尊重教师:教育伦理的一项重要原则

尊重教师是师德建设的基础和前提。应当把"尊重教师"作为社会主义教育伦理的一项重要原则。尊重教师之所以应当成为教育伦理的一项重要原则,从根本上说,是"尊重人"这一普遍的社会道德原则在教育活动领域中的重要体现和要求。只有尊重教师,才能充分调动教师的主体积极性,实现教育事业利益的最大化。尊重教师原则,要求尊重教师的道德人格、尊重教师的正当利益诉求、尊重教师的教育民主和自由权利、尊重教师的生命财产安全。倡导和践行"尊重教师"的教育伦理原则,需要创设与之相适应的精神文化机制和社会公共政策、教育管理机制。     

美国急诊医师的道德规范(下)美国急诊医师协会常务理事会于2011年4月修订并批准

3 急诊医师与其他专业人士的关系 急诊医学的实践,需要多学科的合作和团队精神.急诊医师工作需与其他各类的医护专业人员密切协作,包括急诊科护士、急诊技师以及其他专科医师.规范这些互动的普遍的伦理原则包括诚实、尊重、对其他观点和需求的认知,以及将患者的利益最大化的第一职责.     

人类基因组计划及基因革命对伦理的挑战

人类基因组序列的测定和研究具有重大的科学价值和经济价值,同时,也带来一系列社会问题。基因组计划和基因革命对伦理造成了致命的冲击。人类基因商品化对公正原则提出了挑战;基因设计引发生命唯物化,引起了人类的尊严危机;优生运动有可能违背自主原则和平等原则。人类基因组计划应坚持那些体现了人类及其社会本性、价值和尊严的伦理原则即不伤害人、尊重人、有益于人、公正对待人,以及人与人之间互相团结等。     

论公民的尊重教育

尊重是对公民个体同属于“人类”共同体的基本属性和价值的肯定性态度和行为,是对公民人格和尊严的“认可”、“尊敬”与“重视”;“真实尊重”的形成有赖于真实平等的社会制度以及由此建立起来的真实平等的价值观念。在社会主义条件下,尊重与相互尊重不仅是制度对公民个体的道德诉求,是社会主义市场经济的平等交换关系在道德领域的现实要求,也是公民的基本权利和义务;大力提倡和加强公民尊重教育,将赋予公民个体强烈的责任感、义务感和权利感,进一步增强公民道德的内在基础,促进公民社会和谐人际关系与良好道德氛围的形成。     

尊重人体尸体:人体解剖教学的伦理原则

通过对医学院校解剖教学的调研和对利害关系人的访谈,发现不尊重人体尸体的观念和行为是阻碍遗体捐献的一个重要原因.因此提出"尊重人体尸体"这一解剖教学伦理原则,并加强对医学生解剖教学伦理教育.     

行政法基本原则的效力研究

行政法的基本原则是贯穿在行政法中,指导和统率具体行政法律规范并由它们所体现的基本精神,是要求所有行政法律关系主体在国家行政管理活动中必须遵循的基本行为准则。一般来说,我国行政法的基本原则主要有行政合法性原则和行政合理性原则,它们使成千上万的行政法律规范之间有着必然的联系,从而使行政法作为一个独立的部门法成为一个有机的整体。但由于这些基本原则具有概括性和纲领性的特点,一种代表性的观点认为行政法的基本原则缺乏可操作性,由此否定其效力。笔者认为这种观点的产生和缺乏对行政法基     

论罗尔斯正义理论中的“优先规则”

"优先规则"是罗尔斯正义理论的核心组成部分之一,在理论结构上起到规定正义的两条原则以及第二条正义原则中的机会平等原则与差别原则之间的先后顺序的作用。笔者认为,罗尔斯"优先规则"所规定的"自由的优先性"原则在论证和解释中存在着困难;而且,"优先规则"与"差别原则"之间存在矛盾,"差别原则"的应用使得"自由的优先性"无法在罗尔斯的正义理论中得到一以贯之的执行,而这正是在寻求平等的过程中自由受到侵犯的根本原因。     

论死亡教育中的死亡认知原则导向问题

我国死亡教育存在许多亟待解决的问题,其中较突出的是对死亡认知缺乏必要的原则导向。提出死亡教育应树立三个基本原则:一是重心定位于由死观生的认知自觉原则,既对死亡本质展开认识,又由死引生,探讨生的价值;二是建立对多元死亡文化观念的尊重原则,既尊重不同死亡文化,又尊重个人选择自由;三是确立学校教育中死亡认知的基本定位与关注差异原则,既对死亡进行客观解释,又兼顾差异,有层次地展开个别化教学。通过构建以上原则,可逐步打开国人对死亡教育的认同度。     

