转型时期俄罗斯青年信仰的变化

转型时期,由于经济下滑,俄罗斯人民的生活水平显著下降,社会问题频频出现,特别是苏共解散,意识形态出现了真空,因此作为人们精神需求的信仰也发生了变化,尤其是俄罗斯青年人的信仰变化显著,青年人的信仰不仅关系到他们的价值追求与行为取向,而且是关系到俄罗斯国家未来发展的大问题.     

从碑刻看明清时期张掖的民间信仰

本文依据祠庙碑刻,对明清时期张掖的民间信仰进行考察,发现其最显著的特点有三:第一,祠庙林立,神祗繁多,民间信仰兴盛;第二,职掌雨旸的神祗在张掖民间信仰中占有重要地位;第三,具有消除寇盗、保边安民功能神祗的信仰极其繁盛.这些特点的形成,既与当时政治背景有关,又与张掖的地理交通、自然气候和社会历史密切相连.     

关于民间信仰问题的若干思考

在我国,由于历史传统和现实的原因,真正意义上的宗教徒(如正式受洗的天主教、基督教徒)在人口中的比例并不高,但民间信仰的善男信女在民间的分布可以说是汪洋大海。就这部分群众而言,其信仰心理、信仰习惯、信仰感情与法定宗教的教徒没有什么根本区别。从“大宗教”的角度看,我国无疑是一个“宗教大国”,我们必须正视这个现实。     

三明市民间信仰的调查与思考

三明市地处闽西北,面积2．3万平方千米,先民大多是避乱南迁的中原人,在世代生息繁衍中,为了求得精神的安慰、神灵的保佑,逐渐形成自己独特的民间信仰。三明市民间信仰的宫庙最早创建于唐代年间,盛于明清。解放后,因“文化大革命”等原因,大多数宫庙曾一度被移作他用或被拆毁、关闭。据初步统计,目前全市12个县(市、区)具有一定规模和影响的民     

信仰与民间权威的建构——民间信仰仪式专家研究综述

民间社会权威历来是学术界研究的重点问题之一。一般而言,民间信仰之仪式专家可分为广义的与狭义的两大类,前者以传统儒生为主,同时是民间信仰的总领或组织者;后者则直接是民间信仰仪式的主持人或主祭者。本文试图从固有的研究论著中梳理出民间权威与民间信仰仪式专家的内在关系,重点关注民间信仰三类仪式专家的身份及其神圣性即卡里斯玛的来源,用比较的方法梳理不同仪式专家如礼生、香花和尚、火居道士以及萨满等仪式专家之间的异同,进一步讨论他们与民间社会权威的复杂关系。     

广府民间信仰中的女神信仰探略

学界对于民间信仰中女神信仰的研究自20世纪70、80年代以来日益增多,以女性神癨众多的闽台地区的研究成果更为丰硕。而广府地区的女神信仰历来比较兴盛,且颇具地方特色,如女神大多与水、婚姻生育、刺绣之类的行业相关。然而,相关学术研究却远不及闽台地区之盛。对包括女神在内的民间信仰研究关系到当代社会新型多元文化与和谐社会的建构,意义重大。     

论儒学对民间神明信仰的影响——以闽台民间神明信仰为例

儒家通过人的神化和神的道德化两个方面的造神运动实现了对民间神格塑造的影响。在鬼神信仰上的宗教伦理理性的价值取向是儒学对民间信仰产生影响的思想渊源,国家机器的神道设教和知识分子推动是这一影响的现实途径。     

民间信仰中的烧头香

抢烧头香是民间特有习俗,一直流传至今。作为一种民间风俗,固有其存在的根基,从中可窥见人们的独特心理和信仰观念。     

越南民间信仰中的福神信仰探究

中越两国文化源远流长,越南文化与中国文化有着一定的相似性。中越两国民间都有福神信仰之说。与中国的福神信仰相比,越南的福神信仰有其独特之处,如形成的路径及种类与中国不同。本文主要论述越南福神的起源、发展及对越南社会和人民的精神信仰所起到的作用。     

太上老君信仰与明清民间宝卷

道教与民间宝卷关系密切。道教的神明信仰、哲学思想、内丹炼养、斋醮仪式都深深渗透到众多宝卷之中,其中道教的内丹术及斋醮仪范对宝卷的影响最大。明清时期,有多种宝卷与太上老君信仰相关联,且流传地域广泛。民间宝卷亦流传太上老君"化身"诸神之说。历史上,道教与闽、赣两省的民间宗教亲密无间,共生共长,诸多道教宫观转化成为民间宗教经堂。     

Mapping Chinese Folk Religion in Mainland China and Taiwan

The revival of folk (popular) religion in China in the last three decades has been noted in many publications and documented in ethnographic studies. However, until now there has been no quantitative study that provides an overall picture of Chinese folk‐religion practices. This article is a first attempt to draw the contours of Chinese folk religion based on three recent surveys conducted in mainland China and Taiwan. Three types of folk religion are conceptualized: communal, sectarian, and individual. Different types of folk religion may have different social functions and divergent trajectories of change in the modernization process. At present, in spite of the dramatic social, political, and cultural changes in modern times, the adherents of folk religion still substantially outnumber the believers of institutional religions in Chinese societies.     

