake. The scenes described to the flooding in fantasy group were identical to the behaviors that subjects of the flooding in vivo group were asked to do. The length of treatment was 1 h. Avoidance tests were given at different stages of the experiment. Subjective measures were also taken. Although the analysis of variance did not show any significant differences, orthogonal comparisons revealed superiority for the flooding in vivo group on the avoidance test.     

Attentes de motivation et comportements différenciés de l'enseignant d’éducation physique et sportive à l'égard de ses élèves : une étude en contexte naturel d'enseignement

Previous research set in both educational and sport settings has examined the relationship between, teacher's and coach's expectancies and differential behaviors issued to students and athletes. The purpose of the present study was to extend this line of research by analyzing consequences of a not much studied pre-existing expectation (i.e. non induced) — the one related to motivation — on the frequency, content, and style (i.e. controlling vs. autonomy-supportive) of interactions between PE teacher and his pupils. 144 pupils and their teachers from 7 classes were examined during physical education classes. The teacher's expectancies were assessed at the beginning of the academic cycle. Teacher-students interactions were taped and systematically coded with two instruments at 4 different occasions. Results showed that teacher's expectancies were related (1) positively to technical instruction and autonomy-supportive style, and (2) negatively to negative affective feedback and controlling style. These different dimensions could constitute important mediators of Pygmalion effect in PE.