中学生笔记策略及其干预研究

做笔记(note-taking)是学生在听课和阅读时普遍使用的学习策略,借此可适当记录所学内容以促进记忆和思考,从而有效控制自己的认知过程和对材料信息的加工,有助于发现和建立新旧知识的内在联系,建构对知识的理解。本研究运用调查法、实验法和训练法对中学生的笔记策略进行实证研究。第一,通过自编问卷调查了中学生的笔记策略运用状况并揭示其特点;第二,通过实验研究探索了学生笔记水平与学业成绩的关系,并分析笔记策略运用的影响因素;第三,运用训练法比较了笔记策略辅导的不同方式对学生的影响,探讨学习策略辅导有效性的影响因素。本研究对认知心理学研究的重要领域~学习策略研究以及学校心理辅导的重要工作~学习策略辅导具有一定的启迪作用。     

大学生课堂笔记策略现状研究

采用现场研究和自编问卷来考察大学生课堂笔记学习策略的现状与特点。结果表明：（1）大学生都知晓课堂笔记的重要性,价值认知上不存在差异,但记笔记的具体行为存在着课程、性别和学科差异;（2）大学生记笔记的动机,主要是为了应付考试。但笔记利用率很低;（3）大学生记笔记的技术,大多采用传统做法,很少用到更主动概括、更利于认知发展的线性技术和矩阵技术,且文科、理科和艺术类学生没有差别;（4）女生在课堂笔记质量上的得分显著高于男生;（5）课堂笔记质量与学习成绩存在极其显著的正相关。     

青少年自我同一性发展的相关因素研究述评

自我同一性形成和发展是青少年的重要课题。本文在综合中外学者研究的基础上,分别从认知发展、家庭环境、学校教育、社会文化等方面因素对青少年自我同一性发展的影响进行了概括和总结。     

问题意识对学业成绩的影响:笔记策略的中介作用——基于大学生笔记文本的内容分析

基于笔记文本的内容分析法系统地考察了大学生的问题意识和笔记策略状况,以及二者与学业成绩的关系。结果发现:(1)基于笔记文本的内容分析法能有效地了解大学生的问题意识状况,以及笔记策略的使用种类、频次和实际水平;(2)大学生笔记策略种类丰富且存在优势笔记策略,但问题意识相对薄弱;在问题意识、笔记策略和学业成绩上均存在显著的水平和性别差异。(3)大学生的问题意识、策略数量、策略频次与学业成绩之间呈显著正相关,问题意识对学业成绩的影响以笔记策略数量为中介。     

论作为中介的《危机笔记》——从黑格尔《逻辑学》到马克思“《资本论》的逻辑”

马克思在1858年1月14日致恩格斯的书信中提出了写辩证法的哲学夙愿。列宁以来,对这一夙愿背景的研究,经历了从《资本论》到兼及《大纲》,再到首重《大纲》的过程。这其中,学界对《危机笔记》的研究是不充分的。本文从以下几方面论证《危机笔记》是马克思辩证法夙愿的直接中介：《危机笔记》剪报的材料性质与此信所说的“材料加工的方法”吻合;体现马克思危机认识的标题目录的形成与此信的时间吻合;《危机笔记》是从抽象上升到具体方法的运用,其辩证方法与《大纲》《资本论》相呼应;《危机笔记》结构与《逻辑学》对应,在政治经济学批判计划层面补充了列宁以来的相关研究。这对于完整理解“《资本论》的逻辑”形成史具有重要的理论意义。     

关于记笔记策略的研究综述

文章在纵观国外研究资料的基础上,论述了记笔记是否有利于学习的诸多观点,从信息加工的角度论述了笔记的贮藏功能假说与编码功能假说。在此基础上,阐述了笔记生成作用的产生条件与发生时间。提出了记笔记的技术问题,具体分析了线性方法与矩阵型技术优于传统笔记方法的主要方面。同时对国内的有关研究状况也进行了概括总结。     

