Personality structure of Mexican Americans using the Comrey Personality Scales

The Comrey Personality Scales (CPS) were used to examine the personality structure of 176 Mexican American college students. A majority of the eight factors maintained substantial loadings and corresponded closely with Comrey's normative sample as well as with Brazilian and New Zealand samples. Two factors, Conformity and Orderliness, showed the weakest fit across all four groups. Overall, the CPS shows adequate measurement properties for "normal" personality assessment among Mexican Americans and is preferable to instruments such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). However, the external validity of the CPS with clinical populations must first be determined prior to its use to assess psychopathology among Mexican Americans.     

Theories of Personality: Interpretations of Reality and the Formation of Personality

The history of humanity is the history of the human quest for the understanding of reality. While the quest continues, the reality remains ungrasped. This is so because we are contextual beings. We grasp reality from within our existential contexts. Hence, what we have is our interpretation, and we act in accord with the reality that we have come to embrace. With the hermeneutical process leading to the formation of personality, the actuality of reality is constantly being reinterpreted through human behavior.     

Length of Personality Inventory and the Evaluation of a Generalized Personality Interpretation

Subjects were given the same generalized personality interpretation based on personality inventories differing in length. The short inventory was seen as more efficient than the two longer forms. While no significant differences were noted between forms in terms of accuracy and depth of the interpretation, in percentage terms the short form was more favorably evaluated.     

论和谐人格

和谐人格赋予人格以鲜明的价值内涵,它强调构成人格的内部各要素完整平衡、健康积极,表征人格的外部行为体现着与他人的和谐、与社会的和谐、与自然的和谐.当今时代,倡导与塑造和谐人格是促进人的全面自由发展的内在要求,是建设社会主义和谐社会的时代要求,是摆脱人类困境的现实选择.教育在个体和谐人格的构建中发挥着特殊作用,立足于和谐人格培养的教育必须重构教育理念、丰富教育内容、和谐校园文化、创新教育方法.     

论女性人格

人格是人的生物性、主体性及社会性相互作用的动态系统。女性人格的历史发展大致呈现出 :无人格——人格男性化——人格独立化的态势。当代社会中女性人格呈现多元化的特征 ,但以人本身为价值尺度的独立型人格是女性人格发展的方向。     

Validation of the Five-Factor Model Personality Disorder Prototype Counts with the Personality Assessment Inventory

Five-factor model (FFM) personality disorder (PD) prototype scores drawn from the revised NEO-Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) have demonstrated strong convergent validity with clinical measures of PD (Miller in Journal of Personality, 80, 1565–1591, 2012). However, an examination of the relations between the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey 1991), which is widely used in personality assessment research, and the FFM PD prototype “count” method, has not been conducted. The present study examines the convergent validity of the FFM borderline, antisocial, and psychopathy prototype counts with the Borderline Features (BOR) and Antisocial Features (ANT) full scales and subscales from the PAI. Furthermore, the BOR and ANT scales are correlated with all 30 NEO-PI-3 facets to empirically evaluate the rationally-selected facet scales used in the borderline, antisocial, and psychopathy PD counts. Five hundred thirty-five undergraduate students completed both the NEO-PI-3 and the PAI. The PD counts demonstrated strong convergent and discriminant validity with the PAI clinical scales. Facet-level analyses generally supported the structure of the PD count formulas, and the exceptions align with previous evidence that the Competence, Dutifulness, and Self-Discipline facets (from the Conscientiousness domain of the FFM) associate strongly with the BOR scale.     

从传统现实人格到现代理想人格

经济、社会的发展 ,离不开人的发展 ,而人的发展的最终目标乃是造就高尚健全的人格。上个世纪初的文化“启蒙” ,即所谓“改革国民性”的任务 ,就是为了追求这一目标。一百年来 ,传统社会的外部形态起了巨变 ,然而“国民性格”的改造并未取得长足进展。面向新世纪 ,启蒙的任务更加紧迫了。但是今天 ,我们的国家 ,正处于历史上的最好时期 ,有良好的内部外部条件 ,因此我们相信 :在物质经济迅速发展的基础上 ,通过国家领导、人文学者、广大民众举国上下的一致努力 ,在新世纪一定能完成“国民性”改造任务 ,实现全体国民从传统现实人格向现代理想人格的转化 ,从而实现从传统到现代的社会转型 ,最终成为名副其实的现代化国家。     

A General Factor of Personality in the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III, the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology, and the Personality Assessment Inventory

A General Factor of Personality (GFP) occupies the apex of the hierarchy in three prominent personality disorder inventories. On the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III, a GFP accounted for 41% of the variance in two second-order factors, 31% of the variance in five first-order factors, and 26% of the variance in all 24 scales. On the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology, a GFP accounted for 61% of the variance in six first-order factors and 36% of the variance in all 18 scales. In a cross-validation study of the Personality Assessment Inventory, a GFP accounted for 65% of the variance in two second-order factors, 47% of the variance in five first-order factors, and 27% of the variance in all 18 scales.     

