工作倦怠结构的验证性因素分析

用所编制的工作倦怠问卷,先后对541名被试的调查,对工作倦怠的结构进行探讨。结果表明,工作倦怠由耗竭、人格解体和成就感降低三个因素构成。工作倦怠的三因素结构模型在三个职业样本的验证性因素分析中都得到了支持。工作倦怠问卷的信度与效度指标也都达到了心理测量学的要求。     

教师教学效能感和工作倦怠的关系

为探讨教师效能感与其工作倦怠之间的关系,利用教师教学效能感问卷和工作倦怠问卷对247名中学教师进行施测。结果表明（1）教龄长短和婚姻状况对教师的个人教学效能感（p〈O．01）、人格解体（p〈0．01）和成就感降低（p〈o-01）具有显著的影响;（2）教师的一般教育效能感对其工作倦怠的耗竭因素具有显著的预测作用（p〈0．01）;（3）教师的个人教学效能感对其工作倦怠的人格解体（p〈0．01）和成就感降低因素（p〈O．01）具有显著的预测作用。     

教师工作倦怠研究综述

工作倦怠是在以人为服务对象的职业领域中,个体的一种情感耗竭、人格解体和个人成就降低的症状。该文对教师工作倦怠的原因及其影响因素进行了分析,最后,还对工作倦怠的测量和诊断问题进行了介绍。     

小学教师核心自我评价、应对方式与工作倦怠的关系

采用核心自我评价量表、应对方式问卷、工作倦怠量表对广州市425名小学教师进行问卷调查,考察核心自我评价对小学教师工作倦怠的影响以及应对方式在其中所起的中介作用.结果表明:(1)核心自我评价对小学教师的情感耗竭、人格解体、成就感降低都具有显著的负向预测作用.(2)应对方式在核心自我评价对小学教师工作倦怠的影响中起着中介作用.其作用路径为:核心自我评价直接和通过积极应对和消极应对间接影响情感耗竭,核心自我评价通过积极应对和消极应对间接影响人格解体,核心自我评价直接和通过积极应对间接影响成就感降低.     

工作倦怠评价标准的初步探讨

本研究运用工作倦怠问卷、一般健康问卷和自尊量表对四个样本的834名被试进行调查,初步制订了工作倦怠的评价标准。结果发现：（1）可以以耗竭分数〉25、人格解体分数〉11、成就感降低分数〉16作为工作倦怠的临界值;（2）工作倦怠从程度上可以分为零倦怠、轻度倦怠、中度倦怠和高度倦怠四种水平;（3）工作倦怠的评价标准具有较好的区分效度。     

教师倦怠与自尊、心理健康和离职意向的关系

为探讨教师倦怠与自尊、心理健康和离职意向之间的关系,利用工作倦怠问卷、自尊问卷、一般健康问卷和离职意向问卷对350名教师进行施测。结果表明:(1)耗竭对自尊、心理健康和离职意向有显著的预测作用(p<0.01),人格解体对自尊有显著的预测作用(p<0.01),成就感降低对自尊和心理健康有显著的预测作用(p<0.01);(2)自尊部分中介耗竭和成就感降低对心理健康的影响(p<0.01),并能完全中介人格解体对心理健康的影响(p<0.01)。     

护士工作应激与倦怠的关系

依据Maslach等的理论构想,利用中式工作倦怠量表和工作应激问卷,通过对175名护士的调查,考察工作应激与倦怠之间的关系。结果表明,奖赏不足和价值观冲突对耗竭具有显著的预测作用;工作负荷、缺乏控制和共同体瓦解对人格解体具有显著的预测作用;共同体瓦解对成就感降低具有显著的预测作用。     

家庭状况对交警情绪状态的影响

目的:研究一线交警情绪状态以及家庭变量的影响.方法:从陕西省某市随机抽取259名一线交警,使用马氏倦怠问卷中文版(CMBI)和中国心理健康量表(CMHI)测查其工作和生活中的情绪体验.结果:(1)81.5％的交警出现了工作倦怠,其中有62.1％出现耗竭;耗竭得分显著高于人格解体和成就感降低;心理健康与情绪体验得分均低于全国平均水平.(2)已婚、有孩子、与配偶和子女合住的交警耗竭更为严重,家庭变量对生活情绪体验没有影响.结论:交警情感耗竭严重,情绪体验差;家庭带来的压力大于所提供的支持.     

