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1.
This study tested Rusbult’s (1980, 1983) investment model of relationship commitment and stability using data from both partners
of 3,627 married couples. As pre-dicted, spouses’ satisfaction, investments, and quality of alternatives were unique predictors
of their commitment to the marital relationship. Additionally, commitment assessed at the initial testing predicted marital
termination or stability 18 months later. Multiple-group path analyses showed that the investment model provided an adequate
fit to the data and that the associations among variables were similar for husbands and wives. Limitations of the model as
well as directions for future research are consid-ered.
This research used the American Couples, 1975-1978, data set [made accessible in 1992, computer data]. These data were collected
by Philip Blumstein and Pepper Schwartz and are available through the archive of the Henry A. Murray Research Center of Radcliffe
College, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Producer and Distributor). This paper is based on work supported under a National Science
Foundation Graduate Fellowship awarded to Emily A. Impett and a UCLA Academic Senate Research Grant to Letitia Anne Peplau.
The authors are very grateful to Kevin Kim and Jodie Ullman for statistical consulting and Brian Doss for comments on an earlier
draft. 相似文献
2.
This research aimed to assess the potential of alternatives to extrinsic pecuniary rewards for cultivating employees’ commitment
in denominational higher education institutions in Indonesia. Two ethics-related variables, namely ethical climates and ethical
ideologies, were chosen as possible predictors. A model delineating the nexus between ethical climates types, ethical ideologies,
and various forms of organisational commitment was developed and tested. A two-step structural equation modelling procedure
was used as the primary means in testing the hypothesised relationships. The research involved staff of nine Catholic higher
education institutions in Indonesia and comprised 642 respondents. Results of the research revealed a negative relationship
between egoistic climates and affective commitment. Benevolence climate was shown to have potential for generating not only
affective, but also continuance commitment. However, our results suggested those climates that cultivate continuance commitment
needed further examination. Principle-based climates were found to positively influence staff’s affective commitment through
their positive impacts on staff’s idealistic ethical ideology. As expected, the principle-cosmopolitan was shown to have a
negative influence on relativism. A number of managerial and scholarly implications are discussed. 相似文献
3.
Majdandžić M de Vente W Feinberg ME Aktar E Bögels SM 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2012,15(1):28-42
Research into anxiety has largely ignored the dynamics of family systems in anxiety development. Coparenting refers to the
quality of coordination between individuals responsible for the upbringing of children and links different subsystems within
the family, such as the child, the marital relationship, and the parents. This review discusses the potential mechanisms and
empirical findings regarding the bidirectional relations of parent and child anxiety with coparenting. The majority of studies
point to bidirectional associations between greater coparenting difficulties and higher levels of anxiety. For example, the
few available studies suggest that paternal and perhaps maternal anxiety is linked to lower coparental support. Also, research
supports the existence of inverse links between coparenting quality and child anxiety. A child’s reactive temperament appears
to have adverse effects on particularly coparenting of fathers. A conceptual model is proposed that integrates the role of
parental and child anxiety, parenting, and coparenting, to guide future research and the development of clinical interventions.
Future research should distinguish between fathers’ and mothers’ coparenting behaviors, include parental anxiety, and investigate
the coparental relationship longitudinally. Clinicians should be aware of the reciprocal relations between child anxiety and
coparenting quality, and families presenting for treatment who report child (or parent) anxiety should be assessed for difficulties
in coparenting. Clinical approaches to bolster coparenting quality are called for. 相似文献
4.
Georgia Panayiotou 《International journal of psychology》2005,40(2):108-117
Rusbult's investment model of close relationships posits that commitment is a function of satisfaction with the relationship, investments made, and attractiveness of alternatives. Relationship quality is also affected by how partners handle distress and conflict. They may practise exit (leave the situation), voice (speak out their concerns), loyalty (wait loyally for the problem to pass), or neglect (passive‐aggressive or avoidant tactics). Sternberg's triangular theory of love, on the other hand, posits that the ingredients of a successful relationship are passion, intimacy, and commitment. All three are required to produce long‐lasting consummate love, whereas the absence of any of the components leads to other types of relationships such as friendships and infatuations. These models have received cross‐cultural validation in previous research. Their applicability to dating relationships in Cyprus was tested in this study. The primary aim was to examine the applicability of these models to dating relationships in Cyprus and the second aim was to examine whether a combination of these models predicts relationship commitment better than either model alone. An additional goal was to add to the particularly scarce research on intimate relationships among Cypriots. Results indicate that both models are predictive of commitment, but that the triangular model does not add to the predictive power of the investment model. On the contrary, the concept of investment, as measured by the investment model, appears to be important in the understanding of commitment in dating relationships. Conflict resolution styles were also related to relationship quality, consistent with the predictions of the investment model, but in variance with findings regarding married couples in Cyprus. Results are discussed in light of the relevant models, and in comparison to findings of prior research regarding the application of the investment model to marital relationships. The role of the cultural context is also addressed. 相似文献
5.
