PTEN、p53和BAG-1在三阴乳腺癌中的表达及意义

为了研究PTEN、p53和BAG-1在三阴乳腺癌中的表达情况及临床病理意义,并讨论三者之间的关系.采用免疫组织化学SP法检测89例三阴乳腺癌中PTEN、p53、BAG-1的表达,其阳性表达率分别为44.9％、47.2％、73.0％,三者的表达均与患者的病理组织学分级、淋巴结转移情况有关（P＜0.05）.PTEN的表达与p53、BAG-1表达呈负相关;BAG-1与p53的表达呈正相关,提示三者在三阴乳腺癌中的表达存在一定关联性,临床上联合检测三者可能为TNBC预后评估、患者的个体化治疗提供一定的参考.     

乳腺癌中4．1N蛋白和E-cadherin蛋白表达的临床意义

研究乳腺癌组织中4．1N 蛋白和上皮型钙黏附素（E-cadherin）的表达情况及临床病理意义。应用免疫组织化学PV-6000法和western blot法检测4．1N蛋白及E-adherin在乳腺癌中的表达。二者在乳腺癌与乳腺良性病变组织的差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,在乳腺癌中表达与组织学分级、临床分期、淋巴结转移有关（P＜0．05）,4．1N和E-adherin之间呈正相关。二者与浸润性乳腺癌的发生及发展相关,可为乳腺癌诊断及治疗提供参考。     

当前表型——乳腺癌分子靶向治疗的动态依据

乳腺癌当前表型是指乳腺癌患者在接受治疗时乳腺癌组织的受体分子表达情况.对于乳腺癌术后辅助治疗的患者,其术后病理免疫组化结果可直接作为乳腺癌当前表型使用;对于复发转移的乳腺癌患者,其转移灶、循环肿瘤细胞结合原发灶的免疫组织或细胞化学结果可用于综合判断乳腺癌当前表型.乳腺癌当前表型的检测及应用为乳腺癌分子靶向治疗提供了动态的循证医学依据,及时掌握和捕获乳腺癌细胞的表型变化,并对治疗方案作出相应调整具有重要的临床意义.将乳腺癌当前表型这一概念引入临床,保证了临床医师治疗乳腺癌的“与时俱进”.     

血清S-CD105监测乳腺癌术后复发转移的意义

探讨复发转移性乳腺癌患者血清S-CD105表述情况及其临床意义.用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测50例复发转移性乳腺癌,20例乳腺良性疾病及15例健康女性血清S-CD105的浓度;用微粒子化学发光法检测复发转移患者同期血清CEA、CA15-3的浓度.复发转移性乳腺癌患者血清S-CD105表述明显升高.单项检测S-CD105优于CEA、CA15-3,与CEA和CA15-3联合检测表达相似.血清S-CD105可能对监测乳腺癌患者术后复发转移有重要临床价值.     

血清S-CD105监测乳腺癌术后复发转移的意义

探讨复发转移性乳腺癌患者血清S-CD105表达情况及其临床意义。用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测50例复发转移性乳腺癌,20例乳腺良性疾病及15例健康女性血清S-CD105的浓度;用微粒子化学发光法检测复发转移患者同期血清CEA、CA15-3的浓度。复发转移性乳腺癌患者血清S-CD105表达明显升高。单项检测S-CD105优于CEA、CA15-3,与CEA和CA15-3联合检测表达相似。血清S-CD105可能对监测乳腺癌患者术后复发转移有重要临床价值。     

Pirh2在分化型甲状腺癌中的表达及意义

探讨Pirh2、P53在分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)中的表达及其意义.随机选取湖南省人民医院乳腺甲状腺外科2006.6～2011.6间DTC64例,应用免疫组化法检测癌组织中的Pirh2、P53的表达.并以结节性甲状腺肿等良性甲状腺疾病病例作为对照,分析Pirh2、P53对DTC的可能作用.Pirh2、P53分别在64例DTC中阳性表达为68.8％ (44/64)、28.1％(18/64),而在36例甲状腺良性疾病中阳性表达为25％(9/36)、16.7％(6/36).Pirh2在DTC与良性肿瘤间的表达存在差异显著性(P＜0.001).P53在两者间的表达无差异显著性(P＞0.05).Pirh2表达与P53的表达具有正相关性(r=0.316、P＜0.05).Pirh2在DTC中呈较高表达,而在良性甲状腺疾病中表达率低,Pirh2可能与P53共同调节DTC的发生发展.     

APC及p63在人口腔鳞状细胞癌发生中的表达及病理意义

为了探讨抑癌基因APC及p63在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的蛋白表达水平和病理意义,实验收集46例人口腔鳞癌石蜡包埋组织,采用elivision染色法检测口腔正常黏膜上皮、上皮异常增生和口腔鳞癌组织中的APC及p63的表达变化,最后将各组份的免疫组化结果与各病例的临床病理学资料使用Kruskal- Wallis检验或Spearman相关性检验,进行统计学处理.结果显示APC蛋白胞浆表达水平与口腔鳞癌的分化呈正相关(P＜0.05),p63蛋白胞核表达水平与口腔鳞癌的分化呈负相关(P＜0.05).APC与其淋巴结有否转移无相关性,而p63与其淋巴结转移有否呈负相关(P＜0.05).因此,APC及p63的表达与口腔鳞癌的发生密切相关,而且与口腔鳞癌的分化程度有关,提示APC和p63可作为口腔鳞癌的发生和预后的检测指标.     

