中国青少年心理健康素质·归因风格的研究

应用《青少年心理健康素质调查表·归因风格分量表》对全国23个省市地区的44063名青少年进行了调查,对不同年级阶段青少年归因风格的发展特点进行了分析。结果发现：（1）青少年归因风格的发展存在明显的阶段性,随着年级的升高,其内在归因倾向逐渐减弱;（2）在不同年级阶段,青少年归因风格不同维度的发展方向具有一致性。     

中国青少年心理健康素质·认知风格的研究

应用《青少年心理健康素质调查表·认知风格分量表》对全国23个不同省市地区的44063名青少年进行了调查,对不同年级阶段青少年认知风格的发展特点进行了分析。结果发现：（1）我国青少年认知风格的发展是常态的;（2）我国青少年认知风格的发展具有比较明显的阶段性,随着年级的升高其得分出现了“高—低—高”的变化趋势。     

陕西地区初中生心理健康素质特点调查

对陕西地区1299名城乡初中生进行分层整体取样调查,结果表明：（1）初中生心理健康素质在人际素质、动力系统、自我和归因风格方面城乡差异显著;（2）在适应、人际素质、动力系统、自我和归因风格方面初二得分高于初一和初三,年级差异显著;（3）在动力系统和归因风格方面女生得分显著高于男生,男生认知风格得分显著高于女生。     

辽宁省大学生心理健康素质调查研究

通过对辽宁省不同层次的大学982名大一与大三年级学生进行分层整体取样调查,结果显示：（1）大学生心理健康素质在适应和应对风格分量表上的得分大三年级高于大一年级,在归因风格分量上的得分大一年级高于大三年级,年级差异显著;（2）在人际素质、个性素质、认知风格分量表上性别差异显著;（3）大学生心理健康素质在适应、人际素质、动力系统、自我和应对风格分量表上均存在显著的专业差异,艺术类、文史类学生得分高于理工类学生。     

中国青少年心理健康素质·应对风格的研究

应用《青少年心理健康素质调查表·应对风格分量表》对全国23个省、市、自治区44063名青少年的应对风格状况进行了调查。结果发现：（1）在应对风格的行为—生理策略、行为—表达策略、认知—表达策略、防御策略和混合策略上,我国青少年的得分从小学五年级逐渐上升至初二年级,之后下降,到高三年级和大学回升。（2）在认知—情境策略和行为—情境策略上表现为从小学五年级到初中阶段逐渐下降,从高三年级后开始回升。     

中国青少年心理健康素质·动力系统研究

选取44063名青少年为调查对象,采用《青少年心理健康素质调查表·动力系统分量表》考察我国青少年动力系统的发展特点。结果表明：（1）从整体上看,我国青少年的动力系统发展状况良好;（2）我国青少年的动力系统年级变化趋势表现出小学五年级得分较高,初一年级略有上升,初二年级有所下降,之后起伏波动,高三年级得分最低,但从高三年级到大学阶段迅速上升,大学阶段得分最高;（3）我国青少年在动力系统各维度上均存在显著年级差异,但在各维度上呈现出不同的年级变化趋势。     

研究生归因风格及其与自尊关系的研究

研究采用多维归因量表(MMCS)和自尊量表(SES)对研究生归因风格及自尊对归因风格的影响进行调查研究,结果显示:总体上,研究生归因风格呈现内控倾向,年级之间差异显著;对于成败,高自尊学生倾向于归因努力、能力等内部因素;自尊对归因风格有较好的预测作用。     

中国青少年心理健康素质·适应状况的研究

应用《青少年心理健康素质调查表·适应分量表》,对全国23个省、市、自治区44063名青少年的适应状况进行了调查。结果发现：（1）青少年的适应状况处于较好的水平。（2）青少年适应及情绪适应、学习适应、人际适应、社会适应和生活适应等各维度得分在小学五年级较高,从初中阶段开始呈下降趋势,高中阶段继续下降,到大学阶段又逐渐回升。生理适应维度得分在小学五年级、初中和高中阶段较高,大学阶段下降至最低。     

通过归因训练改善留守初中生应对方式的干预研究

目的:运用归因训练改善留守初中生的不良应对方式。方法:选用归因风格问卷和青少年应对方式问卷筛选出存在不良应对方式的留守初中生,设计归因训练团体辅导活动进行干预。干预结束后进行后测。结果:留守初中生的归因风格和情绪取向应对方式得分在归因训练前后存在显著差异。结论:归因训练改变了留守初中生的归因风格,减少了留守初中生幼稚的情绪取向的应对方式。归因训练对留守初中生应对方式的改善有一定的效果。     