关于记笔记策略的研究综述

章在纵观国外研究资料的基础上,论述了记笔记是否有利于学习的诸多观点,从信息加工的角度论述了笔记的贮藏功能假说与编码功能假说。在此基础上,阐述了笔记生成作用的产生条件与发生时间。提出了记笔记的技术问题,具体分析了线性方法与矩阵型技术优于传统笔记方法的主要方面。同时对国内的有关研究状况也进行了概括总结。     

材料呈现方式和复习与否对中文电子笔记学习学习效果的影响

笔记策略的“转换假说”指出：将听觉材料写下来比将视觉材料写下来的学习效果更好。本研究以此为基础,以104名大学生为被试,采用多元方差分析的方法,探讨了材料呈现方式和复习与否对拼音键入的中文电子笔记的即时和延时学习效果的影响。结果发现,电子笔记在视觉材料上比在听觉材料上的即时学习效果更优;在间隔一周后的延时重测中,复习后的延时学习效果显著优于不复习,但复习在视觉材料组和听觉材料组中的促进作用无显著差异。     

社会再生产理论的构型与资本主义批判理论的初步建构——经济哲学语境中的《伦敦笔记》研究

《伦敦笔记》是马克思第三次经济学研究的原始记录。在这一笔记中,马克思在货币理论、社会再生产理论和资本主义危机理论方面,都取得了重要进展。首先,在货币理论上,马克思已经克服了"通货学派"和"银行学派"的缺陷,形成了自己独特的货币理论。其次,在社会再生产理论上,马克思已经形成了狭义再生产、广义再生产和日常意识再生产三个理论层次的建构,实现了对资本主义社会再生产理论的基本构型。再次,在危机理论上,马克思已经看到了资本主义社会再生产的界限,揭示了资本主义经济危机的内在根源,初步建构了资本主义批判理论。     

关于学习倦怠的研究综述

近年来国内外学者开展了一系列学习倦怠的研究,本文拟从学习倦怠概念的界定、学习倦怠的结构及其测量、学习倦怠的影响因素等三个方面,总结了近年来国内外的学者对学习倦怠进行的研究,对其进行了评价,并展望了未来的研究方向。     

Note-taking habits of 21st Century college students: implications for student learning,memory, and achievement

ABSTRACT

Students rely on their notes to memorise and learn critical course content, and recent studies of note-taking state that most students take notes, citing a survey published in 1974. Over the past four decades, classrooms and note-taking technologies have evolved: students can take notes on electronic devices, and some classes are entirely online. Despite these changes, few studies have investigated their impact on note-taking habits. Given that note-taking is critical for student learning, the purpose of the present study was to update the literature on students’ general note-taking behaviour and investigate the impact of these newer technological advances on note-taking. We surveyed 577 college students, using questions from prior surveys and new questions relevant to technology. As per prior studies, students still reported taking notes in classrooms, and as important, students reported flexibility in their note-taking by (a) using a notebook or a laptop depending on course demands and (b) often deciding not to take notes in online courses. Thus, students are flexible in their note-taking behaviour, but may not always make the best decisions about how and when to take notes.     

Conditional effects of interventions in note-taking procedures on learning: A meta-analysis

Abstract:  A meta-analysis was conducted on 17 studies (27 separate samples and 73 effect sizes) examining the effects of interventions in the note-taking procedures on learning from lectures or texts. The overall mean weighted effect size ( d ) for the intervention groups versus the no intervention groups was 0.02. To explore what factors influence the intervention effects, moderator analyses were conducted separately for intervention type, schooling level, presentation method, publication source, and publication year. The results indicated that students at a lower schooling level gained some benefits from the interventions, whereas students at a higher schooling level did not. Also, the intervention effects were greater for journal articles than for doctoral dissertations and Education Resources Information Center reports. Other variables did not significantly account for the variance in effect sizes.     