教师工作倦怠的调查研究

采用工作倦怠问卷(BM)对429名教师进行调查,初步探寻BM问卷的评价标准,考察不同层次学校教师的工作倦怠检出率,结果发现:⑴ BM问卷三因素的临界值分别为:耗竭分数＞34,士气消沉分数＞30,动机丧失分数＞18;⑵教师的工作倦怠检出率以轻度倦怠为主,小学教师具有高的耗竭(35.6%)和士气消沉检出率(37%),高中教师具有高的耗竭检出率(35.4%),大学教师具有高的动机丧失检出率(34.9%),而初中教师相对较低;⑶教师的工作倦怠依据程度的差异可以划分为零倦怠、轻度倦怠、中度倦怠和高度倦怠四种水平.     

教学效能感与教师工作压力及工作倦怠的关系

采用问卷法对728名中学教师的工作压力、教学效能感对其工作倦怠的影响进行研究,结果发现:工作压力不仅直接导致工作倦怠,还通过影响教师的教学效能感从而导致工作倦怠;教学效能感是工作压力和工作倦怠之间的部分中介.作用路径为:工作压力直接和通过降低一般教学效能感导致情绪衰竭,工作压力直接和通过降低一般教学效能感与个人教学效能感导致人格解体,工作压力通过降低个人教学效能感导致成就感低.     

Self-handicapping and burnout

Self-handicapping is a process containing strategies of externalization in which an individual can excuse failure and internalize success. This study investigated the relationship of self-handicapping with measures of burnout. The Self-handicapping Scale and the Maslach Burnout Inventory were administered to 309 university students. Self-handicapping was positively correlated to emotional exhaustion, lowered personal accomplishment, and depersonalization. A structural equation model fit the data well and accounted for 20% of the variance in emotional exhaustion, 14% in lowered personal accomplishment, and 10% in depersonalization.     

Facteurs de stress et burnout chez les enseignants de l’école primaire

This study examines the relations between the three dimensions of the burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and decrease of personal accomplishment) and their associations with stress factors as perceived by the teacher. Using a sample of 787 elementary school teachers, we put to the test a theoretical model with path analysis. We achieve with a structural model that brings to light that personal accomplishment is determined directly by personal exhaustion and indirectly through depersonalization. The latter is influenced by negative relations with parents. Except this effect, the model also shows that the others sources of stress influence directly the emotional exhaustion. This study also confirms the three-dimensional structure of the French version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI).     

Communal Orientation and Burnout Among Self-Help Group Leaders

To assess the relationship between burnout, communal orientation, and leaders' perceptions of balance in their relationships with group members 102 self-help group leaders were interviewed. Leaders had low to moderate levels of burnout as measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory subscales of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. As hypothesized, leaders' communal orientation was negatively related to the burnout subscales of depersonalization and personal accomplishment. Contrary to the study hypothesis, burnout was not related to balance. It was speculated that the salience of need-based norms in the group's helping relationships reduced expectations of reciprocity. The findings illustrate the usefulness of applying equity theory to studies of helping relationships within the setting of self-help groups.     

Components of Burnout,Resources, and Gender-Related Differences1

The present study examined gender-related differences in the ways social support and coping contribute to burnout, as measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Specific hypotheses were made regarding relationships between antecedent conditions and MBI subscales, including emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and lack of personal accomplishment. Respondents were teachers, and data from 2 waves (1 year apart) were examined. Using LISREL structural equation analyses, results were that in women, co-worker support led to lower emotional exhaustion, and in men, supervisor and co-worker support led to higher personal accomplishment. Higher levels of internal control were associated with greater accomplishment in men only. Results were discussed from a gender role perspective.     

Toward a process model of burnout: Results from a secondary analysis

In this article, causal relations among three dimensions of burnout, as measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory, were examined. Three causal models were examined using data from five earlier published longitudinal studies. Models were fitted using structural equation modelling (SEM) with multi-group analysis. In the best fitting model, personal accomplishment synchronously influenced depersonalization and depersonalization on its turn synchronously influenced emotional exhaustion. Practical implications of this model for the prevention of burnout were suggested.