哈萨克族牧民定居与饮食文化的变迁

哈萨克族的饮食有着浓厚的游牧生活的特点,本文通过对哈萨克牧民饮食文化的研究,来探索哈萨克族饮食文化的变迁。     

江苏民众生活方式的30年变迁

生活方式研究强调差异性。本文的研究视角以纵向的历史演进为参照,以定量和定性描述相结合的方法,对比改革开放初期到进入21世纪后,江苏城乡居民生活方式的历史轨迹,包括日常的劳动生活方式、消费生活方式、闲暇生活方式、交往生活方式以及婚姻家庭领域的前后差异及其相关特征。     

当代藏区尼众道场的经营与变迁——以个案调查为例

随着经济体制的改革和藏族地区社会的发展,藏区的尼寺在社会层面出现了一些引人注目的变化。在管理层面上,尼寺在一种新的机制寺院民主管理委员会并结合传统组织模式的管理下更加组织化、秩序化;在经济层面上,古老的靠布施或供养赖以生存的寺院经营形式逐渐得到改变,尼寺的经济与世俗经济逐渐契合,发挥各自的优势来拓宽寺院经济发展的空间,寻找自己的发展和经营之道;作为藏传佛教的载体或外在形式,尼寺以自己宗教实体的方式延伸到藏族社会生活的各个层面,承载着宗教的各种事务,在宗教活动中扮演着重要角色,在藏族社会生活中树立了自己的权威和形象。     

研究社会文化变迁的新视角——表征相似性分析：以老年人心理健康为例

在心理学及其他社会科学研究中,社会变迁研究主要使用单维度线性分析方法探索特定心理或行为的变化趋势以及影响社会变迁的潜在因素,缺乏对多维变量内部结构变迁的关注,也难以比较不同尺度的社会变迁现象。本研究将介绍一种从模式角度进行社会变迁研究的方法——表征相似性分析,并以1998～2018年间对中国老年人健康影响因素的纵向追踪数据(CLHLS)与对应时期的社会文化变迁测量为实例,演示如何构建多维度的表征相似性框架,依次介绍多变量单维模式分析[时间、空间、心理与意识空间(Mental space,简称“意间”)]、多变量跨维度模式分析(意间-时间,意间-空间,意间-时间-空间)、跨尺度模式分析(地区-国家)、概念模式分析,以及表征相似性分析与传统方法的耦合分析,随后展望了表征相似性分析的拓展方向。     

从生活方式的变迁浅谈视觉有机设计

设计的目的是为了提高生活质量。传统设计模式是建立在原有的生活状态基础上的,持续变迁的生产生活方式也要求设计语言、设计观念的进步。在如今这个现代有机主义设计时期,人们的生活方式向着更健康、更绿色、更人性化的方向迈进。有机设计宣扬人文情怀、舍弃掉了过于刻板和冷酷的几何造型,不单对生产工艺有所要求,也重视产品功能性的体现,同时也不会忽视形式对人们使用感受所产生的影响,推崇返璞归真的产品设计,使受众的审美体验回归产品本质,让产品更具生命力。从社会环境变迁的角度来审视当下视觉传达设计,可以促进设计师以人为本、以美化生活为目的来重塑设计,重塑生活。     

美国民事诉讼标的内涵的变迁——以诉讼方式的发展为主线

美国诉讼方式体制给实务操作造成了巨大的麻烦,在无法适应社会发展之后便被单一诉讼程序体制所取代.这次诉讼程序的改革也是英美法制定实体法的一次大胆尝试.法典诉讼改革的失败将美国法推向了实用主义一边,同时孕育了新诉讼标的理论.     

传统神灵信仰在当代的变迁与适应——以福建闽清金沙堂张圣君信仰为例

本文通过对福建闽清金沙堂张圣君信仰的个案考察,探讨在当前农村城镇化快速发展的大背景下,传统的民间信仰是如何做出积极的自我调整和主动适应,指出张圣君信仰作为传统农业神在当代的复兴除了国家政治大背景的宽松之外,其悠久的历史传承和行为惯性、地方化的阐述和期望、与时俱进的信仰民俗,管理人员注重信仰联谊、文化层次的提升并积极参与地方的现代化进程,是传统农业神在当今成功转型和复兴的主要因素.     

美国行政伦理研究视点的变迁——以《公共行政评论》为例

<公共行政评论>作为美国公共行政学会会刊,反映出了行政伦理研究视点在20世纪的变迁.40-60年代,行政伦理研究从改变公共行政学的价值中立预设开始,以行政责任为关注点,从行政伦理的外部控制与内部控制研究,发展到关注行政组织、行政制度的伦理内容研究.70年代,以"社会公平与公共行政"为研究焦点形成新公共行政学派.80年代,关注对"行政伦理"立法的反思,建构"公民主义"的研究进路.90年代,研究方法与研究立场逐渐多元化,研究视阈拓展.21世纪初,批判进路的行政伦理研究继续深化发展,学者也关注行政伦理学发展过程中显现出来的一些具体问题.     

