组织承诺研究的进展与展望

该文采取多测度分析的方法,从理论基础,概念性定义和操作定义,量表的信度、效度和影响变量等方面对组织承诺的已有研究进行回顾和分析。发现现有的组织承诺概念比较冗余,需要进行有效的整合,现有组织承诺量表需要在内容效度、汇聚效度和区分效度等指标上进行深入探索;目前关于组织承诺的研究多从离职/留职意向的角度进行探讨,缺乏从雇佣关系的角度进行的系统研究;需要进行纵向研究以获得组织承诺和其他一些员工态度变量之间的因果关系;后续研究可以从中介变量和调节变量的角度,详细考察组织承诺的不同维度的交互作用。     

规则聚焦对创业决策的影响机制

在创业决策的研究中,决策规则是一个被忽视的问题。研究调查了277名创业者,对被试的四种规则聚焦水平进行了协方差分析和分组回归分析。结果发现,因为规则聚焦的不同,创业决策的效标存在较大差异,且机会识别与创业决策之间的关系存在紧密性、选择性和偶发性三种关联模式。     

人文医学实证研究论文中亟需澄清的几个问题

无论是自然科学研究领域还是社会科学研究领域,所关注概念的属性不外乎是名称变量、顺序变量、间隔变量和比率变量四种。实证研究的目的就是查找这些变量之间的差异,相互关系以及对某些变量变化趋势的预测。在我国人文医学领域的实证研究论文中,存在对概念的界定模糊、不严谨、把握不准等问题。在进行实证研究时对研究方法的应用和研究数据结果、意义的解读存在偏差,影响了实证研究的结果、结论的科学性和说服力。要改变这种局面,树立和培养人文医学学者的科学精神是必要前提。     

追踪研究在组织行为学中的应用

追踪研究是一种通过引入时滞, 以探索变量动态变化趋势和变量之间相互关系的调查研究方法。近年来, 在组织行为学中, 追踪研究越来越受到学者们的关注, 追踪研究成果也在逐渐增加, 但是大多数研究者尤其是国内研究者, 对追踪研究尚缺乏全面正确的认识。追踪研究设计可以依照重复测量之间的时间间隔长短进行分类, 不同的类型对应不同的样本量、调查方式和统计分析方法, 未来可以拓展追踪研究在团队和领导力、组织文化和变革以及员工激励等方面的应用, 或开展跨文化的追踪研究。     

主体思维结果与客体本质属性不一致的相关因素分析

本文首先引出人脑思维主体（简称 主体）的思维结果与被思维客体（简称 客体）本质属性之间的一致度量（简称 一致度）和不一致度量（简称 不一致度），然后再对影响主体思维结果和客体本质属性不一致的相关因素进行分析。     

探索社会科学与自然科学融合的新尝试──读《统一价值论》

人的价值观可以进行数学分析吗？诚实和虚伪程度能否进行度量？人的心智水平能否用“情商”和“智商”两参量来精确确定？劳动价值量与劳动时间、劳动强度、劳动熟练度及劳动复杂度等变量之间到底存在什么样的函数变量关系？怎样把一般的经济规律、社会规律及人际交往规律...     

实证研究中的因果推理与分析

心理学期刊中的实证研究论文,很多时候都在检验变量之间的因果关系,但学界对因果研究存在一些不同的看法。本文试图回答下面问题:(1)实验中不能操纵的变量是否可以作为原因?(2)非实验研究能不能检验因果关系?(3)因果分析(尤其是中介分析)是否一定要使用追踪数据?追踪设计的主要目的是什么?通过因果要素和因果推理逻辑的辨析,对前面两个问题都给出了肯定的回答,并讨论了判明变量先后顺序、统计控制无关变量的方法;为了回答问题3,厘清了追踪设计在因果分析中的作用:区分变量的先后顺序、有效获得历时性的影响结果,但即时性的因果影响采用追踪设计可能是不合适的。     

组织内信任的影响因素

现代企业组织呈现结构扁平化趋势,组织内信任显得更加重要。结合国内外相关文献归纳出度量组织内信任的结构维度,并以其为主线追溯其前因变量和后果变量。鉴于东西方文化差异所造成信任的前因变量存在一定的差异,故前因变量的探索和确定可以为度量中国企业组织内信任提供更准确合理的依据;后果变量的探索和确定可以为提高组织绩效提供理论指导     

