La méta-analyse en psychologie sociale : principe,méthode et illustration

For several decades, the meta-analysis technique emerges as the most employed method to synthesize a whole of research relating to the same topic, the same process… While synthesizing, statistically, the studies, meta-analysis makes possible to measure the effect-size of a phenomenon and to see which factors influence this phenomenon. This method, well-developed in the Anglo-Saxons' reviews, is little known in France in particular by social psychologists. The following paper presents the basis of the meta-analysis technique, its advantages and the way to use this method if statistical data are presented in frequencies form (a second paper with continuous data and correlation measurements will be submitted later). A case-study presenting the meta-analysis interest is proposed with the help of real data resulting from the comparative study of two well-known psychosocial processes.     

L’évaluation thérapeutique et collaborative : preuves empiriques

This paper covers the empirical research that addressed utility and effectiveness of therapeutic assessment or of its components (i.e., providing individualize feedback to clients). Studies vary in terms of methods and problems addressed but provide the consistent picture of therapeutic assessment as a brief approach which increases process variables related to subsequent treatment and has direct effects of symptoms reduction for a variety of psychological problems. Future directions of studies in this are finally provided.     

Quelle place pour les médiations thérapeutiques dans la « psychothérapie par l'institution » ?

Therapeutic mediations are an essential part of the communautary treatment offered by our Clinic (Clinique Dupre de Sceaux). They contribute to the adaptation of our therapeutic program to the psychopathological characteristics of our adolescents and young adults patients. We see this therapeutic mediations as a tool to allow a bounding between the treating team and patients whose central psychopathological feature is the fear of bounding and relationship with significative others seen as potential threat of dependency and/or seduction. Through therapeutic mediations, the treating staff is able to deal with repetitive symptomatic situations, using the empathic capacity of each member of the team included in the “psychic enlarged space” of the patient. Therapeutic mediations are the contributing to regulate the bounding process in this type of patient. Through a clinical presentation this paper will present the use of therapeutic mediations in our Clinic. We will then discuss more widely the concept of “psychotherapy through the institution” we use in this type of therapeutic setting.     

La boulimie à l'épreuve du Rorschach : étude des représentations de soi et d'objet dans une analyse multivariée

The aim of this study was to examine self and objet representation disorders defined by bulimic women. 113 bulimics and 115 non-bulimics, aged 18 to 58, both outpatient women, where assessed by the Rorschach test according to the french method. 14 topics were selected from ther international psychopathological literature then translated into 14 Rorschach indices from the analysis of each protocol. Ten of the fourteen selected indices distinguish the two groups in a significant way. A multivariate analysis (AFCM) reveals in the bulimic group five dimensions corresponding to 63% of the inertia. If the first dimension appears to be related to general psychopathology, the four others are more specific to bulimic representation disorders.     

Favoriser les compétences sociales à l'école : un exemple de recherche–action en zone d'éducation prioritaire

Teachers are concerned with young children who present aggressive and disruptive behaviour at school. The teachers' requests concern the promotion of tools useful in the day by day management of these children's' behavioural problems. A behavioral program has been developed over three years with teachers, school psychologists, psychology students, psychiatrists and assistant professor in psychology. The interventions implemented in the classrooms are based on learning theory and proactive classroom management. The stages of the interventions, the philosophy of the project and three examples are presented. The results are discussed: it seems essential to promote the development of programs that seek to link institutions.     

Les serious games dans le monde de l’insertion : étude comparative entre méthode classique et méthode ludo-éducative

This article focuses on a comparative study between conventional methods and serious games, and their impact on learning and motivation. Two hundred and fifty-one jobseekers including 130 enjoying an edutainment and 121 enjoying a conventional counseling, participated in the study. In addition, we conducted 157 interviews with counselors of professional insertion that accompanied these jobseekers. Our results show a significant difference between serious games and conventional method. Indeed, serious games enable better learning and a stronger motivation than conventional methods and positive impact on jobseekers's professional insertion.     

La cross-évaluation : une approche d’évaluation et de développement des processus de travail inter-équipes

Organizational agility has become an increasing focus for companies and has led to the emergence of new developmental methods. This article presents the cross-evaluation as an approach to evaluating and developing inter-team interface efficacity. Though 360 degrees feedback collective processes are being evaluated, and during reflexive workshops they decide what improvements to make in their team functioning. Based on a literature review and more specifically on the theories of social identity and groupthink this article describes the scientific bases of the cross-evaluation method and the biases that can be involved and how to reduce them. It suggests new avenues of research and practical suggestions for practitioners about an inter-team development method.     

Le vaccin,un médicament devenu l’arme absolue promise contre la COVID-19 : une réglementation adaptée ?

As the first vaccines against COVID-19 arrive on the market, the question of the safety of these products arises in the public debate. The major concern is about the possible occurrence of adverse effects, particularly in the context of the use of novel pharmaceutical technologies such as mRNA. It is important to remind both patients and professionals that a vaccine is not only a medicinal product in its own right, but also a special medicinal product: biological and immunological. As a result, its supervision is draconian, and despite the urgency, no requirements have been lowered. The speed of marketing is the result both of adapted clinical trials and optimized evaluation procedures.     