Religion,Health, and the Psychology of Religion: How the Research on Religion and Health Helps Us Understand Religion

An increasing replication of studies find a correlation between religious belief and practice and mental and physical health and longevity. This paper discusses some of the implications of this research for the ways in which religion might understood psychologically. Most interpretations of this data focus on the presence of one or more mediating variables. This paper argues that the presence of these mediating factors helps us understand more precisely some of the ways in which religion actually does impact on human life and in what the psychological uniqueness of religion actually consists.     

朴素物理观和朴素心理观--进化心理学视角

人类在进化过程中解决生存与繁衍问题需要适应物理环境和社会环境。进化心理学认为人类适应物理环境与社会环境的心理机制分别称为朴素物理观和朴素心理观。文章首先阐述了朴素物理观和朴素心理观的有关内容,并指出两性差异的一个重要方面在于移情和系统化的不同组合,同时对其进化意义做了分析。     

Psychology of Religion: What One Needs to Know

This essay is an introduction to systematic nonsectarian psychology of religion—its nature and scope, and its history. Among major issues, the study of motivation for being religious and stages of religious development are discussed, as well as counseling and psychotherapy. I summarize current trends.     

Science and Religion: Some Demarcation Criteria

Discussions on the congruence, compatibility, and contradictions between science and religion have been going on since the rise of modern science. In our own times, there are many efforts to build bridges of harmony between the two. Most of these are anchored to particular religious traditions or denominations and also (often) to specific disciplines, notably cosmology, physics, and biology. Though these discussions serve commendable purposes for members of specific faiths and/or disciplines, they are also, for precisely this reason, of restricted appeal. There are not too many discussions of the topic that consider science and religion from a global perspective. It will therefore be useful to define science and religion in terms of their unique characteristics, draw the line of demarcation between them, and show where they overlap. This is what this paper attempts to do.     

Theory as a Tool in the Social Scientific Study of Religion and Martin Riesebrodt's The Promise of Salvation

No single paradigm or debate currently orients the social scientific study of religion. Because of this, those engaged in the multidisciplinary study of religion find that a public conversation is often difficult. In this article and the Forum it introduces, we explore Martin Riesebrodt's recently published book, The Promise of Salvation: A Theory of Religion. Responding to the inadequacies of secularization paradigms, rational choice models, and postmodern criticism, Riesebrodt proposes an approach that ideal‐typically reconstructs the subjective meanings of institutionalized religious practices (liturgies). These subjective meanings center on the prevention and management of crises—social, natural, and bodily—through appeal and access to superhuman powers. This pragmatic emphasis on the superhuman defines religion as a distinct sphere of social action transhistorically and transculturally. Riesebrodt's theory creates new analytical possibilities, especially for understanding the modern resurgence of religion under conditions of secularization.     

宗教与认同:宗教对自我认同发展的作用分析

对自我的研究是宗教心理学研究的重要领域。宗教是青少年自我认同发展的重要源泉。文章对宗教在自我认同发展过程中的作用进行了深入的分析后认为,从宏观角度上看,宗教是青少年认同发展的意识形态基础;宗教为青少年提供社会化的社会环境;宗教还是青少年认同发展的重要精神背景。文章还以仪式和祈祷为例,从微观角度分析了宗教崇拜对青少年认同发展的作用和意义。     

Religion and spirituality in the context of bipolar disorder: a literature review

Religion and spirituality (R/S) may play an important role for individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) by providing a means of coping with, and an explanatory model for, their disorder. We conducted a systematic review of empirical studies that have explored R/S in individuals with BD or samples that explicitly delineate individuals with BD. Only six studies met our inclusion criteria. Findings from these studies suggest that R/S strategies may be important for some people in the management of BD. Religion and spirituality thus become relevant concerns for a therapeutic regime that seeks to develop wellness within a bio-psycho-social model. However, the limited body of research and methodological shortcomings of existing research make it difficult to draw relevant conclusions about how this might be accomplished. The authors propose a need for longitudinal, prospective, mixed methods research in order to inform evidence-based practice.     

Gifts of Money and Gifts of Time: Folk Religion and Civic Involvement in a Chinese Society

Drawing on representative survey data collected in Taiwan, this study examines the effects on volunteering of Chinese folk religion. We find (1) practicing ancestor worship lowers people’s likelihood of donating to secular groups while local deity worshippers are more likely to donate money to religious organizations. (2) Sectarian group membership can significantly promote members’ odds of volunteering in religious groups. (3) Individual folk religion is positively associated with the odds of religious giving and volunteering. (4) Individual folk religion adherents mainly donate to Buddhism, Taoism, and Folk Religion, but on an occasional basis.