中国青少年心理健康素质·人际素质的研究

采用《青少年心理健康素质调查表·人际素质分量表》对全国23个省、市、自治区的44063名青少年人际心理健康素质发展状况进行调查。结果表明：（1）我国青少年人际素质处于较好的发展水平;（2）青少年在整体人际素质及人际交往、人际调控、人际知觉等各维度上的年级变化呈现一定差异,整体人际素质与人际交往、人际调控维度得分随年级增长呈现下降趋势,人际知觉维度得分随年级的增长呈逐渐上升趋势。     

The Role of Parental and Adolescent Attributions in Adjustment of Adolescents with Chronic Illness

Previous literature has demonstrated the separate contributions of parental attributions and adolescent attributions to psychosocial adjustment of adolescents with chronic illness. However, it is unknown whether parental attributions affect adolescents' mental health directly or indirectly by influencing the youths' attributional style. This study evaluated the direct and indirect (through adolescent attributions) effects of parental attributions on internalizing and externalizing problems of adolescents with chronic illness. Adolescents (N?=?128; M?=?14.7?years) diagnosed with cystic fibrosis or diabetes and their caregivers completed measures of attributional style and adolescent adjustment. Parents' optimistic attributions were associated with fewer adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems. These effects were partly mediated by adolescent attributions. These results suggest that targeting both adolescent and parent attributions may be important for improving adolescents' adjustment to a chronic illness.     

Developmental Cascade Effects of Maternal Depression on Offspring Substance Use Across Adolescence: Pathway Through Mother–Child Relationship Quality and Peer Deviancy

Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology - There is evidence that maternal depression can disrupt adolescent social development and trigger a risk cascade to adolescent substance use that...     

Hostile attributional biases in severely aggressive adolescents

Adolescent boys (N = 128) from a maximum security prison for juvenile offenders were administered a task to assess hostile attributional biases. As hypothesized, these biases were positively correlated with undersocialized aggressive conduct disorder (as indicated by high scores on standardized scales and by psychiatric diagnoses), with reactive-aggressive behavior, and with the number of interpersonally violent crimes committed. Hostile attributional biases were found not to relate to nonviolent crimes or to socialized aggressive behavior disorder. These findings held even when race and estimates of intelligence and socioeconomic status were controlled. These findings suggest that within a population of juvenile offenders, attributional biases are implicated specifically in interpersonal reactive aggression that involves anger and not in socialized delinquency.     

Coparenting Profiles in the Context of Mexican‐Origin Teen Pregnancy: Links to Mother–Daughter Relationship Quality and Adjustment

The current study explored the multifaceted nature of the mother–adolescent coparental relationship with data from 167 Mexican‐origin adolescent mothers and their own mothers at 10 months post childbirth. Profiles of mother–adolescent coparenting were created with latent profile analysis using adolescents’ reports of three dimensions of coparenting (communication, involvement, and conflict). Four profiles were identified: (a) Harmonious Coparents (equal involvement, high communication, low conflict); (b) Harmonious‐Adolescent Primary (adolescent is more involved than mother, high communication, low conflict); (c) Conflictual Coparents (equal involvement, high communication, high conflict); and (d) Conflictual‐Adolescent Primary (adolescent is more involved than mother, moderate communication, high conflict). Families characterized by high mother–daughter conflict and psychological control prior to childbirth were more likely to belong in the Conflictual Coparents profile. In addition, adolescents’ and mothers’ depressive symptoms and parenting efficacy after childbirth were linked to profile membership, such that the Harmonious‐Adolescent Primary profile reported the most positive adjustment patterns, whereas profiles with high coparental conflict (i.e., Conflictual Coparenting and Conflictual‐Adolescent Primary profiles) showed the least positive adjustment patterns. Discussion considers the applied implications of identifying precursors to healthy and problematic mother–daughter coparenting for families of adolescent mothers in the early years of parenting.     