Comme réponse à la précarité du lien mère–bébé, les « Petits Pas » : un réseau en périnatalité…

The “Baby Steps” network includes a multi-disciplinary team and aims to accompany parents-to-be and young parents as they meet their newborns. The exchange and development relationships that professionals develop among themselves help to support the notion of parenthood and circumscribe any potential risk. The professionals in the network hail from a variety of backgrounds but they are all involved in perinatal care and by grouping their skills can adapt and optimise the assistance and care they offer to parents. The “Parent Island” reception area and the mother-baby therapy group with a separate father oriented structure are the truly original aspects of the network. Prevention is vital, as is providing therapeutic care for disturbances related to early parent-child relationships. With a strong “group psychology focus” the network creates a sufficiently solid structure to receive any unconscious negative projections from momentarily or deeply distressed parents.     

Les directives anticipées et la personne de confiance en gériatrie : de l'émergence de mouvements défensifs à une possibilité d'élaboration psychique sur le vieillissement et la mort proche pour le sujet âgé et sa famille

The object of this study is to identify old people's resistances and their family's, concerning advance directives and the personhood's nomination. Semi-structured interviews were realized by 20 hospital patients and 14 persons living in an old people's home. Families named as “personhood” by their parents were also interviewed. Writing advances directives spark off anguish and defence mechanisms among the elderly people and their families, curbing the law's application. But these protocols seem to be used as a tool of the trade by the psychologist in geriatrics. It allows indeed old people to enter in an grieving process and to prepare themselves for the end-of-life.     

L’évaluation structurée du risque de récidive des personnes placées sous main de justice : méthodes et enjeux

Although the prevention of recidivism in France is currently undergoing numerous transformations, the evaluation of the risk of recidivism of individuals under the justice system is a major issue. The absence of structure and standardization in current evaluation procedures raises doubts regarding their validity and underlines the necessity to determine evaluation methods that are clinically and scientifically validated. The professionals and their administration would benefit largely from a range of strategies that would aid in executing the most just, transparent and coherent evaluation possible. This article will trace the evolution of the evaluation of the risk of recidivism, the principal strategies and methods, the most common risk factor families used, as well as illustrations of two typical strategies of evolution of the risk of recidivism; integrated evaluation with the LS/CMI and evaluation based on structured professional judgment guided by the HCR-20.     

La méthode d’intervention en psychodynamique du travail face au « tournant gestionnaire » : l’exemple d’une intervention dans une unité mixte de recherche

This text aims to show the continuing interest in using the “canonical” method of investigation in work psychodynamics in the context of what is commonly called the managerial turning point. In order to demonstrate this methodology, the authors will rely on a survey conducted in a U.M.R of science called “hard science” following a recommendation of the Agency for evaluation of research and higher education. We will raise the impact of this intervention, allowing participants to think about their work relationship and the necessary modalities in order to do it continuously well, within the managerial logic context.     

L’évaluation du risque de récidive et l’intervention basée sur les données probantes : les conditions nécessaires à l’implantation de méthodes structurées d’évaluation et d’intervention efficaces

The results of different studies on the best practices of the prevention of recidivism are clear: it is possible to reduce the risk of recidivism of offenders through efficient intervention. Structured risk assessment combined with practices based on risk, need and responsivity principals may reduce the risk of recidivism by up to 30%. These programs, developed primarily in Canada, require adaptations to better suit a French context. The present article proposes to revise the main stages essential to the introduction of a new evaluation and intervention strategy based on evidence, namely, the exploration, the preparation of the establishment, the creation and implementation themselves, the sustainability approach and the introduction of evaluative research studies. The advantages of considering such an implementation strategy are discussed.     

La responsabilité médicale des accidents de la circoncision en Tunisie : à propos de trois affaires judiciaires

Circumcision is the most frequently performed surgical procedure worldwide, mainly as part of religious rituals. It may lead to serious complications. Although there is no specific law relative to circumcision accidents in Tunisia, the occurrence of complications of this act is likely to engage the penal, civil and disciplinary liability of the doctor. Prevention involves respecting the principles of the Medical Deontology Code, raising awareness about the need to practice circumcision in a medical environment and the promulgation of specific legislation regulating this act. The new Tunisian law on medical liability seems to offer a solution to solve the legal complaints concerning circumcision accidents by providing more opportunities for amicable settlement and at the same time guaranteeing adequate and rapid compensation of the prejudice. In this article, we discuss the medical liability of circumcision accidents through three medicolegal cases carried out at the Department of Legal Medicine of Ibn El Jazzar University Hospital, Kairouan, Tunisia.     

Rôle de l’émotion dans l’acceptabilité d’un produit : évaluation des composantes cognitive,motivationnelle et subjective

To anticipate a product commercial success, companies aim to ensure that product's characteristics are involving users and triggering a positive first user experience as well as all along product's life span. Among these characteristics, triggering users’ emotions is particularly relevant. This article aims to present the different approaches integrating the emotion generated by products. In order to illustrate the emotional potential of certain products a selection of 14 photographs of products was evaluated by 87 participants. Results reveal a significant correlation between cognitive, motivational and subjective components of emotions. A reflexion about the integration of cognitive appraisal assessment and motivational action readiness evaluation into a wilder emotional model is provided. Thus, emotions triggered by a product appear to be a stake for designers and an important variable to introduce in acceptability or user experience models.