La santé à l’épreuve de la mobilité : les débuts de parcours de compagnons de l’aéronautique

In this article we relate a research, which has been carried out among workers in an aircraft-manufacturing site. The purpose of the research was to enlighten the links between health and professional mobility. Leaning on quantitative and qualitative analyzes of mobility inside a worksite, we put forward the complex network of itineraries of blue collars, at their beginning. These itineraries combine changes in workstations or in working conditions, and various individual, collective or organizational dimensions. The apprenticeship of mobility frameworks gets involved in wider series of professional norms, which might at the same time prevent from health disorders and make them less visible. Thus, the integration of these various temporal dimensions by blue collars themselves brings depending on organizational context, supports or damages for health.     

Réflexions d’un médecin expert et d’un juriste autour d’un exercice pratique de droit médical

We offer a reflection around a clinical case of nosocomial infection allowing us to address the difficulties faced by experts and lawyers and other jurists in matters of medical liability. This case is the result of an exercise proposed within the framework of the national DIU (interuniversity diploma) in medical accidents for which the two authors are responsible in Amiens and Bordeaux. The writing was enriched with the responses of the students. This clinical case makes it possible to approach the compensation for nosocomial infections, to compare the amicable procedure before the conciliation and compensation commission for medical accidents and the procedure before a judicial or administrative jurisdiction. Finally, the reflection focuses on patient information, especially protected adult, and access to the medical file. It is not a question here of detailing the medical care but of discussing medical responsibility and the rights of the patients.     

Le développement d’un outil de mesure des comportements inadaptés au travail auprès de directions d’établissements scolaires du Québec

This study focuses on developing a measuring tool for unsuitable behaviour in the workplace. The tool has been developed from school principals. To do so, exploratory factor analyses have been conducted. Data have been collected from 232 senior staff members from school facilities across Quebec. Participants were invited to answer an online questionnaire. The results obtained help to classify inappropriate work behaviour into one factor. In addition to its theoretical value, this research brings several significant contributions to practice.     

Le travail coopératif d’équipes de projet d’ingénierie à l’épreuve de l’activité en réunion médiatisée et multi-localisée

Performing in worldwide competition compels companies to be innovative and this unyielding global pressure sparks engineering team projects on a far-reaching scale. The synergy of heterogeneous and dispersed skills supposes to overcome the geographical distance between teammates using sophisticated socio-technical devices. Based upon four grounds of empirical research, this article will examine the function of this media coverage technology with a comprehensive sight of phenomena underlying remote interactions between teammates. Face to the reality of their cooperative activity, experiencing multi-localized virtual meetings with synchronous co-presence, are considered the experience, the resources and the constraints introduced by these terms and working conditions.     

La cross-évaluation : une approche d’évaluation et de développement des processus de travail inter-équipes

Organizational agility has become an increasing focus for companies and has led to the emergence of new developmental methods. This article presents the cross-evaluation as an approach to evaluating and developing inter-team interface efficacity. Though 360 degrees feedback collective processes are being evaluated, and during reflexive workshops they decide what improvements to make in their team functioning. Based on a literature review and more specifically on the theories of social identity and groupthink this article describes the scientific bases of the cross-evaluation method and the biases that can be involved and how to reduce them. It suggests new avenues of research and practical suggestions for practitioners about an inter-team development method.     

Adaptation et validation de la version française de l’échelle d’évaluation de la relation

IntroductionRelationship satisfaction is one of the most studied constructs in the field of relationship evaluation because of its impact on various aspects of daily life. It is therefore important to have an instrument in French.ObjectivesThis study aims to adapt the Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS) and validate its psychometric properties in French from its original version in English.MethodTwo studies were carried out. In the first study, 200 participants responded to the French version of the Relationship Assessment Scale (EER), the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), and the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) to assess the factor structure and psychometric properties of the French version (reliability, convergent validity, incremental validity). In the second study confirmatory factor analysis was used to validate the factor structure and to examine the gender invariance of the EER through a multi-factorial analysis in a population of 114 adults.ResultsThe results show that the psychometric properties of the EER are acceptable and comparable to the original version of the instrument. The EER presents a one dimensional factor structure. The positive correlations between the EER and the different scales tested support good external validity. The multi-group analysis showed that both women and men similarly understand the items and attribute the same meaning to the questions, confirming gender invariance of the EER.ConclusionThe French version of the EER is a valid and reliable assessment instrument of relationship satisfaction. The clinical and research implications of this scale are discussed.     

