Contraintes temporelles et qualité du travail dans l’activité des soignants

This article investigates the relationships between care activity and temporal constrains. The main objective is to understand the constrain effects on care givers activity. It is aimed at understanding the effects of the requirements on care givers activity. A research-action of eighteen month was conducted within a residential establishment for older dependent people and studied the activity of thirty four care givers. Our theoretical frame associates both work clinic and ergonomics. Investigations method combined both observation and interviews. The analysis of the care givers activity shows the effects of the organizational constrains on the activity. The care givers activity focuses on time organization rather than care. Finally, the quality of work is impaired, the work looses its sense and misses its primary objectives.     

Technologies émergentes et transformations digitales de l’activité : enjeux pour l’activité et la santé au travail

The question of the introduction of emerging technologies and their incessant renewal in organizations basically refers to the place and role that these devices play in activity, as well as how they can affect activity and health at work … Thought as a prospective reflection trying to grasp the logic and the modalities of the digital transformations in progress, the ambition of this paper is: (i) first, identify and characterize the emerging technologies that are deployed in the company; (ii) discuss their impact on the activity and well-being of employees, showing the uses and paradoxical effects that these devices can have on work; and (iii) finally think about the psychosocial function of these devices as potential health and business development operators.     

Intervenir en clinique de l’activité sur la qualité du travail dans l’organisation. Le cas du service de propreté d’une grande collectivité

This article aims to inform the intervention process and the institution of conflictuality around the criteria on quality of work in an Activity Clinic perspective. From the example of a recent intervention in sanitary service of a big city, this article instructs this process when the conflictuality around the criteria of quality of work can be instituted in the organization. When field professionals can do more authority on their activity in the organization, we then witness in action a modification of their role in decision process, regarding their own work. The article concludes with the contribution of the results produced to current reflections on the union work actuality.     

Quelles méthodes et quelle modélisation d’analyse de l’activité de travail de l’encadrement ? L’exemple de l’encadrement des chantiers de la construction

By referring to the ergonomic analysis of work and to the management sciences, the authors propose an analysis model of the managers’ activity. Until then, few researchs were realized in ergonomics science with this population which has to prepare and to organize the works of other operators. According to the authors, it is possible to apply to this population the model of “the centre de décision”. It allows to understand how their activity is determined by “upstream” centres and then how it determines the activity of centres “approval”. Applied to the project and site managers, this model brings solutions to transform their work and the work of the workmen.     

Le processus d’intervention en santé au travail : éclairer les enjeux de l’action par un exercice de formalisation de l’activité

IntroductionThe quality of action in occupational health requires attention to its dynamic, for example analysing the activity of the intervenant consultant: what he manages to do in his activity and the obstacles he encounters.ObjectiveThis article proposes to feed the knowledge on the intervention from a qualitative approach and centered on the intervention process.MethodUsing the case study, the article shows the real of the intervention, its obstacles and the adjustments it imposes. The case studied is in a journal.ResultsThis intervention process shows the effects of variation caused by lack of accession and support from management and the trade unions, the difficulty of passing from knowledge to action.ConclusionThe difficulties have a function of revelation which the evaluation of the effects of an intervention can take into account.     

Conception et santé : quelques remarques sur le statut de l’activité de travail dans la conception des systèmes de production

The aim of this article is to discuss the status of activity at work for the design process. After having highlighted the stakes to take into account activity at work during design, three approaches are discussed. One can try to model the workers’ activity in order to anticipate it during the design process. One can try to support the design of flexible systems, which control activity. One can try to catch and articulate in a same process the development of both the situation and the activity. These different positions result in different understanding of the design process mainly in its temporal dimension. For each approaches, some lines of research are presented.     

Le travail coopératif d’équipes de projet d’ingénierie à l’épreuve de l’activité en réunion médiatisée et multi-localisée

Performing in worldwide competition compels companies to be innovative and this unyielding global pressure sparks engineering team projects on a far-reaching scale. The synergy of heterogeneous and dispersed skills supposes to overcome the geographical distance between teammates using sophisticated socio-technical devices. Based upon four grounds of empirical research, this article will examine the function of this media coverage technology with a comprehensive sight of phenomena underlying remote interactions between teammates. Face to the reality of their cooperative activity, experiencing multi-localized virtual meetings with synchronous co-presence, are considered the experience, the resources and the constraints introduced by these terms and working conditions.     

