共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
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以往的研究者主要采用单词系列呈现的实验范式对词、句子和篇章等材料进行阅读脑成像研究。针对近年来使用自然阅读范式的功能磁共振(fMRI)研究进行分析,建议在该范式下使用脑-眼动同步记录的方式,并介绍了基于注视编码的fMRI数据分析原理。新的范式和技术提高了fMRI研究的生态效度,有利于对阅读中眼动加工的脑机制进行探索,是相关研究的新趋势。未来需要在自然阅读fMRI实验中结合实验设计及其他技术以克服时间分辨率低的问题,同时要注意探讨阅读和眼动脑区的关系。 相似文献
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快速启动范式(Sereno & Rayner, 1992)是一种基于呈现随眼动变化技术而设计的眼动范式,主要用于研究中央凹视野内字词识别的瞬时启动,通过精确控制启动条件和启动时窗,以考察词汇通达过程中词汇水平(如,词频、词长等)、亚词汇水平(如,语音、语义、字形等)信息的加工时序。本文从基本原理、设计基础、应用领域、注意事项等方面对快速启动范式进行了较为深入的解读和介绍,并结合已有的研究成果,指出了该范式在汉语阅读中的应用价值。 相似文献
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眼动返回抑制是指眼睛返回至先前注视过的位置(客体)时眼跳潜伏期长、可能性低的一种抑制现象。近年来, 研究者对真实场景搜索中的眼动返回抑制进行了深入的研究。本文介绍了相关研究的经典实验范式、主要发现及其理论解释, 探讨了眼动返回抑制的容量、眼动返回抑制是否具有任务特异性、场景搜索中是否存在眼动返回促进以及眼动返回抑制的神经基础等问题, 并指出未来该领域研究的方向和途径。 相似文献
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眼动技术在英文阅读研究中被广泛的应用,可以探测阅读活动中的即时加工过程。在中文阅读研究中,眼动技术的应用还刚刚起步。文章讨论了眼动技术在阅读研究中的一些基本问题,如眼脑距离问题、知觉广度问题、阅读研究中眼动分析指标的选择问题等,希望能对没有进行过眼动基础问题研究的中文阅读研究有一定启发。 相似文献
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眼动技术在阅读研究中的应用 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
眼动技术在英阅读研究中被广泛的应用,可以探测阅读活动中的即时加工过程。在中阅读研究中,眼动技术的应用还刚刚起步。章讨论了眼动技术在阅读研究中的一些基本问题,如眼脑距离问题、知觉广度问题、阅读研究中眼动分析指标的选择问题等,希望能对没有进行过眼动基础问题研究的中阅读研究有一定启发。 相似文献
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《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2013,66(8):1457-1506
Eye movements are now widely used to investigate cognitive processes during reading, scene perception, and visual search. In this article, research on the following topics is reviewed with respect to reading: (a) the perceptual span (or span of effective vision), (b) preview benefit, (c) eye movement control, and (d) models of eye movements. Related issues with respect to eye movements during scene perception and visual search are also reviewed. It is argued that research on eye movements during reading has been somewhat advanced over research on eye movements in scene perception and visual search and that some of the paradigms developed to study reading should be more widely adopted in the study of scene perception and visual search. Research dealing with “real-world” tasks and research utilizing the visual-world paradigm are also briefly discussed. 相似文献
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Keith Rayner 《Visual cognition》2014,22(3-4):242-258
The development of the gaze-contingent moving window paradigm (McConkie & Rayner, 1975, 1976) is discussed and the results of the earliest research are reviewed. The original work suggested that the region from which readers can obtain useful information during an eye fixation in reading, or the perceptual span, was asymmetric around the fixation point, and extended from 3–4 letter spaces to the left of fixation to about 14–15 letter spaces to the right of fixation. Subsequent research which substantiated these findings is discussed. Then more recent research using the moving window paradigm to investigate the following topics (1) effects of reading speed, (2) effects of reading skill, (3) effects of the writing system, (4) effects due to age, (5) effects related to deafness, and (5) effects related to schizophrenia is discussed. Finally, some extensions of gaze-contingent paradigms to areas other than reading are discussed. 相似文献
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平滑追随眼动的神经机制综述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
平滑追随眼动作为视觉引导的眼动行为之一,是指为保障对运动目标的精细觉察,眼睛追随慢速运动的目标以使其处于中央凹位置时眼球的运动情况。本文简要归纳介绍了平滑追随眼动的实验范式、测量指标和影响因素,在此基础上重点详述了平滑追随眼动的皮质-脑桥-小脑神经通路,其中皮质区的额眼区、辅眼区、颞中区、内侧上颞区及侧顶区在平滑追随眼动的产生中具有不同作用;而脑桥核和脑桥被盖网状核作为中继站负责将来自顶枕区和额叶区信号传递到小脑中参与眼动的区域;小脑的绒球和副绒球及蚓体负责处理平滑追随的眼动信号,并协调前庭神经反射。对平滑追随眼动的理解不仅可以帮助我们区分眼动的正常与否,发挥其临床诊断和药理学评估的作用,而且有助于确定患者大脑器质性病变或损伤的程度,同时为进一步的实验认知研究和验证提供理论基础。 相似文献