三阴性乳腺癌临床病理特征及预后回顾性分析

回顾三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)病例,进行临床病理特征对比及预后分析.收集2005年1月至2006年12月在我院经手术治疗,经病理组织学确诊,并可随访到的348例乳腺癌病例资料,研究其临床病理特征,分析预后.结果TNBC多见于50岁以前未绝经女性,肿块＞2cm(72.2％)比例高于非三阴性乳腺癌(non-TNBC) 51.4％ (P＜0.05),复发转移率显著高于non-TNBC (P＜0.05).5年无病生存率(DFS),TNBC 62.8％低于non-TNBC 79.6％(P＜0.05).5年总生存率(OS),TNBC 73.6％低于non-TNBC 89.8％(P＜0.05).三阴性乳腺癌恶性程度高,转移复发率高,预后差,生存率低,其有效治疗方案需进一步研究.     

复发转移性乳腺癌患者血浆VEGF水平的临床价值研究

探讨血浆血管内皮生长因子（P-VEGF）在乳腺癌术后复发转移患者中的表达情况及临床意义。采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测50例术后复发转移性乳腺癌患者及20例乳腺良性疾病对照组的P-VEGF含量,同期采用微粒子化学发光法检测术后复发转移性乳腺癌患者血清CEA和CA15-3的表达情况,进行对比研究。结论认为转移肿瘤细胞可产生大量...     

HMGA1及MMP2在非小细胞肺癌中的表达、临床意义

采用免疫组织化学方法检测高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGA 1)及基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP2)在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中的表达.结果显示在NSCLC中HMGA1及MM P2的阳性表达率(57.1％、63.5％)显著高于正常肺组织,其阳性表达与性别、年龄无关(P＞0.05),与肺癌分化程度、TNM分期和有无淋巴结转移密切相关(P＜0 05).因此临床上,联合检测HMGA 1及MM P2蛋白对NSCLC的诊断及判断其预后可能具有一定的参考价值.     

Genetic Counseling, Reproductive Behavior and Future Reproductive Intentions of People with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1)

Neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1) is a complex and variable inherited disorder. The complexity and variability present particular difficulty for genetic counseling. Thirty-three people with NF1 of reproductive age were interviewed about their experience of genetic counseling, their past reproductive behavior and future intentions. One third reported having had no genetic counseling or not having it until after their first child. In part, this may be due to delay in diagnosis but also indicates poor access to genetic services. Only three people had ever been offered prenatal genetic testing and only one had accepted. Although testing is still technically difficult, the greatest deterrent to uptake of prenatal testing for NF1 is the variability of the disorder. However, six of the 17 people planning future pregnancies would want a test with a view to termination if necessary. Others would welcome testing in order to be prepared but not to terminate. We discuss some of the factors which influence reproductive decision making for people with NF1 and some of the difficulties in genetic counseling in such a variable and complex disorder.     

Molecular carrier testing for the fragile X syndrome: Issues for genetic counselors

Molecular analysis of the fragile X (FMR-1) gene identifies female fragile X carriers, but appropriate genetic counseling can only be provided if the limitations of the testing methods are understood. Molecular analysis of this gene is achieved with both the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot techniques. PCR is faster and can determine the actual number of CGG repeats, which modifies genetic counseling substantially. However, for a sizeable percentage of women, PCR alone is not conclusive, and Southern analysis is necessary to complete the study. While this procedure takes longer, it is usually conclusive. Women who present for genetic counseling and carrier testing in the second trimester of pregnancy need this information quickly, and for them the turn-around time is paramount. It is critical that genetic counselors understand these methods so that they can educate their clients and facilitate appropriate follow-up.     

甲流了解程度、疫苗安全感知、接种行为及其影响机制

采用问卷调查的方法, 对甲流了解程度、疫苗安全感知、接种行为及其影响机制进行了研究, 并运用结构方程对提出的模型进行了验证和调整。结果表明：(1)民众对甲流疫情基本情况、疫苗接种要求和传播途径等方面有较高的了解程度, 但对预防措施和疫苗信息了解较少。(2)交流卷入对了解程度不存在显著影响; 而新闻卷入对了解程度有显著正向影响, 并且新闻卷入对感知疫苗安全程度的正向影响受到了解程度的部分中介。(3)感知甲流疫苗越安全, 越倾向于选择接种疫苗。(4)人格对疫苗的风险认知存在显著影响, 个人随和性(Agreeableness)程度越高, 则感知疫苗的安全程度越高, 而年龄和性别对其均没有显著影响。     

