共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Emanuel EJ 《Kennedy Institute of Ethics journal》1998,8(4):455-466
The establishment of the Department of Clinical Bioethics at the Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has coincided with a burgeoning of interest and activity related to bioethical issues at NIH. The department has precipitated a reexamination and revitalization of existing bioethics activities in the Clinical Center and has launched new programs especially in the areas of education and research. In addition, the department contributes to the work of others throughout NIH who address bioethical issues. 相似文献
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Although analogical reasoning has long been a popular method of reasoning in bioethics, current literature does not sufficiently
grasp its variety. We assert that the main shortcoming is the fact that an analogy’s value is often judged on the extent of
similarity between the source situation and the target situation, while in (bio)ethics, analogies are often used because of certain dissimilarities rather than in spite of them. We make a clear distinction between dissimilarities that aim to reinforce a similar approach in the source situation
and the target situation and dissimilarities that aim to undermine or denounce a similar approach. The former kind of dissimilarity
offers the analogy more normative force than if there were no dissimilarities present; this is often overlooked by authors
who regard all relevant dissimilarities as detrimental to the analogy’s strength. Another observation is that an evaluation
of the normative force of an analogy cannot be made independently of moral principles or theories. Without these, one cannot
select which elements in an analogy are morally relevant nor determine how they should be interpreted. 相似文献
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Gorovitz S 《Ethics》1986,96(2):356-374
Various criticisms of bioethics are reported and evaluated in an effort to determine what it is reasonable to expect of this rapidly developing field and what should be its future directions. Specific charges by Renée Fox, Judith Swazey, and William Bennett are explored. Fox and Swazey contend that bioethics champions individualism and pays little attention to social relationships, that bioethicists distance themselves from the human settings where ethical issues are experienced, and that bioethics pretends to a false validity. Bennett indicts bioethics on the grounds that it promotes ethical relativism and moral indifference. Gorovitz argues the case against these contentions but urges ethicists systematically to assess their critics' statements. 相似文献
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Orr RD 《Christian scholar's review》1994,23(3):253-258
Agreeing in large part with Cameron, Robert D. Orr nonetheless raises some questions. He points out the theological origins of bioethics in the 1960s, while admitting that the field has since become secularized. Autonomy's challenge to Hippocratic paternalism has brought real benefits but also abuses. Bioethics addresses more than procedural matters; it deals in issues of real substance. 相似文献
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Robert JS 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2007,7(4):80-2; discussion W7-9