全真道与地方社会传统——以山东潍县玉清宫为考察中心

近年来,关于全真道与地方社会关系的研究日益显现出活力,成为理解中国社会政治和文化结构的重要路径。考察金元至民国时期以山东潍县玉清宫为中心的全真道发展,聚焦其宫观生活、社会面向与教派建构的关系,关注全真道与儒、佛乃至地方之俗的互融过程,理清其中不同人物和阶层的角色扮演,可以在更广泛的意义上探索全真教崛起与地方礼俗传统再造之间的复杂互动关系。     

文化的转变与适应——以天主教玛利诺会为例

玛利诺会(Maryknoll)全称美国天主教外方传教会(Catholic Foreign Mission Society of America),总部位于纽约市郊一个小山丘上(knoll的意思是小山丘),院内竖立着一尊圣母玛利亚塑像,故得此名(玛利诺意为圣母山)。玛利诺会是美国第一个天主教传教会,1911年经教皇批准在罗马正式成立,总部设在纽约。中国是玛利诺会对外传教的第     

“均”之思：社会转型期思想变化的一个案例

先秦诸子针对现实问题集中阐发了包括均地、均政与均贫富等在内的均观念。均地之议主要从保民生、尽民力、土地管理及赋税征收等角度生发,均政之议包含均平爵禄、均用民力、均治天下等不同层面。相关论议的产生有其背景:一是战国时期生产水平的大幅提高,使得小家庭从宗族中分离出来成为独立经济单位;二是官—民二元格局形成,需要建立新的社会与政治伦理关系;三是华夏文化圈统一趋势日益明显,均平天下成为主流思潮。诸子均之思,不管是均地、均政抑或均贫富,都切中了社会现实问题,少有虚渺玄远的内容,相较西周时期产生了根本性的转变,体现了战国时期个体价值的发现,是其时建立新的社会与政治伦理关系的重要组成部分。     

Gendered Patterns of Experience in Social and Cultural Transition: The Case of English-Speaking Immigrants in Israel

This study aimed to connect between work on the impact on the self as a consequence of the immigration process an theories of gender. It was based on semistructured interviews with 12 English-speaking immigrants to Israel. The data were analyzed using grounded theory (A. Strauss & J. Corbin, 1990, 1994) to examine the difficulties that the immigrants felt when leaving and since being in Israel, their methods of coping and their views of what constitutes a successful immigration. Two major patterns were identified, each of which rested on a different self need that appeared to have been affected by the immigration process: (1) the need to feel competent and (2) the need to feel a sense of belonging. Although most of the interviewees talked of both needs being damaged or affected to some extent, there was a strong tendency for the women respondents to place belonging needs in the foreground of their accounts and for men to place competence needs in theirs. Such results can be understood in the context of feminist theories of self that distinguish between women's sense of self, built in relation through connection to others, and men's sense of self, built around the concept of separation.     

Social Exclusion and the Transition from School to Work: The Case of Young People Not in Education, Employment, or Training (NEET)

In the modern labor market what Côté (1996) describes as “identity capital”—comprising educational, social, and psychological resources—is at a premium in entering and maintaining employment. One consequence is the extension of education and training while young people acquire the qualifications and skills that will enhance their employability. In accordance with the perspective of life span developmental psychology, this places particular pressure on those young people growing up in disadvantaged circumstances and lacking support, especially when attempting to negotiate the transition from school to work. A particular policy concern in Britain has been directed at those young people who leave full-time education at the minimum age of 16 and then spend a substantial period not in education, employment, or training (NEET). This article reports the result of analyzing longitudinal data, collected for a subsample of the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study surveyed at age 21, to model the relationship of NEET status to earlier educational achievement and circumstances and to assess the added difficulties NEET poses in relation to the building of adult identity capital. It is concluded that although poor educational achievement is the major factor in entering NEET, inner city living for boys and lack of parental interest in their education for girls are also important. For young men the consequences of NEET lie mainly in subsequent poor labor market experience. For young women, the majority of whom are teenage mothers, the damaging effects of NEET extend to the psychological domain as well. It is concluded that effective counseling targeted at high risk groups, along the lines of the new UK “ConneXions” service, are needed to help young people avoid the damaging effects of NEET and make a successful transition to adult life.     

The Lifecycle of Evolution: Power,Progress, and Purpose in the Advance of Civilization

This paper presents a framework for understanding that rather mysterious process by which life evolved into diverse biological species, then produced humankind, founded civilization, and is now creating high-tech societies that are entering space. A macrotechnological analysis reveals that evolution fundamentally consists of seven waves of technological innovation forming a "Life Cycle of Evolution," which is roughly comparable to the ordinary life cycles of all organisms. Finally, I note that this organic process of planetary development is drawn inexorably toward heightened awareness, existential choices, and other transcendent concerns for the same reason all phases of progress have evolved-out of sheer necessity.     

