重庆市中学生与其父母价值观的差异研究

从与其父母间具有差异的价值观的角度出发,本研究自编了重庆市中学生价值观量表,并对重庆市的中学生及其家长进行了调查。结果显示:(1)自编的问卷具有良好的信效度;(2)重庆市中学生的价值观具有显著的性别主效应和年级主效应,学校区域和学校类型均不存在主效应;父亲职业、母亲职业在某些维度上存在主效应。(3)中学生与其父母的价值观在多个维度上都存在差异。在六个主因素中,学生最看重自我方面,而家长最看重家庭。次因素中,学生最看重的是家庭气氛、平等、独立和隐私,家长最看重的是家庭气氛、家庭责任、平等、知识价值。     

北京中学生的消费价值观与消费行为

对北京青少年的消费价值观和消费行为进行了探索性研究 ,被试为 13～ 19岁中学、职高及技校在校各年级学生 4193人 (男 10 86人 ,女 2 387人 ) ,用自编的中学生消费问卷、青少年亲子关系问卷、个人主义 -集体主义量表进行集体施测。因素分析结果表明 ,消费价值观包含保持勤俭传统、追求现代生活和消费压力 3个因素 ,北京大多数中学生的消费价值观是倾向于保持勤俭传统 ,贫富差距和消费能力的差距对大多数中学生来说没有构成压力。因素分析结果将青少年的消费行为分为谨慎型、流行型、实际型和攀比型 4种消费行为类型 ,谨慎型消费是北京中学生消费行为的主流。消费价值观与消费行为之间有着特定的关系。根据消费社会化理论对影响青少年消费价值观和行为的因素进行了分析 ,结果表明家庭社会经济地位和亲子关系都对青少年的消费模式产生影响。     

中学生感知到的数学教师支持问卷的编制

采用理论分析和开放式问卷调查等方法提出中学生感知到的数学教师支持的基本结构并编制问卷项目。先以302名中学生为被试,对自编初始问卷进行预测,结果显示,中学生感知到的数学教师支持问卷包括情感支持、自主支持和认知支持3个维度。再对347名中学生正式施测,进行信度和验证性因素分析,结果显示,总问卷α系数为0.92,三个维度α系数在0.75~0.89之间,验证性因素分析各项拟合指标较为理想,具有较好的结构效度。因此,编制的问卷具有较好的信效度,是测量中学生感知到的数学教师支持的有效工具。     

青年学生价值目标结构的研究

本研究在文献分析的基础上,结合国外已有相关量表,通过访谈、开放式问卷等方法,构建了我国青年学生价值目标理论维度,并据此编制了青年学生价值目标量表,对量表进行探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析后表明,青年学生价值目标包括6个维度：和平和安宁的价值目标、友谊和真爱价值目标、刺激和享乐价值目标、名望和权力价值目标、自我实现与发展价值目标、奉献价值目标。     

大学生择业价值取向调查问卷的编制及初步研究

通过对影响大学生职业决策因素的基线调查,编制大学生择业价值取向调查问卷,进而分析影响大学生职业选择的因素及大学生择业观。结果表明(1)影响大学生职业决策的因素依次为工资福利、自我价值的实现、专业及个人兴趣、工作环境、社会需要、工作稳定性、生活环境等;(2)量表具有较高的信度和效度;(3)大学生择业价值观具有社会取向和个人取向两个维度,而且大学生更倾向于个人取向;(4)不同性别大学生择业价值观并不存在显著性差异,但对择业标准的认识上可能不同。     

当代中国人价值观的结构与特点

本研究以事实驱动作为方法学切入点, 系统研究了中国人的价值观结构及特点等问题。研究采用通过系统编制形成的《中国人价值观问卷》, 对工人、农民、专业技术人员、大学生和中学生五类人群进行了测量。其中, 1100份有效数据的探索性因素分析表明, 中国人价值观是一个8因素结构, 具体包括品格自律、才能务实、公共利益、人伦情感、名望成就、家庭本位、守法从众、金钱权力; 随后对1196份有效数据进行结构验证和信度检验, 结果表明中国人价值观问卷(Chinese Values Questionnaire, CVQ)具有良好的构想效度和信度。同时, 通过对中国人价值观现状的分析发现, 中国人价值观具有“好人定位”特点, 并据此提出相应的理论模型。     