高校就业思想政治教育的绩效评价

就业思想政治教育绩效评价是加强和改进高校就业工作中的思想政治教育,提高其有效性的良好机制.本文在理论研究和实践分析的基础上指出了目前高校就业思想政治教育绩效评价中的问题,提出实施就业思想政治教育绩效评价的目标和原则,进一步从大学生素质结构指标,包括职业能力素质、职业动力素质、职业心理素质和职业行为素质四个方面,以及绩效指标,包括就业率、违约率、响应度等三个方面,提出运用综合目标比较分析和360度考评的方法,对就业思想政治教育的绩效进行评价.     

尊重自主原则的“自主”之惑——兼论生命伦理学原则的出发点

系统梳理了尊重自主原则的"自主"概念之不同涵义,不仅包括了自由主义阵营内部三种具有代表性的自主概念,而且涵盖了来自现象学、女性主义和社群主义的批评,这些批评也贡献了另一种对"自主"的理解。通过对这些歧义性理解背后原因的探寻,试图重新提出生命伦理学原则的出发点问题。原则主义认为,包括尊重自主原则在内的四原则应以单一普适的公共道德为出发点,但"自主"涵义分歧的现状恰恰表明生命伦理学原则需要从更深的层次上奠基,把握生命伦理学原则的内容及适用范围离不开对原则背后语境的廓清。     

Seeing and hearing and space and space and time

A previous experiment had shown spatial location to be judged in terms of the framework provided by the modality in which stimuli were presented. In the present study, digits were either auditorally or visually presented, and in either form the three digits appeared successivly to the left, in the center, and to the right of the S. The digit which occurred temporally in the middle of the sequence was never central from the spatial viewpoint. The S was asked to indicate which digit was the middle one. Ss were blind, deaf, or normal. The deaf and two control groups saw visual displays, and the blind and their controls heard auditory displays. The former groups predominantly chose the spatially middle digit and the latter groups the temporally middle. It was concluded that modality of presentation was the trigger which switched in the coding dimension of time or space.     

Bob and Carol and Tess and Ali

Conflicting religious experiences in different traditions do not necessarily defeat the rationality of conflicting beliefs sustained by those experiences in those traditions. The circularity that protects religious beliefs from such mutual defeat is not vicious. Moreover, the lack of ‘epistemological humility’ exhibited by such believers poses no threat to world peace. In fact, a campaign for compulsory humility would itself constitute a much greater threat.     

Law and Gospel,and Youth and Family Ministry

Abstract : If “faith comes through hearing” the word of God comprised in law and gospel, how do the imperatives that characterize ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ make such hearing possible? Here, literature delineating ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ is analyzed in light of its biblical foundations. The primary lens implemented in this analysis is the law/gospel hermeneutic advocated by Martin Luther and other reformers.     

Extremes of self-esteem and narcissism and the experience and expression of anger and aggression

This study examined the level of self-esteem and narcissism as personality variables involved in the disposition to experience and express anger. Three hundred thirty-eight subjects were sampled across two higher education centres and one student teaching programme in the United Kingdom. It was reasoned that individuals with both high self-esteem and narcissism would report especially high tendencies to experience and express anger and aggression and that those with high self-esteem and low narcissism would report the lowest. These predictions were influenced by theories that emphasise the role of threats to high self-esteem in the production of aggression and violence. Results indicate that groups defined by their extreme scores on self-esteem and narcissism scales produced levels of anger expression in the predicted direction. The importance of considering extreme levels of self-esteem and narcissism (in conjunction with other factors) in an analysis of anger is discussed with reference to currently influential theories in the field. Aggr. Behav. 24:421–438, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Dance and psychotherapy--possibilities and limits

From a starting point of therapeutic and prophylactic components identifiable in the dance, the authors regard the dance as deserving of greater attention than was hitherto the case in programs of physiotherapy, psychotherapy, and sociotherapy. From the existing essays at a therapy basing on body and motion, they infer basic common points, and to promote discussion, they state their attitudes in respect of the potential and rank of the dance in the concept of complex multimodal psychotherapy.     

Yin and Yang,and the Hot and the Cold

Yin and Yang are important concepts in ancient Chinese philosophy.Western scholars have become more familiar with these two concepts recently,but for a long time almost no one considered comparing them with their own tradition such as the ancient Greek philosophy,and especially with the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Presocratic philosophy.In this paper,I make an attempt to do exactly that,and especially make a detailed comparison between the thoughts of two ancient thinkers:Laozi and Anaximander.I discuss the thought of Yin and Yang in Laozi-who was the earliest philosopher making use of the concepts Yin and Yang-to express his cosmological thought in ancient Chinese philosophy.Comparatively,I discuss the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Anaximander,the earlier among Presocratic philosophers referring to the Hot and the Cold as fundamental concepts used to establish his cosmological system.Through this comparison,I indicate that the similarity between ancient Chinese and Western traditions is far more significant than what people are used to imagining.     

