Guidance and Guidance Systems in Secondary Schools: The Teacher's Views

The reorientation of school guidance to involve teachers in career guidance was the premise for this study. The objectives were to assess the attitudes of secondary vocational teachers toward the importance and adequacy of school guidance systems. Some 248 teachers were sent an instrument listing 19 guidance activities. Two scales of five options were used for importance and adequacy. A 75% response rate was achieved. Overall, the teachers believe that career guidance is an important function; however, they have an unfavorable disposition toward the adequacy of school guidance systems in providing students with career guidance.     

A routine perspective on implementing reflective career conversations in education

ABSTRACT

Reflective career conversations are a necessary instrument in the career guidance of students in vocational education. These conversations help students to learn from their (work) experiences and gain a better understanding of their motives on the labour market. Research shows that in a society in which change seems to become the only constant factor, knowing one’s own motives in work is important. However, the introduction and implementation of reflective career conversations in Dutch vocational education is problematic. In this article, we introduce the concept of ‘routines’ to better understand the nature of these problems. The concept ‘routine’ allows us to understand in much more detail what is required to induce the necessary behavioural changes that are required from teachers, students and management. Recognition of the complexity of this process and the willingness to invest are necessary prerequisites to prevent reflective career conversations from becoming the next ‘trick’ or ‘trendy innovation’.     

Vocational Guidance for Trainee Teachers?: Some Caribbean Evidence

Guidance in further and higher education is comparatively neglected in many countries. This is particularly true of vocational guidance for trainee teachers. It is suggested that one can no longer assume that such trainees are already committed to a career in teaching. Evidence is offered from Jamaica and Antigua to show that about half the trainee teachers in those territories neither wanted nor look forward to a career in teaching. It is argued that their occupational preferences indicate a need for vocational guidance even as they are being trained for teaching. Finally, it is suggested that this policy is not as paradoxical as it may sound.     

Young people's perceptions of their vocational guidance needs: I. Priorities and pre-occupations

In spring 1981, 1,712 pupils in the third, fourth and fifth years of secondary education at 20 comprehensive schools in England completed a questionnaire about the priorities they gave to different aspects of vocational choice and preparation. Fifth-year pupils were followed up one year later, and perceived needs again recorded. Consistency between year-groups, and between fifth-year and follow-up, was high, suggesting that the perceived needs of even the third-year group were based on a realistic appraisal of the tasks they faced in entering employment. Systematic differences in ranked priority were found, however, with those who had left school giving much greater priority to work experience and less to discussions with family and teachers than those still at school. All ages reported considerable anxiety about finding work, with levels of rated anxiety on the other items being greatest amongst the third-year pupils.     

全纳教育教师职业使命感对工作幸福感的影响：自我效能感的中介效应

为探讨全纳教育教师职业使命感对工作幸福感的影响机制,采用整群抽样方法选取京津冀地区的全纳教育教师共378名为被试,使用职业使命感量表、自我效能感量表和工作幸福感量表进行问卷调查。研究发现：（1）职业使命感、自我效能感和工作幸福感之间均呈显著正相关;（2）职业使命感对工作幸福感有显著的正向影响;（3）全纳教育教师的自我效能感在职业使命感对工作幸福感的影响中起部分中介作用。研究表明,积极塑造全纳教育教师的职业使命感,提升自我效能感,可以有效提升全纳教育教师的工作幸福体验。     

Career adaptability development in adolescence: Multiple predictors and effect on sense of power and life satisfaction

This longitudinal panel study investigated predictors of career adaptability development and its effect on development of sense of power and experience of life satisfaction among 330 Swiss eighth graders. A multivariate measure of career adaptability consisting of career choice readiness, planning, exploration, and confidence was applied. Based on Motivational Systems Theory four groups of predictors were assessed: positive emotional disposition, goal decidedness, capability beliefs and social context beliefs. Influence of gender, age, immigration background, parental educational level, and college-bound or vocational education plans were also assessed. Perceived social support and positive emotional disposition, non-immigration background, and continuing to vocational education were single significant predictors of more career adaptability development over the school year. Supporting the connection of career adaptability and positive youth development, increase in career adaptability over time predicted increase in sense of power and experience of life satisfaction.     

The RIASEC profile of foreign language teachers

Vocational choice appears to crystallize during adolescence and one’s career aspirations begin to take shape later. Over 40 years ago Holland studied incoming freshman to match vocational aspirations to vocational preference profiles. Individuals seeking to become foreign language teachers were assigned a Social, Artistic, Enterprising vocational code. However, longitudinal studies were not conducted to verify if these people ever entered the teaching profession. The present study sought to determine a Holland code for inservice foreign language educators. Data analysis confirms a stable Holland profile and his earlier findings as well as highlighting interesting differences among world language educators. This study holds implications for school counselors and recruiters of prospective language teachers during a time of critical shortage.     