中学生消费价值观在家庭理财教育方式与消费决策风格之间的中介作用

目的：考察中学生消费价值观在家庭理财教育方式与消费决策风格之间的中介作用。方法：377名中学生完成了中学生消费价值观问卷、家庭理财教育方式问卷和中学生消费决策风格问卷。结果：父母积极的教育方式可通过树立合理的消费价值观来促进中学生形成理性的决策风格;父母消极的教育方式一方面通过树立不合理的消费价值观助长中学生非理性的决策风格,另一方面通过减弱合理的消费价值观来减弱其合理的决策风格。结论：中学生消费价值观在家庭理财教育方式与消费决策风格之间起中介作用。     

生育价值观的理论构建及问卷的初步编制

通过文献综述、开放式调查、专家咨询和小样本测试的统计分析等提出了生育价值观的理论构想,以此为基础自编了育龄青年生育价值观问卷,并对正式问卷调查结果进行了探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析,结果表明：生育价值观是一个多层次和多维度的体系,包括3个二阶因素和9个一阶因素。该研究所构建的生育价值观理论结构比较合理,初步编制的量表需修订和完善。本研究可以为继续探讨人们的生育价值观特征提供有意义的基础。     

中学生个人认识论的理论构建与测量

基于个人认识论理论中较为成熟的反省判断模型,本研究构建了中学生个人认识论的理论框架,并进一步编制了中学生个人认识论问卷,随后调查了459名中学生,结果发现:(1)初测问卷具有良好的项目区分度、结构效度和内部一致性信度。(2)个人认识论的结构由五个一阶因素、两个二阶因素构成:一阶因素分别包括知识的确定性、知识的简单性、知识的来源、求知的论证性、表征多元;二阶因素包括知识的本质和求知的本质。     

中学生个性因素及其与学业成就关系的探讨

研究者基于个性对个体成功具有重要影响的观点,假设中学生的个性对其学业成就具有预测性。采用儿童14种人格因素问卷对145名初中生进行测试,并对14种人格变量进行因素分析,得到了自我控制能力因素、精神状态因素、合作与创新精神因素、社会能力因素和智力性因素等5个因子。再利用这5个因子与学生的期末成绩(语、数、外总成绩)进行全纳回归分析,结果发现:与非智力的个性因素相比,智力性因素对中学生的学业成就可以进行更为有效的预测。     

新时代青少年价值观的构成特征与适应功能研究

在中国改革开放和社会变迁的新时代背景下,分析青少年价值观构成特征,形成有效的测量工具,并对初、高中共780名学生的价值观结构及价值观的学校和社会适应功能进行调查。结果发现：中国青少年价值观由社会平等、集体取向 、遵纪守则、亲情、友情、上进竞争、时尚、享受快乐 8个维度构成,问卷具有良好的信、效度;男生相对女生更认同友情,初中生相比高中生更认同社会公平和亲情,高中生更认同享受快乐;青少年价值观各维度对学校和社会适应的某些指标具有预测作用：对上进竞争的认同可以正向预测学业成绩和学校能力;对时尚的认同负向预测学业成绩和亲社会行为,正向预测学习问题;对亲情的认同正向预测社会能力和亲社会行为;对友情的认同正向预测同伴偏好。总体而言,新时代青少年价值观构成特征受到自身发展阶段、社会经济文化等因素的影响,研究结果有助于理解现阶段青少年健康心理发展与价值观教育之间的关系,对未来的青少年价值观教育提供了心理学的实证依据。     

Teachers’ personal values,age, and educational setting shape their socialisation values

ABSTRACT

Teachers in kindergartens and schools also fill an important role of values educators. The study examined teachers’ socialisation values and their links with teachers’ personal values, age, education, and educational setting (kindergarten vs school). A total of 391 teachers in Estonia filled in the Schwartz’s Portrait Values Questionnaire that assessed their personal and socialisation values. Teachers considered self-transcendence values most important personally and in socialisation of children, followed by openness to change values. At the same time, teachers differentiated between their personal and socialisation values: openness to change was rated higher as a socialisation than as a personal value. The variation in teachers’ socialisation values stemmed from their personal values, teachers’ age, and educational setting.     

What are the values of young people and how are these different from the values of older generations in Georgia?