语法启动与言语产生中的语法表征

通过对语法启动研究的总结,对言语产生过程中语法编码过程进行了研究,说明了Pickering和Branigan提出的网络模型可以很好地描述言语产生中语法加工的过程。尤其是在产生大于一个词汇的短语或句子时,存在词条层关联节点的激活。关联节点可以编码语法规则,与言语产生过程中的语法加工直接相关     

大学生自我同一性、核心自我评价与主观幸福感的关系研究

目的:探讨大学生的自我同一性发展状态、主观幸福感和核心自我评价之间的关系。方法:采用自行翻译的核心自我评价量表,生活满意度量表和情感平衡量表对江苏省南通市310名大学生进行调查。结果:(1)方差分析表明,核心自我评价在延缓状态和获得状态下均差异显著;延缓和获得状态在主观幸福感的三维度上均差异显著;(2)相关分析表明,延缓状态和获得状态下的核心自我评价与生活满意度、正性和负性情感的相关显著;(3)回归分析表明,自我同一性对核心自我评价和主观幸福感各维度回归效应显著,核心自我评价在自我同一性与主观幸福感之间存在部分中介效应。结论:自我同一性和核心自我评价均可作为主观幸福感的预测变量,核心自我评价是自我同一性和主观幸福感之间的一个中介变量。     

政治技能与自我效能感对职业适应能力的影响——自尊的中介作用

本研究采用问卷调查法, 以492名高校大学生为研究对象,探索政治技能和自我效能感对大学生职业适应能力的影响及自尊的中介作用。结果表明：（1）政治技能和自我效能感对个体的职业适应能力有积极影响。（2）自尊在政治技能和职业适应能力之间,自我效能感与职业适应能力之间起着双重中介作用。     

Re‐Acculturation and Adaptation Among Adolescents From Returned Portuguese Immigrant Families1

The aims of this study were to investigate the degree of psychological and sociocultural adaptation among adolescents from returned Portuguese immigrant families and the factors that may predict adaptation. The study sample consisted of 360 adolescents from returned Portuguese immigrant families who answered a self‐report questionnaire. A control group involving 217 Portuguese youths was also included in the study. Adolescents from returned immigrant families revealed similar levels of psychological adaptation and better sociocultural adaptation in comparison with peers who have never migrated. Predictive factors—sociodemographic and intercultural contact variables—were significantly linked to youths' adaptation. It is concluded that perceived discrimination plays an essential role in re‐acculturation outcomes.     

员工政治自我效能对组织公民行为的影响研究：心理资本的调节作用

本研究以来自5家公司的272对主管与员工之间的配对数据为样本,探讨了员工政治自我效能与组织公民行为间的关系以及心理资本的调节作用。研究结果表明：政治自我效能与组织公民行为之间呈现倒U型的关系,当员工政治自我效能较低和较高时,组织公民行为都比较低,而当他们的政治自我效能处于中等水平时,组织公民行为最高;心理资本对组织公民行为具有积极的促进作用,同时能够减弱员工政治自我效能对组织公民行为的倒U型影响。     

Factors of style and personality

In an attempt to find relationships between psychological and linguistic variables, style samples of short stories, 300 words each, were analyzed according to formal criteria and the results were correlated with scores on personality tests. The number of significant correlations supported the hypothesis that style is related to personality. A factor analysis, using the principal component solution and Varimax rotation (Harman, 1967), of the correlation matrix resulted in six identifiable factors of style, three factors of psychological tests, and a large number of small factors, each represented only by two to five experimental variables with significant loadings. A significant loading for interpretation purposes was defined in agreement with Guilford (1956) as 0.30 or greater, positive or negative. A close examination of style factors led to the tentative differentiation of a basic language factor as resulting from grammatical constraint, and several factors of subjective style of individuals. Some of these later factors had enough loadings on personality variables to permit cautious psychological interpretation.     

生活事件对民族院校大学生心理的影响——以某高校搬迁校区为例

通过访谈法和问卷法调查了生活事件对民族院校大学生心理的影响。研究结论如下:(1)生活事件(校区搬迁)对民族院校大学生一般焦虑心理的产生有重要的影响。(2)民族院校大学生的现实性焦虑和轻度焦虑之间差异显著;焦虑心理得分在性别、年级、专业之间呈现显著差异,而在民族、家庭所在地之间差异不显著。(3)民族院校大学生在心理适应性方面普遍在中等水平以上,而且差异不显著;心理适应性得分在性别、年级、民族、家庭所在地和专业之间差异是不显著的。(4)民族院校大学生焦虑心理和心理适应性具有负相关,且这一相关极为显著。     