Adolescent stress: Evaluation of the factor structure of the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (ASQ‐N)

Moksnes, U. K., Byrne, D. G., Mazanov, J. & Espnes, G. A. (2010). Adolescent stress: Evaluation of the factor structure of the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (ASQ‐N). Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 51, 203–209. The present study reports an evaluation of the factor structure of the Norwegian version of the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (ASQ‐N) among 723 students. Principal components analysis (PCA) revealed nine internally consistent dimensions of adolescent stress. Scales constructed from this PCA correlated positively with measures of depression and anxiety and negatively with self‐esteem. Girls reported higher stress levels than boys in seven of the nine scales and age was also positively correlated with the scale scores of adolescent stress. The results revealed that the instrument has potential for measuring adolescent stress. The stability of the ASQ‐N needs to be tested repeatedly, across cohorts and over time, to establish the adequacy for use in Norwegian adolescent studies.     

中国青少年心理健康素质·人际素质的研究

采用《青少年心理健康素质调查表·人际素质分量表》对全国23个省、市、自治区的44063名青少年人际心理健康素质发展状况进行调查。结果表明：（1）我国青少年人际素质处于较好的发展水平;（2）青少年在整体人际素质及人际交往、人际调控、人际知觉等各维度上的年级变化呈现一定差异,整体人际素质与人际交往、人际调控维度得分随年级增长呈现下降趋势,人际知觉维度得分随年级的增长呈逐渐上升趋势。     

Psychological, cognitive, and interpersonal correlates of attributional change in adolescents

Examined the role of attributional style in adolescent's psychological functioning. Specifically, we examined the cross-sectional correlates of attributional style, as well as the correlates of changes in attributional style over time. A sample of 841 adolescents with either maladaptive or adaptive attributional styles completed a battery of self-report measures at 2 points in time, 1 year apart. Measures assessed depressive symptoms and suicidality, cognitive functioning (self-esteem, pessimism, coping skills), and interpersonal functioning (social competence, conflict with parents, social support from family and friends). Results indicated that attributional style is associated with multiple depression-related variables. In addition, youth experienced significant changes in their attributional styles over time (from adaptive to maladaptive and vice versa). Finally, changes in attributional style were associated with changes in psychological symptoms and other psychosocial variables. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for the prevention and treatment of adolescent depression.     

父母监控与青少年的问题行为

从北京市两所普通中学选取了1090名中学生为被试,采用问卷调查的方式,要求他们分别报告父亲和母亲的主、客观监控水平和监控手段,以及自己的问题行为,以探讨父母监控与青少年问题行为之间的关系。结果表明:(1)客观监控水平越高,青少年的问题行为越少;而主观监控水平的作用却与此相反;(2)父母客观监控水平高而主观监控水平低的青少年表现的问题行为最少;(3)沟通和控制可以起到积极的监控作用,而搜寻的作用相对较弱,并且父亲使用搜寻手段还会增加青少年的违法行为;母亲搜寻手段的使用也只是对男生有一定的影响。     

Cognitive development in children of adolescent mothers: The impact of socioeconomic risk and maternal sensitivity

BackgroundAdolescent motherhood is accompanied by a constellation of risk factors that translate into developmental risk for the off-spring. Socioeconomic risk that is associated with adolescent motherhood as well as maternal interactive behaviors may contribute to the impact of adolescent motherhood on children’s developmental outcome.ObjectiveTherefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate differences in children’s cognitive development between children of adolescent and adult mothers in their first two years of life and to examine whether socioeconomic risk (e.g. such as educational and financial problems) and/or maternal sensitivity mediate developmental differences between children of adolescent and adult mothers.MethodsAdolescent mothers (<21 years; N = 64) and adult mothers (>25 years; N = 34) and their infants were included in the current study. Child cognitive development and maternal sensitivity were assessed at three different time points (T1: mean child age 5.26 months; T2: mean child age 14.69 months; T3: mean child age 21.16 months).ResultsChildren of adult mothers showed better cognitive performance at T3 compared to children of adolescent mothers but not at T1 and T2. A multiple mediation model including socioeconomic risk and maternal sensitivity as serial mediators demonstrated that the effect of adolescent motherhood on cognitive development was mediated in a causal effect chain with socioeconomic risk negatively affecting maternal sensitivity and maternal sensitivity affecting children’s cognitive development.DiscussionThe present findings demonstrate that maternal interactive behaviors are not only a simple predictor of cognitive development but may also act as a mediator of the association between more distal variables such as socioeconomic risk and cognitive development in adolescent mothers. This supports the need to promote prevention and intervention programs for adolescent mothers during the early postpartum period to reduce socioeconomic problems and enhance maternal interactive behaviors.