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Abstract— This article compares studies that use event-related brain potential (ERP) and eye movement data to examine changes in reading behavior when a text is read twice. Although the types of information provided by these methodologies are different, both indicate that rereading a text facilitates many aspects of processing. ERPs provide a method for measuring comprehension and memory processes separately, while eye movements provide a continuous record of performance and allow changes in reading behavior to be localized to specific words. The results from these studies are compatible. However, converging evidence is not always found when different paradigms are contrasted, and diverging results can provide important information. To facilitate comparison across experiments, we suggest using a common set of materials for both paradigms. We conclude that comparing the results of research based on more than one paradigm provides a more complete understanding of the processes involved in reading. 相似文献
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The neural substrates of eye movement measures are largely known. Therefore, measurement of eye movements in psychiatric disorders may provide insight into the underlying neuropathology of these disorders. Visually guided saccades, antisaccades, memory guided saccades, and smooth pursuit eye movements will be reviewed in various childhood psychiatric disorders. The four aims of this review are (1) to give a thorough overview of eye movement studies in a wide array of psychiatric disorders occurring during childhood and adolescence (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional deviant disorder and conduct disorder, autism spectrum disorders, reading disorder, childhood-onset schizophrenia, Tourette’s syndrome, obsessive compulsive disorder, and anxiety and depression), (2) to discuss the specificity and overlap of eye movement findings across disorders and paradigms, (3) to discuss the developmental aspects of eye movement abnormalities in childhood and adolescence psychiatric disorders, and (4) to present suggestions for future research. In order to make this review of interest to a broad audience, attention will be given to the clinical manifestation of the disorders and the theoretical background of the eye movement paradigms. 相似文献
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《Brain and cognition》2009,69(3):391-414
The neural substrates of eye movement measures are largely known. Therefore, measurement of eye movements in psychiatric disorders may provide insight into the underlying neuropathology of these disorders. Visually guided saccades, antisaccades, memory guided saccades, and smooth pursuit eye movements will be reviewed in various childhood psychiatric disorders. The four aims of this review are (1) to give a thorough overview of eye movement studies in a wide array of psychiatric disorders occurring during childhood and adolescence (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional deviant disorder and conduct disorder, autism spectrum disorders, reading disorder, childhood-onset schizophrenia, Tourette’s syndrome, obsessive compulsive disorder, and anxiety and depression), (2) to discuss the specificity and overlap of eye movement findings across disorders and paradigms, (3) to discuss the developmental aspects of eye movement abnormalities in childhood and adolescence psychiatric disorders, and (4) to present suggestions for future research. In order to make this review of interest to a broad audience, attention will be given to the clinical manifestation of the disorders and the theoretical background of the eye movement paradigms. 相似文献
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研究提出一种新的连续闪烁抑制(CFS)范式, 利用透明度混合(alpha blending)原理, 使目标刺激的颜色与相应位置的掩蔽刺激的颜色时刻保持一致。研究随机招募了8名被试, 向其优势眼呈现Mondrian图像序列, 非优势眼呈现固定速率运动的多个正方形。结果表明目标为多运动点动态刺激时, 该范式依然具备掩蔽作用, 且当目标刺激与相应位置的掩蔽刺激的颜色完全一致时, 掩蔽效果最好, 证明这种新范式比传统CFS范式对动态刺激的掩蔽作用更好。相比以往修改CFS掩蔽刺激的思路, 该范式为研究无意识视觉运动加工提供了新方法, 且适用性更广。 相似文献
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个体认识论的研究现状与展望 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12
个体认识论是个体对知识性质和认识过程的信念,这些信念深刻地影响知识获得和知识建构过程。学生的认识信念是理解学生学习过程的关键成分之一。关于个体认识论研究有个体认识论的发展研究、个体认识的信念系统研究和个体认识的元认知过程研究等三种主要研究取向,这些研究取向既面临着新的问题又各具挑战性的展望 相似文献