This article examines the basic values of young people (aged 18 to 25) and analyses how, if at all, these are different from the values of older generations in Georgia. Based on Shalom H. Schwartz’s Theory of Basic Values (2012), the study uses quantitative (secondary analysis of the World Values Survey [WVS]) and qualitative (40 in-depth interviews) research methods to explore basic values, perceptions and attitudes, as well as tolerance towards different minority groups in Georgia. The research findings reveal that Schwartz’s higher-ordered values ‘conservation’ (including ‘conformity’ and ‘tradition’) and ‘self-transcendence’ (including ‘benevolence’ and ‘universalism’) are very important for all age groups in Georgia. In contrast, the values of ‘openness to change’ and ‘self-enhancement’ are assessed quite dissimilarly by young and older generations. In addition, the youth turned out to be more tolerant towards different minority groups, such as people of a different religion and race, immigrants and sexual minorities.     

Asian values scale: comparisons of Korean and Korean-American high school students

This study was intended to examine mean differences on the Asian Values Scale between Korean and Korean-American high school students. For 199 Korean and 217 second generation Korean-American high school students, means on emotional self-control and collectivism were significantly different. A two-sample t test on the mean scores of Korean high school students (M=4.5, SD=0.6) and second-generation Korean-American high school students (M=3.9, SD=0.5) indicated significant differences (p<.001). This present study contrasts directly with Kim, Atkinson, and Yang's past findings of no differences between first- and second-generation Asian college students.     

Personality,Personal Values and Growth in Military Special Unit Patrol Teams Operating in a Polar Environment

This longitudinal study assessed personality traits, personal values and personal growth of six two-man Danish military Sirius Patrol teams. The NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO PI-R) findings indicated a psychologically adapted group, consistent with the elevation on the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM) Boldness factor. Self-direction, Universalism, and Stimulation were the highest rated and stable values on the Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ); the Power value showed a significant linear increase over time. The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) findings indicated perceptions of considerable growth through participating in the Sirius Patrol. Assessment of the combination of personality traits and value hierarchies of other military groups in relation to types of operations engaged in is considered.     

中学生孝道信念的特点及其与亲子依恋和人际适应的关系

采用问卷法对全国六城市共2327名中学生的孝道信念、亲子依恋、人际适应状况(亲社会倾向和人际疏离)进行调查,探讨了中学生孝道信念的特点以及孝道信念、亲子依恋和人际适应间的关系,结果发现:(1)男生的权威性孝道显著高于女生,初中生的互惠性孝道和权威性孝道均显著高于高中生;(2)互惠性孝道与亲社会倾向呈显著正相关,与人际疏离呈显著负相关,权威性孝道与人际适应两维度的相关不显著;(3)互惠性孝道在亲子依恋对人际适应的预测中起部分中介作用。     

Middle school students’ perceptions of quality of life

Data are reported on 2278 public middle school students in South Carolina, U.S.A. Levels and demographic effects on their satisfaction with their overall lives as well as five specific domains (family, friends, self, school, and living environment) were assessed. Similar to findings with adults and high school students, most middle schoolers reported positive levels of global and domain-specific life satisfaction. Although statistically significant in some cases, the practical significance of the demographic variables was limited. Many middle schoolers reported particular dissatisfaction with their school experiences.     

“What matters to us”: The portrait values questionnaire to measure couple values

No previous studies have analyzed values as qualities of relational microsystems, such as the romantic couple. Based on Schwartz's Theory of Human Values, this study examines the psychometric properties of the Portrait Couple Values Questionnaire (PCVQ). It measures four couple value dimensions: conservation, openness to change, self-enhancement, and self-transcendence. Five hundred and forty-six Italian respondents (54.1% women), aged 41.52 years (SD = 7.19; range 23–63) and having a couple relationship, have filled in an anonymous online questionnaire. The results show the good psychometric properties of the PCVQ. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis Magnifying Glass Strategy shows good indexes of fit for each value dimension, except for the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) for openness to change, thus confirming that the PCVQ measures the four values with satisfactory internal consistency. The Multidimensional Scaling results, by showing a Stress-1 index of 0.07, confirm the circular structure of values because the four value dimensions are in the position predicted by Schwartz's model. Participants' personal and couple values are highly but not perfectly correlated, suggesting that couple values are a related but distinct construct compared to personal values. This study's contribution lies in introducing an innovative construct into the literature on values and couples, proposing a scale to assess it.     

高中生理想人格结构分析

本研究采用自制的人格特质词自评量表对全国十四省市的850名高中生的理想人格进行了调查,结果显示：高中生的理想人格结构包括有理性、宜人性、虚伪性(负价)、内外倾和有活力五个因素;女生在虚伪性这一负性评价因素上比男生更持否定态度。