Évolutions récentes de la responsabilité pour défaut d’information

It is wrongly that one would think that the question of the information due by the physician to the patient is not likely of any further developments. Four recent rulings provide the perfect illustration and lead to consider that this duty to inform has attained a genuine autonomy. In some instances, the compensation arising out of the failure to inform may depart from the strict framework of loss of chance in which many believed it was confined to.     

Facteurs d’invention,de dissémination et de diffusion d’une innovation : leçons d’une triple étude de cas

The aim of this article is to identify the factors facilitating the invention, dissemination and diffusion phases of the innovation process. An action-research was conducted in a hospital setting using mixed methods (participant observation, interviews and questionnaires). A triple case study illustrated the invention of a change management methodology, its dissemination using an interactive learning strategy and its diffusion within and outside the organization. Ten factors from various research traditions emerged. No model was able to explain all factors facilitating one phase. Phases of the innovation process were carried out dynamically, as a continuously reactivated process.     

Méthode d’évaluation des risques psychosociaux auprès de travailleurs déficients intellectuels

While current regulation imposes to take into account psychosocial risks, their evaluation among workers with intellectual disabilities is still lacking. In order to develop an adapted tool, a language skills test was combined with the perception of work situations. Then, an ergonomic analysis was used to confirm the answers to the questionnaire. In a second phase of the study, the questionnaire was tested among a sample of 85 workers with intellectual disabilities. Data collected attested the relevance of this tool by accurately revealing workers’ feelings about their working environment. This study constitutes a first step in the psychosocial risk assessment process for workers with intellectual disabilities.     

Parcours : développement d’une stratégie de prévention de la récidive adaptée aux milieux ouverts

Experiments show that applying RNR principles “in the real world” within the context of probation can reduce recidivism, provided that evidence-based intervention models are used. In Quebec, probation officers agreed to take part in a pilot project whereby the Parcours program (Pathways) was transposed into a series of interview outlines to be used in a community setting. The experiment took place over a one-year period, the management of convicted offenders consisting in around 10 30 to 90-minute interviews. These interviews addressed: motivation for change, beliefs, values and cognitive distortions, as well as the adoption of relapse prevention strategies. Results were positive enough to authorize the deployment of Parcours en milieu ouvert (Pathways in community settings) in all sectors. This approach could be implemented in France, where at the instigation of the Council of Europe, new European probation rules recommend the establishment of interventions based on evidence-based models.     

Effets de l’expression d’embarras et de la personnalité du candidat sur l’évaluation,la réaction comportementale et la décision d’embauche du recruteur

Job interview is a standardized situation that carries high stakes and involves impression management tactics. When an incident occurs in such a situation it could create embarrassment. Usually the expression of this self-conscious emotion positively affects others’ judgment. The aim of this study is to know whether this positive effect could also be observed in a job interview and whether it may vary depending on how embarrassment is expressed and with the personality of the job applicant. Contrary to what it is observed in an ordinary context, the absence of expression is favored by the recruiters; the expression of embarrassment is rather negatively perceived, especially when it is not controlled. The issue of emotional expressivity during interview will be discussed.     

Évaluation de l’efficacité d’un traitement cognitif-comportemental pour le trouble d’anxiété généralisée combiné à des stratégies de régulation des émotions et d’acceptation et d’engagement expérientiel

The objective of this article is to examine the efficacy of a new cognitive-behavioral treatment, which combines emotion regulation strategies, and acceptance and commitment-based strategies to cognitive-behavioral supported treatment for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). A single-case multiple baseline design was used to measure the effect of a 19-week treatment on three participants. Semi-structured interviews, self-report questionnaires, and daily self-monitoring were used to assess symptoms of GAD, general anxiety, depression, and quality of life. These instruments were administered at different times. At post-treatment, two out of the three participants showed a clinically significant improvement and no longer met GAD criteria. These results were maintained at the three-month follow-up. For the third participant, a considerable improvement was observed at the end of treatment but only reached clinical significance at the follow-up. The results of this study suggest that this type of treatment was effective in reducing anxiety and depression symptoms and in improving quality of life of GAD patients. Controlled studies involving bigger sample sizes are needed to determine the efficacy of this new treatment. Future research should also examine the separate and specific contribution of each therapy component in treatment efficacy.     