Note-taking in the employment interview: effects on recall and judgments

Although note-taking in the employment interview is highly recommended, little research has examined its effects. This study investigated the effects of note-taking styles, review of the notes, and content of the notes on participants' cued recall of information and decisions made from videotaped employment interviews. Note-taking increased recall accuracy but not judgment accuracy. Being able to review notes resulted in increased judgment accuracy for those taking conventional-style notes. The content of the notes also had important implications for conventional note-takers, suggesting some benefits of recording notes using the key-points style. The findings suggest that the act of note-taking may be more important for memory and legal reasons than for improving the decisions made by interviewers.     

The Read-Recite-Review Study Strategy: Effective and Portable

ABSTRACT— Two experiments with college students investigated the effectiveness of the 3R (read-recite-review) strategy for learning from educational texts. The 3R strategy was compared with rereading and note-taking study strategies using free-recall, multiple-choice, and short-answer inference tests immediately after study and after a 1-week delay. In Experiments 1 and 2, 3R improved immediate and delayed free recall of fact-based passages, relative to the rereading and note-taking strategies. In Experiment 2 , which used longer, more complex passages on engineering topics, performance on multiple-choice and problem-solving items was better in the 3R than in the rereading condition, and was equivalent in the 3R and note-taking conditions, though 3R took less study time than note taking. An inherent advantage of 3R relative to other testing methods for improving learning is that 3R is under the learner's control. These results indicate that it is also an efficacious study technique that capitalizes on the mnemonic potency of retrieval and feedback.     

Effects of Guided Notes on Enhancing College Students’ Lecture Note-Taking Quality and Learning Performance

This study investigates the intervention effects of guided notes on college students’ quality of lecture note-taking and learning performance under the provision of outline notes. It adopted a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest–delayed-posttest design. Sixty-five undergraduates from two psychology classes in a university were recruited as participants. One class was assigned to the experimental group and the other to the control group. Students in the experimental group were provided with outline note plus guided note handouts and asked to complete the guided notes in class, whereas students in the control group received outline note handouts only. The results showed that (1) in the delayed posttest, the experimental group performed better than the control group on the quality of note-taking; (2) in the posttest and delayed posttest, the experimental group performed better than the control group on learning performance; (3) the experimental group had a positive attitude towards the guided notes.     

Intentional forgetting: Note-taking as a naturalistic example

In the present study, we examined whether note-taking as a memory aid may provide a naturalistic example of intentional forgetting. In the first experiment, participants played Concentration, a memory card game in which the identity and location of pairs of cards need to be remembered. Before the game started, half of the participants were allowed to study the cards, and the other half made notes that were then unexpectedly taken away. No significant differences emerged between the two groups for remembering identity information, but the study group remembered significantly more location information than did the note-taking group. In a second experiment, we examined whether note-takers would show signs of proactive interference while playing Concentration repeatedly. The results indicated that they did not. The findings suggest that participants adopted an intentional-forgetting strategy when using notes to store certain types of information.     

The Efficacy, Safety, and Practicality of Treatments for Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Studies examining interventions for adolescents diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were reviewed to evaluate their efficacy. These efficacy findings were supplemented with a preliminary system for judging safety and practicality. Results suggest that the stimulant drug methylphenidate (MPH) is safe and well-established empirically, but has some problems with inconvenience and noncompliance. Preliminary research supports the efficacy, safety, and practicality of some psychotherapeutic interventions, including behavioral classroom interventions, note-taking training, and family therapy. Treatment with tricyclic antidepressants was judged to have minimal empirical support and debatable safety. Very little is known about long-term effectiveness of treatments, long-term compliance, or multimodal treatments for adolescents such as stimulants plus behavior therapy.     

心理治疗的过程研究

心理治疗的过程研究是辨识心理治疗的活性成分和改变机制,是心理治疗效果研究的重要领域。心理治疗过程研究的最新进展体现在研究内容的扩展,研究方法的改进及研究结果的新发现等方面。对未来研究的几点建议：活性成分的层次性观点,改变机制的双线研究及与治疗过程模型的结合,借鉴邻近学科的研究成果,改善RCTs时间设计,关注质化研究,临床工作者与研究者的合作,以及开展本土化研究。