6.
We investigated the associations among marital relationship quality, mothers’ parenting styles, and young children’s sibling
relationship quality drawing on the principles of family systems theory. Survey data were collected from 130 mothers who had
a target child (mean age = 4.6 years) with a sibling close in age. The sample consisted of participants who self-identified
as Mexican-American (49%), European-American (20%), and Taiwanese in Taiwan (24%). Structural equation modeling was used to
test the direct and indirect effects of marital relationships on children’s sibling relationship quality through parenting
styles and the reciprocal association between sibling relationship quality and parenting styles. The findings revealed evidence
of a direct effect of marital relationships on sibling relationship quality and bidirectional relations between sibling relationships
and parenting styles. The importance of research on bidirectional associations between sibling relations and parenting styles
is discussed. 相似文献
7.
Infidelity is a major factor in causing marital dissolution and dissatisfaction in North America. Similarities in personality
traits influence the desire for a monogamous relationship commitment. The present study examined differences between cheaters
and non-cheaters on Goldberg’s (1990) “Big-Five Personality Factors”: Extroversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional
Stability, and Intellect-Openness. One hundred and four participants volunteered to answer a questionnaire on personality
traits about themselves and their monogamous partners. A total of 45 males and 59 females rated themselves and an equal number
of partners on the traits (n = 208). Results revealed statistically significant differences between cheaters and non-cheaters on the five-factor model.
Differences were also found between both of the group’s perceptions of themselves and their monogamous partners on these factors.
We wish to thank the editor and reviewers of this journal for their helpful and precise comments towards revisions of this
publication. The primary author also wishes to thank Dr. Kevin Alderson for his suggestions on earlier drafts of this paper. 相似文献
8.
Infidelity is a major factor in causing marital dissolution and dissatisfaction in North America. Similarities in personality
traits influence the desire for a monogamous relationship commitment. The present study examined differences between cheaters
and non-cheaters on Goldberg’s (1990) “Big-Five Personality Factors”: Extroversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional
Stability, and Intellect-Openness. One hundred and four participants volunteered to answer a questionnaire on personality
traits about themselves and their monogamous partners. A total of 45 males and 59 females rated themselves and an equal number
of partners on the traits (n = 208). Results revealed statistically significant differences between cheaters and non-cheaters on the five-factor model.
Differences were also found between both of the group’s perceptions of themselves and their monogamous partners on these factors.
We wish to thank the editor and reviewers of this journal for their helpful and precise comments towards revisions of this
publication. The primary author also wishes to thank Dr. Kevin Alderson for his suggestions on earlier drafts of this paper. 相似文献
9.
Sofia Gameiro Mariana Moura-Ramos Maria Cristina Canavarro Teresa Almeida Santos Frank M. Dattilio 《Contemporary Family Therapy》2011,33(2):91-106
In this study we examined the congruence between partners’ perceptions of their marital relationship during the transition
to parenthood and the effect of depression during pregnancy on couples’ congruence during the early postpartum period. Thirty-one
couples who conceived spontaneously, along with thirty-five who conceived through assisted reproductive technologies (ART),
provided data on their marital relationship and depression at their 24th pregnancy week and four months after the partum.
All couples reported a decrease in marital congruence. Couples who conceived through ART reported lower marital congruence.
For these subjects, women’s depression was associated with lower congruence. Interventions that focus on strengthening the
marital relationship across the transition to parenthood should assess and promote couples’ congruence. 相似文献
10.
The present study explored several dispositional factors associated with individual differences in lay adult’s interpretation
of when an arguer is, or is not, committed to a statement. College students were presented with several two-person arguments
in which the proponent of a thesis conceded a key point in the last turn. Participants were then asked to indicate the extent
to which that concession implied a change in the proponent’s attitude toward any of the previous statements in the argument.