Validation d’une échelle d’évaluation multi-dimensionnelle de l’illusion de contrôle dans les jeux de hasard et d’argent (EEMDIC)

IntroductionThe illusion of control is widely accepted as a key factor in the gambling behaviors. A polysemic concept, its theoretical definition remains debatable, however, and the multitude of measures used to account for it makes it difficult to compare the results of research on it.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to clarify what the illusion of control is and to provide a measure that captures what it is.MethodBy considering the two valences, positive (focusing on gains) and negative (focusing on losses), relating to gambling cognitions, two subscales were thus subjected to exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on the data collected from 482 participants (82.78% of women, M_age = 36.5, SD_age = 12.31).ResultsThe results reveal that a 4-factor solution (absolute luck/series law; skills, knowledge and strategies; superstitious rituals and behaviours; personal luck/misfortune) allows us to describe the sample data for each of the two subscales. Polynomial regressions with response surface analyses make the case for presenting the two subscales simultaneously (matrix format). These analyses also show that the illusion of control is linked to gambling habits through the interaction of positive and negative valences. In particular, individuals gamble more frequently when they simultaneously attribute more their winnings and less their losses to luck.ConclusionsThe usefulness of this new tool, which addresses the illusion of control by a direct measurement of its dimensions and an indirect measurement of its affective structure, is discussed both in terms of research and practice, since it would make it possible to orient care.     

Les foyers de protection judiciaire de la jeunesse et la prise en charge des jeunes auteurs de délit : représentations sociales et réflexions autour de groupes d’adolescents et d’éducateurs

The educators’ work in juvenile justice residential communities and their capacity of affective attunement to the adolescent's needs is essential for the creation of a protective and enriching context for the adolescent and his life trajectories. This article aims to explore the social representations of educators and young people in residential communities in Italy, through the analysis of their discourses gathered during focus groups. Our results reveal the need to compare these representations and work to narrow the gap between the caregivers and the users, in order to improve the relationship between the different protagonists of the interaction and, consequently, the possibilities of good success of interventions.     

Validation de l’inventaire des habiletés politiques auprès d’une population occupant un poste de directions d’établissement scolaire

A single instrument was listed to measure political skills, defined as the understanding of others and the use of that knowledge to influence their actions. It was validated with employees, although political skills were more relevant to managers and, in particular, to school principals. A single study validated the psychometric properties of the instrument with managers showing that the dimensional structure would deploy in 5 factors unlike what is observed among employees, which is deployed in 4 factors. The purpose of this study is to verify whether the tool is reliable and has a distinct structure when employed with a population occupying a management position and more particularly school principals. A total of 304 school principals completed an electronic questionnaire. The results suggest a satisfactory dimensional structure in four factors and good fidelity, which invalidates the use of a separate structure for manager including school principal, as reported by Snell et al. (2013).     

Éléments de validité de contenu des questionnaires d’intérêts Inforizon et exploration de dimensions sous-jacentes à l’organisation de facteurs d’intérêts

This study concerns the confirmatory factorial analysis test of the correspondence between a theory of the definition of the interests proposed in a list of factors and the responses from 5304 subjects in two self-evaluation questionnaires. The questionnaires were provided by a professional advice and support IT tool, Inforizon. It allows the user to explore professional worlds, according to his particular interests. The principles at work are designed to overcome difficulties regularly encountered in the use of interest scores. The empirical structure of the responses to the questionnaires appears to be compatible with the definition model. A second stage is the exploratory research of the explanatory and parsimonious dimensions of the approximately circular organisation of the interest factors.     

Validité de construit d’une épreuve de jeu de rôle dans le cadre d’un centre d’évaluation chez des officiers de marine.

The present study was designed to obtain validity estimates for a role-play test. Participants were 125 french Navy officers who were rated by a pool of professional assessors and psychologists. All the assessors received reccurring training sessions, focusing on the behavioral checklist, on rating errors, and on share frame of reference. The assessment procedure included role play exercise, cognitive ability scale (g factor) and personality scale (big five factors). First, exploratory factor analyses were conducted on the data gathered, and four factors were identified (authoritarianism, oral communication, consideration with others and frankness). In a nomological perspective, we also analysed the links between the exercises dimensions, personality inventorie and intelligence scale. The findings suggest that role play dimension, personality and intelligence seem to measure different thinks.