Readability of Three Adult Personality Tests: Basic Personality Inventory,Jackson Personality Inventory,and Personality Research Form-E

Three personality tests, the Basic Personality Inventory (BPI), the Jackson Personality Inventory (JPI), and the Personality Research Form-E (PRF-E) were evaluated for readability using a number of indices. Sentence length, word length, sentence type, and four readability formulas indicated that the readability of the BPI, JPI, and PRF-E would not impede the administration or interpretation of these tests in broad segments of the population.     

No evidence for a General Factor of Personality in the HEXACO Personality Inventory

There have been an increasing number of articles that have speculated on the existence of a General Factor of Personality (GFP) similar to ‘g’ in intelligence research. In this study, I provide evidence that this general factor may be an artifact of the personality instrument used. Specifically, in two samples I show that depending on the type of analysis used there is either no evidence for a GFP in the HEXACO Personality Inventory or the GFP is found to be uncorrelated to GFPs based on Big Five or FFM instruments.     

Specific Personality Traits and General Personality Dysfunction as Predictors of the Presence and Severity of Personality Disorders in a Clinical Sample

This study examined the associations of specific personality traits and general personality dysfunction in relation to the presence and severity of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed. [DSM–IV]; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) personality disorders in a Dutch clinical sample. Two widely used measures of specific personality traits were selected, the Revised NEO Personality Inventory as a measure of normal personality traits, and the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire as a measure of pathological traits. In addition, 2 promising measures of personality dysfunction were selected, the General Assessment of Personality Disorder and the Severity Indices of Personality Problems. Theoretically predicted associations were found between the measures, and all measures predicted the presence and severity of DSM–IV personality disorders. The combination of general personality dysfunction models and personality traits models provided incremental information about the presence and severity of personality disorders, suggesting that an integrative approach of multiple perspectives might serve comprehensive assessment of personality disorders.     

Personality and the Pursuit of Happiness

Although people pursue life outcomes because they believe that these outcomes will make them happy, research shows that external life circumstances have a surprisingly small effect on happiness and subjective well-being. In contrast, personality traits and other stable factors appear to play a more important role in happiness. Happiness is heritable, stable over time, and moderately to strongly associated with personality characteristics. Empirical support for these conclusions is reviewed, and more recent evidence that challenges strong interpretations of personality effects is discussed. Although the effects of personality are robust, long-term levels of happiness can and do change.     

A Comparison of the Psychological Entitlement Scale and the Narcissistic Personality Inventory's Entitlement Scale: Relations With General Personality Traits and Personality Disorders

Two studies on the relations between various styles of defense and the power or validity of self-reports on objective personality questionnaires. The power of individual items on the Rotter Internal-External Locus of Control scale to discriminate between subjects defined as internals or externals by a median-cut procedure using the total score was not affected by the presence Or absence of a projective defensive style. However, the presence of repressive tendencies did appear to restrict item power. Prediction from two achievement scales taken from Gough's California Psychological Inventory was not influenced by level of repression, was affected somewhat adversely by a projective style, and was most clearly contaminated by a rationalizing defense. It was proposed that the differential effects of defensive styles upon the validity of personality tests depended upon the convergence or divergence of the cognitive operations involved in the type of defense and in the type of personality measure.     

Development of the Apperceptive Personality Test

The rationale for a new, objectively scored apperceptive technique, the Apperceptive Personality Test (APT) is presented. Drawing primarily on the history and experience of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) and similar picture-story devices, an eight-card set comprised of stimulus cards depicting recognizable people in everyday settings was developed. An effort was made to portray various combinations of young and old, male and female, and to include persons of minority status. Each card is briefly described and standard administration procedures are presented. Objective scoring is provided by the APT Questionnaire, a six-item format that allows the subject to directly provide codable responses derived from the narrative stories. Computer-assisted scoring procedures are described for a select set of variables. Preliminary findings of some basic psychometric properties of the APT and relations with other standard tests are reported.     

Unfolding the Measurement of the Creative Personality

Gough's Creative Personality Scale (CPS) is a self‐report personality inventory for creativity assessment. We investigated the undimensionality and the response process on the CPS from an ideal point (unfolding) perspective. The Graded Unfolding Model (GUM) was used to model binary responses and participants were 228 engineering students who completed a Greek version of the CPS. Results support the undimensionality of the CPS construct and suggest that unfolding measurement models may provide new insights to the assessment of creativity.     

Personality and the psychology of religion

Abstract

Three major personality dimensions were identified: extroversion, neuroticism and psychoticism. According to the theorizing, extraversion and psychoticism were predicted to be negatively related to religiosity, whereas neuroticism was positively related. The evidence has generally failed to support the predictions with respect to extraversion and neuroticism. However, low psychoticism is consistently related to religiosity, and this relationship is stronger with respect to the personal rather than public orientation to religion. Most of the available evidence is correlational in nature, so it is very difficult to explain this relationship. Future research should be broadened to include longitudinal studies and mood manipulations in order to clarify the processes underlying the potentially important links between psychoticism and religiosity.