Traduction et adaptation du TEI-SF afin de documenter l’acceptabilité sociale de l’intervention comportementale intensive

Early intensive behavioral intervention is more widely used in large-scale community-based services in Autism Spectrum Disorder. There is an increased need to evaluate the social acceptability of these programs. The present study used a measure of social acceptability as part of a social validation procedure to evaluate a community-based EIBI offered in inclusive childcare, as well as two focused interventions associated with this program. To do so, the Treatment Evaluation Inventory Short-form (TEI-SF) questionnaire was adapted and translated to French. The validation results for the TEI-SF, as well as for the social acceptability of the EIBI programs and procedures, are presented. The results are the first evidence of the validity of the TEI-SF (adapted and translated to French), presenting scores of validity of intervention and a favourable perspective related to the early intensive behavioral intervention and opening the door to further research.     

L’acceptation située des technologies dans et par l’activité : premiers étayages pour une clinique de l’usage

The aim of this paper is to consider that a complementary way to evaluate the acceptance of technology in the work is possible; the acceptance situated. From a critical review of the classical models of acceptability (social and practical) on the one hand, and relying on models of the activity and theories of appropriation on the other hand, we show that it is necessary to insert the ICT in its social thickness, that is to say in a more comprehensive and complex as richer activity system (real). We will discuss the four dimensions to be considered to evaluate this acceptance situated. We also indicate how this approach can become an instrument of the development of activity and can contribute to a process of (re)creation of technical instruments, laying the foundations of what we have named a clinical usage.     

L’activité comme support théorique et pratique pour le conseil en orientation

In today's society, instable and uncertain, individuals are more and more often confronted with multiple personal or occupational changes in their life course. In this context, the notion of transition appears as a major one in vocational psychology, the domain of which becomes the individual's own self-construction. This article aims to define a theoretical framework for this perspective, and to point out how the concept of activity can be useful, both for researchers and practitioners. As an example, the case of a young student in a vocational school, who participated to a longitudinal study about self-construction, will illustrate this proposition which considers the individual as “actor of himself”.     

Laïcité et diversité religieuse: l’approche québécoise

The Conseil des relations interculturelles (CRI) is a research and advisory council whose mission is to advise the Minister of Citizens relations and Immigration on primary matters concerning integration of immigrants and intercultural relations. In the summer of 2002, the members of the Conseil produced an advisory report on religious diversity. The purpose of this work was to propose a framework to reflect on the subject and suggest avenues which could facilitate the recognition of religious diversity in citizen public civic spaces. This document is a revision of the original abridged version, published in March 2004.     

Développer l’apprentissage,la coopération et l’identité organisationnelle en milieu hospitalier Evaluation de l’impact d’un Dispositif d’Immersion Structuré

In this article we analyse the effects of an innovative approach adopted in a hospital institution. Using a specific framework, this approach consists of placing staff into a department other than their own. The objectives of this approach relate to cognition, identity and organisational behaviour. Based on thematic and structural analysis of 25 interviews, this evaluation shows that the effects of the intervention are consistent with the anticipated objectives on several levels: (1) learning about ways of functioning and working in the host department, (2) growth of co-operation between departments, (3) the development of a feeling of organisational belonging.     

De l’opportunité d’une nouvelle loi sur la fin de vie ?

This paper deals with the end of life issue. It advocates for putting the legislation about end of life a part from bioethics laws and addresses some legal problems.     

Responsabilités de l’expert judiciaire médical : des exigences déontologiques renforcées pour une activité accessoire

Medical doctor, forensic expert. Behind the duality of this role lie several professional obligations and responsibilities that must always be borne in mind by those who make a contribution to justice in providing their skills and professional knowledge. In reality, taking a moment to reflect on the ethical duties of the Forensic Medical Expert involves realizing that today, regulations and jurisprudence are seldom a requirement in a profession that performs an activity which may be ancillary but which is nonetheless essential in revealing the truth and therefore working towards Justice. Said person passes protean responsibilities on to health professionals for those who, paradoxically and statutorily, only occasionally work with the justice system. As such, from a civil, criminal and disciplinary perspective, a person skilled in the art is responsible for faults committed under the control of both the justice system and their peers in terms of their medical and expert activities. Given that the ancillary activity adds a great deal to the main role, this study raises the question of the ambiguity of a status that would benefit from official recognition as a regulated legal profession.