Participants designated as ‘liberal’ used the concession to infer substantial change in commitment to earlier statements in
the argument. A group designated as ‘conservative’ were reluctant to make any such inferences. A discriminant analysis indicated
that variables assessing participants’ attitudes toward argument as well as their cognitive and communication styles jointly
predicted their liberal or conservative status. The discriminant function and follow-up group comparisons indicated that liberals
were more likely than conservatives to engage in argument. This included a greater tendency to use argument as a source of
knowledge. Liberals also employed a more sophisticated message design logic than conservatives on a communication task. The
groups did not clearly differ with respect to participants’ implicit theory of argument, though trends were present that merit
attention in future research. Implications of these findings for future research on lay interpretations of commitment are
discussed. 相似文献
11.
Silvia Macher 《European journal of social psychology》2013,43(1):84-96
This article introduces the actor–partner‐interdependence–investment model (API‐IM) that was developed to add a dyadic perspective to Rusbult's investment model. The API‐IM is based on interdependence theoretical assumptions and the actor–partner interdependence model. Two studies were conducted to investigate the reliability of the API‐IM. Relationship satisfaction, investment size, quality of alternatives, and relationship commitment were assessed at both partners of 77 (Study 1) and 162 (Study 2) married and unmarried heterosexual couples. Path analyses that applied a structural equation modeling framework revealed a dyadic model that significantly predicts women's and men's commitment by actor effects of satisfaction, investments, and alternatives, and partner effects of satisfaction. Actor and partner effects of satisfaction were significantly moderated by relationship duration and marital status. Marital status also significantly moderated the actor effect of alternatives. The API‐IM supports the concept of social interdependence in close relationships, and it is discussed as a sound dyadic extension of the investment model. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
Simon Lloyd D. Restubog Prashant Bordia Sarbari Bordia 《Journal of business and psychology》2009,24(2):165-178
Purpose The purpose of the study was to examine the combined interactive effects of a situational variable (procedural justice) and
a dispositional (equity sensitivity) variable on the relationship between breach and employee outcomes.
Design/methodology/approach Data were obtained from 403 full-time employees representing a wide variety of business sectors in the Philippines. Supervisors
were requested to provide an assessment of their subordinate’s civic virtue behavior.
Findings Results showed that equity sensitivity and breach interacted in predicting affective commitment. The negative relationship
between breach and affective commitment was stronger for employees with an input-focused approach to organizational relationships
(referred to as benevolents) than for those with an outcome-focused approach (referred to as entitleds). Results also indicated
a stronger negative relationship between contract breach and civic virtue behavior under conditions of high procedural justice.
Finally, a three-way interaction was found between contract breach, procedural justice and equity sensitivity in predicting
affective commitment.
Implications Our findings provide a new insight suggesting that worse outcomes are to be anticipated especially if employees have an expectation
that procedural justice can prevent any form of contract breach. In addition, although previous research has portrayed benevolents
as more accepting of situations of u under-reward, this study has demonstrated that they too have their limits or threshold
for under-reward situations.
Originality/value This research suggests that the type and intensity of one’s reactions to psychological contract breach is influenced by interactive
forces of the individual’s disposition and the organizational procedures.
A portion of this paper was presented at the 64th annual meeting of the academy of management meeting, New Orleans, USA, August,
2004. 相似文献
13.
Either despite or because of their non-traditional approach, megachurches have grown significantly in the United States since
1980. This paper models religious participation as an imperfect public good which, absent intervention, yields suboptimal
participation by members from the church’s perspective. Megachurches address this problem in part by employing secular-based
group activities to subsidize religious participation that then translates into an increase in the attendees’ religious investment.
This strategy not only allows megachurches to attract and retain new members when many traditional churches are losing members
but also results in higher levels of an individual’s religious capital. As a result, the megachurch may raise expectations
of members’ levels of commitment and faith practices. Data from the FACT2000 survey provide evidence that megachurches employ
groups more extensively than other churches, and this approach is consistent with a strategy to use groups to help subsidize
individuals’ religious investment. Religious capital rises among members of megachurches relative to members of non-megachurches
as a result of this strategy. 相似文献
14.