The School Change Feedback Process: Creating a New Role for Counselors in Education Reform

The authors present the results of a multiyear collaborative research project that involved a counselor educator, graduate‐level school counseling students, and school personnel in defining a new role for counselors in education reform. This collaborative effort was based on an innovative conceptual framework that informs school counselors about specific schooling processes that can either enhance or hinder student academic, personal/social, and career development.     

公费教育政策满意度对师范生教师职业认同的影响—社会认知因素的影响

采用问卷法,以839名公费师范生为研究对象,探究公费师范生政策满意度对师范生教师职业认同的影响,考察公费教育政策满意度、职业决策自我效能感、职业结果预期以及教师职业认同的关系。结果发现：（1）公费教育政策满意度显著正向预测教师职业认同;（2）职业决策自我效能感和职业结果预期在政策满意度和教师职业认同的关系中起中介作用,完全中介支持性政策满意度与教师职业认同的关系,部分中介限制性政策满意度与教师职业认同的关系。本研究通过社会认知职业理论解释了公费教育政策满意度与教师职业认同的关系路径,为提升公费师范生的教师职业认同提供了参考和借鉴。     

中小学教师职业人格与主观幸福感的关系:工作投入的中介作用

采用问卷调查法,以692名中小学教师作为被试,探讨教师职业人格和主观幸福感的关系及其机制。结果发现：（1）专家型教师在职业人格得分上显著高于新手、熟手型教师,体现出与教师职业更匹配、更具适应性的人格特点;（2）职业人格与主观幸福感正相关显著,职业人格可通过影响工作投入程度进而影响主观幸福感,工作投入在二者之间起部分中介作用;（3）新手、熟手和专家型教师职业人格影响主观幸福感的作用机制存在差异：新手职业人格直接影响主观幸福感,熟手大部分通过工作投入影响主观幸福感,而专家完全通过工作投入影响主观幸福感。研究表明,教师职业人格可通过提高工作投入程度,进而提升其主观幸福感。     

Teachers Who Create,Artists Who Teach

Art education students who become art teachers are, for the most part, educated first as artists and second as art educators. Given this dual education, there is some evidence to suggest that they may experience contradictions in their career development that seriously impact the construction of their professional role and identity as artists and art teachers. This case study, based on in‐depth interviews, reveals the ways in which a select group of art education students and K‐12 public school art teachers make meaning of their professional aspirations and career identity. This paper focuses on the part of the study that examines to what extent art teachers believe that they must engage in creative production in order to teach others to do so.     

Vocational Exploration of Future College Teachers

Ninety-four students, in their first year of graduate study, all committed to college teaching as a career, were subjects of this study which investigated vocational exploration as part of the vocational choice process. Findings included (a) a great deal of exploratory activity related to the eventual vocational decision, with subjects reporting that, for the most part, this activity influenced them in their decision; (b) the decision to become college teachers was made rather early: 15 percent had decided to become college teachers in high school, while 44 percent had decided to become college teachers by the beginning of their junior year in college. By the beginning of the senior year, 91 percent had made their choice.     

Call for redirection: A vocational educator views school psychological services

This article was written in an effort to stimulate greater interest and active involvement in vocational and career education on the part of school psychological services. Several functions for the school psychologist were proposed, including assistance in the selection of students for vocational programs designed for the handicapped and disadvantaged, teacher consultation, and consultation in the development of career education programs.     

Les compétences des enseignants du technique au lycée professionnel

Vocational school teachers face a problem of acceptance. On arrival in a school, they find themselves put under pressure by families, students, the educational establishment and businesses. This paper deals with the gaps and ambiguities that exist between the educational, vocational and professional areas of teaching. In particular, it shows how, during training, teachers refer to their professional experience in order to connect the two areas, and to centre their activities on student training. The gap between professional experience and the pedagogic framework acts as a motor for training and can be seen as an attempt to gain acceptance. It brings into question the views of training and vocationnal psychologist counsellors (COP) in an analysis of vocational counselling related to whether students complete their diploma course or drop out of school.     