The mediators of minority ethnic underperformance in final medical school examinations

Background. UK‐trained medical students and doctors from minority ethnic groups underperform academically. It is unclear why this problem exists, which makes it difficult to know how to address it. Aim. To investigate whether demographic and psychological factors mediate the relationship between ethnicity and final examination scores. Sample. Two consecutive cohorts of Year 5 (final year) UCL Medical School students (n= 703; 51% minority ethnic). A total of 587 (83%) had previously completed a questionnaire in Year 3. Methods. Participants were administered a questionnaire in 2005 and 2006 that included a short version of the NEO‐PI‐R, the Study Process Questionnaire, and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) as well as socio‐demographic measures. Participants were then followed up to final year (2007–2010). White and minority ethnic students’ questionnaire responses and final examination grades were compared using univariate tests. The effect of ethnicity on final year grades after taking into account the questionnaire variables was calculated using hierarchical multiple linear regression. Results. Univariate ethnic differences were found on age, personality, learning styles, living at home, first language, parental factors, and prior education. Minority ethnic students had lower final exam scores, were more likely to fail, and less likely to achieve a merit or distinction in finals. Multivariate analyses showed ethnicity predicted final exam scores even after taking into account questionnaire factors. Conclusions. Ethnic differences in the final year performance of two cohorts of UCL medical students were not due to differences in psychological or demographic factors, which suggests alternative explanations are responsible for the ethnic attainment gap in medicine.     

The relation of formal education to ethnic prejudice: Its reliability,validity and explanation

This paper examines three issues concerning the frequently documented negative correlation between formal education and ethnic prejudice, namely its reliability, its validity and the manner in which it is mediated. Reliability is demonstrated across three indices of ethnic attitudes in seven representative samples drawn from four European countries (West Germany, Netherlands, France, Great Britain; total N=3788). The hypothesis that this correlation reflects only the tendency of more highly educated respondents to give more socially desirable answers and not true attitude differences was inconsistent with the finding from the survey data that educational level also correlated negatively with responses to an index of subtle prejudice. Results from an experiment employing the bogus pipeline procedure similarly refute this hypothesis, indicating that significant education-related differences in expressed prejudice remain under conditions in which the tendency to give socially desirable responses is reduced. Finally, path analysis based on the survey data show that part but not all of the association between low education and ethnic prejudice is mediated by social psychological variables, particularly group relative deprivation, perceived belief incongruency, political conservatism, and acceptance of inter-ethnic contact.     

《教师权威认知问卷》的编制

为揭示影响中小学生对教师权威认知的因素而编制教师权威认知问卷。通过对所收集的项目进行因素分析,得到了一个包含6个因子,即“师德与知识”、“规则”、“道德”、“情感”、“个人生活”、“处理方法”,共27个项目的教师权威认知问卷。     

青少年学生公益心内隐观研究

公益心是个体在公益行为中表现出来的比较稳定的人格特征。以435名青少年为被试，采用内隐观调查法搜集了具有公益心特征的形容词或短语，通过分类与合并找到了能代表具有公益心特征的80个形容词；然后，通过489名青少年对这些形容词或短语的评定得分，采用探索性因素分析得到了青少年公益心的四个因子，即同情友爱、环境意识、集体意识、热情自信；最后，对另外351名青少年的形容词问卷得分进行了验证性因素分析，结果表明青少年公益心四因素模型的拟合度较好，从而确认了青少年公益心的四因素结构模型。     

文化融入与中国留学生的适应

本研究的目的是探讨两个维度 (主族和客族文化认同 )、四种方式 (整合、分离、同化和边缘 )及其与中国留学生适应的关系。采用一套问卷测验 (包括文化融入指数、社会文化适应问题及主观幸福感等测验量表 )调查了在澳大利亚的 1 57名中国留学生。结果表明在调查的中国留学生中 ,整合者占40 1 % ,分离者占 42 7% ,同化者占 8 3% ,而边缘者占 8 9% ,中国留学生的主族和客族文化认同指标均与心理适应指标有显著的正相关 ;在心理适应方面 ,整合者最好 ,其次为同化者和分离者 ,最差为边缘者。对于留学生出国前的选拔和培训 ,出国后的教育与学习 ,有关部门和学校应重视其文化认同和文化融入方式等因素 ,以便更好地帮助留学生适应新的环境 ,提高留学生教育质量。