Marital commitment and satisfaction are known to be closely related, but only limited research has examined the asymmetric interaction patterns between spouses. In this paper, the authors study 400 Chinese couples and find that communication mediates the relationship between marital commitment and marital satisfaction. Using the actor–partner interdependence model, they find that wives and husbands show asymmetric associations for marital commitment, communication and satisfaction. Specifically, compared with husbands, wives are more attuned to the path from marital commitment to marital satisfaction via communication. Implications and limitations are discussed. 相似文献
15.
Richard B. Slatcher 《Social and Personality Psychology Compass》2010,4(7):455-469
Marriage – the most important adult relationship in most people’s lives – has been theorized to affect biological processes, physical health, and mortality. This article highlights key findings in marriage and health research, focusing on the interpersonal processes through which marriage has been proposed to affect health. A model of marriage and health is presented that incorporates both main and stress-moderating effects of negative marital experiences –marital strain– and positive marital experiences –marital strength. Although many more studies have investigated marital strain than marital strength, current evidence suggests that both have potent effects on biology and health. The article concludes with a discussion of implications of this research for social and personality psychology, focusing on insights that may be gained from basic relationship science. Examples of three areas of relationship research – intimacy processes, commitment processes, and dyadic analysis – and their potential relevance for marriage and health research are presented. 相似文献
16.
Michael T. McFall 《Philosophia》2011,39(4):657-672
The decision to get married, as well as choosing whom to marry, is of the utmost importance to most people. This decision
consists of many amoral considerations, but an ethical relationship arises when a promise is made, especially a vow that binds
for a lifetime and affects oneself, one’s spouse, one’s children, and society. This essay provides an account of ideal romantic
marriage, arguing that John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty provides an excellent foundation for constructing such an account. Neither dead dogma nor living truth is a healthy model
for marriage, so a hybrid model of marriage, living dogma, is developed. The importance of the marital vow becomes apparent
as the living dogma account is revealed, and this examination yields a model for how to decide when and whom to marry. 相似文献
17.
The Epigenetic model of understanding marital expectations of Bhatti focuses on the domains of (a) expectations from the partner,
(b) expectations from marriage, (c) expectations of and from the partner’s family of origin, (d) expectations of the institution
of marriage, and (e) the concept of an “ideal partner,” and helps in understanding how martial expectations are influenced
by various factors in the person’s life. The underlying assumption is that the spouses enter the marriage with expectations
(on all the above mentioned domains), which are facts and exist at a conscious level in the social reality. These indicators
further evolve, refine, and change across the span of the marriage. This model has formed the framework for marital therapy
and other interventions. This paper highlights the application of this model in marital therapy with couples with marital
dysfunction. 相似文献
18.
Claudia J. Haferkamp 《Current Psychology》1994,13(3):248-262
Relationships among relationship beliefs, self-monitoring and conflict behavior were examined in 74 married couples. It was
predicted that dysfunctional relationship beliefs would be negatively correlated with marital satisfaction and that high self-monitoring
spouses would endorse more dysfunctional relationship beliefs and display more disagreeing and leadership conflict behavior.
Dysfunctional beliefs were negatively correlated with satisfaction but low and high self-monitors did not differ in their
conflict behavior. Discriminant analyses indicated that marital distress was a function of endorsement of dysfunctional relationship
beliefs; decreased satisfaction with decisions; increased conflict relevance; and increased impression management reflected
in high self-monitoring orientations among husbands and wives’ beliefs that their husbands were not behaving “normally.” The
contribution of gender and impression management to marital distress is discussed.
This study was funded by a University of Wisconsin-Madison faculty research grant awarded to the author. 相似文献
19.
20.
E. Mark Cummings Mona El-Sheikh Chrystyna D. Kouros Joseph A. Buckhalt 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2009,12(1):3-15
Exposure to marital psychological and physical abuse has been established as a risk factor for children’s socio-emotional,
behavioral, and cognitive problems. Understanding the processes by which children develop symptoms of psychopathology and
deficits in cognitive functioning in the context of marital aggression is imperative for developing efficient and effective
treatment programs for children and families, and has far-reaching mental health implications. The present paper outlines
our research program, Child Regulation and Exposure to Marital Aggression, which focuses on children’s emotional and physiological reactivity and regulation as pathways in the marital aggression–child
development link. Findings from our research program, which highlight the importance of children’s regulatory processes for
understanding children’s adjustment in contexts of intimate partner violence, are presented, and future directions in this
line of inquiry are outlined. 相似文献