Creating Visionary and Enhanced Theological Institutions

Abstract. Theological school faculty at mid‐career often discover a bifurcated work environment in the theological institutions they serve. Scholarly and pedagogical passions can be set in tension with academic administrative responsibilities – each vying for the lion's share of time. In this essay the author plunges into murky vocational waters to explore possible contributing factors for the bifurcated existence mid‐career faculty experience. The essay suggests creative steps toward new visionary paradigms to aid theological institutions in adopting and modeling visionary theological education. This transformative model would strive to enhance community life, nurture leadership, foster intellectual formation, cope with institutional strife, and constructively shape an institution's future.     

Towards a strong career learning environment: results from a Dutch longitudinal study

ABSTRACT

To prepare students for the flexible labour market of nowadays, schools are increasingly acknowledging their responsibility to guide students in their career development. The project ‘Career Orientation and Guidance in Secondary Vocational Education’ was developed to encourage Dutch schools to initiate and/or continue the creation of a strong career learning environment for their students. Central in this learning environment is a dialogue with the students, where meaning is attached to concrete experiences with work. This longitudinal study is designed to gain theoretical and practical insight into the influence of the project. Results show that, although the school’s vision on career orientation and guidance is clear to the teachers, it is not supported by all of them. It appears that the renewed vision is imposed on the teachers, and this absence of a shared and widely supported vision appears to withhold the teachers and the project managers to engage in collective action.     

Development and validation of a vocational interests questionnaire revised: the CIP 4

The "Cuestionario de Intereses Profesionales (CIP, Vocational Interests Questionnaire)" was developed by Fogliatto et al in three different versions: a paper and pencil-based one, a computer-based one, and a revised form. The instrument was originally created for the assessment of vocational interests of adolescents assisting the last years of the secondary school in Argentina. The aim of the present study was to adapt the inventory for the adolescents coursing the initial period of the secondary school. Psychometric studies analyzing the factorial structure of the instrument and internal consistence of their scales were accomplished. Additionally, evidences of criterion validity concerning to a specialized field of the secondary school and career choice intentions were analyzed. Results bring initial validity evidence of this new version of the CIP, which its main utility is career counseling applied to late-adolescence. Further studies are required in order to validate this instrument for being utilized in counseling of adolescent facing decisions related to specialty choice of the secondary school.     

Changing career and changing identity: how do teacher career changers exercise agency in identity construction?

The quest to understand what it means to ‘become’ a teacher and the conditions in which such aspirations can be translated into lived experience, continues to exercise teacher educators and researchers alike. Whilst the literature points towards the importance of developing teacher identity, little attention has been given to understanding the transitional processes of individuals coming into teaching at a later point in their working lives. The research reported here was part of a wider project investigating the experiences of early career science teachers. In this study we follow one mature, highly qualified science graduate as she moved through initial teacher education and beyond into her first teaching post. Drawing on theories of identity and self-verification, the analysis reveals how disparity between strongly-held archetypal teacher images and socially constructed teacher identity played out and led this teacher to step away from her new career. Fostering a strong sense of self-efficacy is suggested as critical in supporting mid-career changers in making durable adjustments to new working roles and contexts of teaching.     

A Study of the Perceptions and Worldviews of Mature Age Pre-Service Teachers Aged Between 31 and 53

This study presents the perceptions and worldviews of 17 mature age second-career pre-service teachers in career transition. The aim was to explore the experience of becoming a primary school teacher after a first career. The second-career pre-service teachers were enrolled on a full-time basis at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (OISE/UT). The primary data were collected from 17 separate interviews of approximately 1 h; over two separate calendar years, which totalled a five-month interviewing period. The interviewees volunteered to be part of the study and were aged between 31 and 53 and enrolled in two high academic entry-level accelerated programmes for graduates. The interviewees had previous undergraduate degrees and numerous years?? experience working in a variety of other careers. The overall findings are that individuals who have been involved in well-established careers, present distinct perceptions of teaching, that are not only separate from traditional younger pre-service teachers, but remain as significant factors throughout their teaching programmes. It is argued that perceptions could in turn shape their pedagogy in ways that are either profitable or problematic to primary teaching.     

Career goal-related social ties during two educational transitions: Antecedents and consequences

This study examined adolescents’ career goal-related social ties during the transition from compulsory to post-compulsory education and during transition from post-compulsory education to working-life or further studies. A total of 687 Finnish adolescents aged 15–16 were surveyed of whom 654 also participated at the second measurement point one year later, and 497 three years later. Differences in career goal-related social ties were found according to gender, GPA, family structure, and SES. Moreover, social ties were associated with educational track after compulsory school above and beyond SES, GPA, and family structure. Adolescents who named a teacher or a romantic partner were more likely to enter vocational track, while adolescents who named their father were more likely to enter academic track.