Perversion and infancy and adolescence

Abstract

Studying the works of Freud and Lacan, the authors carried out research on perversion in childhood. Their work covered the perverse polymorphism of infantile sexuality and the perception of the anatomic difference between the sexes that leads the child to create sexual theories and fantasies. The phallic mother and the fetish are viewed as imaginary solutions directly related to the Oedipus and castration complexes. In perversion, a particular position is taken in relation to the Oedipus complex: a serious flaw occurs in the symbolization of the law, and the mechanisms of denial and disavowal take form. Sexuality requires a second “logical time,” separated from infancy by the latency period, in order to confirm (in action) that a fixed position of jouissance (enjoyment) has actually been established. This can only happen in a period after adolescent enhancement. The distinction between perverse traces and a perverse structure is made, taking into account the fact that, in the case of child analysis, the analyst should free the child from the family fantasy and help him/her to build his/her own fantasy.

Campos Santoro V. et al. Perversion und Kindheit und Adoleszenz.

Im Studium der Arbeiten von Freud und Lacan haben die Autoren Forschung über Perversion in der Kindheit gemacht. Die Studien behandeln den perversen Polymorphismus der infantilen Sexualität und die Wahrnehmung des anatomischen Unterschiedes zwischen den Geschlechtern, welche das Kind dazu führt, Sexual-Theorien und Phatasien zu schaffen.

Die phallische Mutter und der Fetisch werden als imaginäre Lösungen angesehen, die sich direkt auf den Ödipus- und Kastrations-Komplex beziehen. Bei der Perversion wird eine besondere Position in Bezug auf den Ödipus angenommen; ein ernsthafter Mangel tritt bei der Symbolisierung des Rechts auf; die Mechanismen der Verneinung und der Verleugnung bilden sich. Sexualität erfordert eine zweite “logische Zeit”, von der Kindheit durch die Latenz Periode getrennt, um (in der Handlung) zu bestätigen, daß eine fixierte Position der jouissance (Vergnügung) sich tatsächlich etabliert hat. Das kann sich nur in einer Periode nach der adoleszenten Verstärkung ereignen.

Es wird die Unterscheidung zwischen perversen Spuren und einer perversen Struktur gemacht, in Rechnung stellend, daß im Fall der Kinder-Analyse der Analytiker das Kind von der Familien-Phantasie befreien sollte und ihm/ihr helfen sollte, seine/ihre Phantasie auszubilden.

Campos Santoro V. Perversión e infancia y adolescencia.

Estudiando los trabajos de Freud y Lacan, los autores han investigado la perversión en la niñez. Los estudios cubren la sexualidad infantil perversa polimorfa y la percepción de la diferencia anatómica entre los sexos, que llevan al niño a crear teorías sexuales y fantasías.

La madre fálica y el fetiche son vistos como soluciones imaginarias relacionadas directamente con el complejo de Edipo y de castración. La perversión, toma una posición particular en relación al Edipo; un fallo importante tiene lugar en la simbolización de la ley; los mecanismos de negación y repudio toman forma. La sexualidad requiere un segundo “tiempo lógico” separado de la infancia por el periodo de latencia, para confirmar (en acto) que una posición fija de jouissance (goce) se ha establecido. Esto solo puede ocurrir en un periodo posterior a la intensificación adolescente.

La distinción entre las huellas perversas y la estructura perversa se ha hecho, teniendo en cuenta que, en el caso del análisis de niños, el analista debe librar al niño de la fantasía familiar y ayudar a el/ella a construir su propia fantasía.     

神圣、凡俗与净明、忠孝

本文结合有关宗教学理论,对宋元净明道所推崇的"净明"、"忠孝"概念进行了解析.作者以为:宋元净明道视世俗性的道德实践为"神圣"的宗教修炼,实与宗教学中的凡俗可以"转换"为神圣之理论相合;而净明道徒的这种"转换",则多与其个体的"宗教体验"有关.至于元代净明道借"无极"概念来释"净明",以"净明"为回复宇宙根源之境界,则合于宗教人经验到与万物的根源、终极的本体或神圣的世界契合之感.换言之,宋元净明道的"净明"、"忠孝"说,实与各种宗教的本质有着相通之处.