Theorizing Gerontology: The Case of Old Age, Professional Power, and Social Policy in the United Kingdom

This article examines the interrelationship between old age, professional power, and social policy. In particular, dominant theoretical models in social gerontology are reviewed and an alternative framework for understanding social gerontological issues—Foucauldian gerontology—is advanced. Foucauldian narratives are employed to delineate the historical relationship between professional social work and recent social policy for older people in the United Kingdom. In addition, a Foucauldian framework employed to examine identity formation, professional practices, and policy narratives enriches and widens the disciplinary subject matter of theorizing aging studies. The structure of this article is in three parts: review of theories of aging with an introduction of Foucault's potential contribution to gerontological analysis, the historical overview of the instigation of professional intervention in modernity and the changing roles and responsibilities in relation to older people utilizing Foucault's (1977) genealogical method, and the exploration and application of Foucault's key notion of governmentality (1977; Rose & Miller, 1992) in the analysis of social policy for older people.     

Diversity in the Conversational Repertoire: The Case of Conflicts and Social Pretending

Interpersonal conflicts and sequences of misunderstandings of the interpretative frame (as "real" or "pretend") were examined in the videotaped interactions of 19 pairs of preschool-age children. Several linguistic/pragmatic devices employed for disambiguating frame and for handling opposition during the planning and conducting of play activity were identified and discussed. The devices are characteristic of a mitigated style of interactional response. The dual requirements of mutual agreement on interpretative frame and maintenance of willing collaboration in the construction of make-believe play are hypothesized to underlie the relatively sophisticated level of disambiguation and conflict-handling observed in these interactions.     

社会转型与民间信仰变迁——泉州个案研究

泉州是我国民间信仰最为繁盛发达的地区之一,也是改革开放后经济社会急剧转型的地区之一。转型社会的几个典型特征——城市化进程加快、人口流动性加大、经济快速提升以及现代社团组织制度初步确立,给泉州民间信仰以深刻影响。泉州民间信仰因之表现出从传统时代民众的公共性事务,向当代信徒的私人性事务过渡的趋势。     

Social Customs and Demographic Change: The Case of Godparenthood in Catholic Europe

This article analyzes social norms regulating the selection of godparents in Italy and France. Based on Vatican statistics and European Values Study responses, the vast majority of children in Catholic Europe are baptized and birth rituals are considered important even by nonbelievers. Moreover, the dominant custom of selecting godparents from among kinsmen is a recent development, based on historical data. A new survey about the selection of godparents in Italy and France, conducted for this study, shows that godparents are chosen not for religious, but for social‐relational reasons. Selection of kinsmen is the norm, with uncles and aunts being the majority choice. For Italy, choice determinants are explored by means of multinomial regressions. The results are contrasted with demographic change to show that in lowest‐low fertility countries current godparenthood models are bound to disappear.     

当前基督教与民间信仰共处情况的调查与分析——以闽南H县J镇为例

在基督教和民间信仰的发展都很强势的地区,基督教和民间信仰之间的共处关系,受到基督教的全球地域化特征的强烈影响:基督教地域化后出现的民间信仰化趋势,使得基督教日益被接纳为乡土社会的组成要素;而基督教的全球化特征,又使得它与乡土社会之间始终存在着一定的张力。在基督教与民间信仰既混融又紧张的环境下,闽南H县J镇民众在社会资本与宗教资本之间的理性选择行为,给乡土社会的信仰秩序的建构带来了复杂的图景。     

Gender Differences in Happiness: the Effects of Marriage,Social Roles,and Social Support in East Asia

Studies in Western countries and cross-national comparisons have shown that there are several important factors contributing to the level of happiness of individuals. Utilizing the East Asian Social Survey Health Module (2010), the present study examines this relationship in four East Asian countries: China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. East Asian countries are an interesting case for this inquiry, due to the cultural contexts such as traditional gender relations. Therefore, we focus on gender differences in predictors of happiness of individuals and attempt to answer four questions: (1) Do gender differences in happiness exist in East Asian countries? (2) Does marriage still serve as the norm and thus contribute to individual’s happiness? (3) Does conforming to traditional gender roles (i.e., employment and parenthood) contribute to individual’s happiness? (4) Is the availability of social support (i.e., emotional, financial, and instrumental) positively associated with individual’s happiness? We find that there are gender differences in the determinants of happiness in East Asian countries. The result also indicates that marital status is a strong indicator of happiness in East Asian countries, especially for men but not necessarily for women. In addition, full time employment is positively associated with men’s happiness in China but negatively associated with women’s in Japan. Finally, social support is positively associated with individual’s happiness, especially for women.