《性自命出》性情论辨析——兼论其学派归属问题

《性自命出》作为儒学文献虽为诸多学者认同,然而亦有将之归结为与道家或法家思想更有相通之处者。依笔者之浅见,否认《性自命出》的儒家学派性质多出于对其中性、情两个重要范畴的误解。本文拟从深入辨析《性自命出》的性情论为基点,一方面纵向探索《性自命出》与孔子的学术关联,另一方面横向剖析它与道家、法家的思想分歧,旨在说明,就《性自命出》不离孔门之宗而又异于道、法之旨而言,它当属于儒家文献而无疑。     

知道感（FOK）和不知道感（FOnK）的实验分离

新近的脑成像研究结果提示：“知道感”（FOK）与“不知道感”（FOnK）可能是由两种不同的认知与脑机制所实现的。尽管这一设想质疑了以往的知道感研究中对此二者不加区分的处理方法,但脑成像研究在本质上是一种相关研究,因而并不能提供因果性的推论。这项行为实验将加工深度对FOK和FOnK的影响分开来加以考察,结果发现：深度加工只能使FOK的预测准确性增加,但却不但不能使FOnK的预测准确性增加,反而会使之降低。上述结果在（1）被试内设计,（2）被试间设计,（3）排除熟悉性所导致的不确定的再认等三种情况下都成立。上述结果为知道感的“双过程假设”提供了来自行为研究的证据。     

概化理论研究及应用前景

1972年,Cronbach和他的同事们提出概化理论之后,概化理论在行为与心理测量领域得到了广泛的应用,较之经典测量理论,它的优势逐渐地显露：(1)测量的多种误差来源可以在同一个分析中分别估计;(2)可以指导决策者选择最优测量方案;(3)提供可靠性系数：概化系数(G系数)和依存性指标(φ系数)用于不同的决策任务;(4)排除了严格平行测验的假设。概化理论以它的精确性和可藏性受到了信度测量领域研究者们的青睐,本文旨在对概化理论的基本框架、产生、发展及应用前景进行详细论述。     

言语和非言语信号加工的早期分离——来自ERP研究的证据

利用128导事件相关电位技术,对19名正常被试在言语、峰鸣声和音乐刺激上产生的脑电早期外源性成分N1进行了考察。实验结果发现,在音素条件和蜂鸣声条件下,左侧额叶N1波幅显著高于右侧。偶极子溯源分析发现音素条件和蜂鸣声条件下的偶极子都位于左脑额叶,而音乐条件下的两个偶极子位于右脑额叶。证明范畴属性对信号加工大脑半球优势的影响在加工的早期就开始发挥作用。     

Bloom and His Critics: Nietzsche, Nihilism, and the Aims of Education

The central questions raised by Allan Bloom's The Closing of theAmerican Mind are often overlooked. Among the most important ofBloom's themes is the impact of nihilism upon education. Bloom condemnsnihilism. Interestingly, we find among his critics two alternativejudgments. Richard Schacht, citing Nietzsche, asserts that nihilism,while fruitless in and of itself, is a necessary prerequisite tosomething higher. Harry Neumann, affirming the accuracy of nihilism,declares that both Bloom and Nietzsche reject nihilism out of ignoranceborn of weakness. All three philosophers understand that the purpose ofeducation emerges from one's position on nihilism. If nihilism is true,then it is senseless and cowardly to teach one's students that there aregrounds for moral judgments. On the other hand, if one believes thatthere is an objective higher and lower in moral matters, then one cannotat the same time consistently endorse nihilism or the atheism upon whichit rests. There is reason to believe that a consistent nihilism isimpossible and hence that the concept is bankrupt. But then something istrue, and there are grounds for moral judgment. Education must respondaccordingly. But even Bloom with his emphasis on the Great Books fallsshort of what is required. An education which aims to defeat nihilismmust, at the very least, hold out the promise that through thecultivation of reason one may indeed arrive at the truth.     

Structural priming of adjective-noun structures in hearing and deaf children

We examined priming of adjective-noun structures in Dutch hearing and deaf children. In three experiments, hearing 7- and 8-year-olds, hearing 11- and 12-year-olds, and deaf 11- and 12-year-olds read a prenominal structure (e.g., the blue ball), a relative clause structure (e.g., the ball that is blue), or a main clause (e.g., the ball is blue). After reading each prime structure, children described a target picture in writing. Half of the target pictures contained the same noun as the prime structure and half contained a different noun. Hearing 7- and 8-year-olds and 11- and 12-year-olds, as well as deaf 11- and 12-year-olds, showed priming effects for all three structures in both the same-noun and different-noun conditions. Structural priming was not boosted by lexical repetition in the hearing and deaf 11- and 12-year-olds; a lexical boost effect was observed only in the 7- and 8-year-olds and only in the relative clause structure. The findings suggest that hearing and deaf children possess abstract representations of adjective-noun structures independent of particular lexical items.     

Sleep-Related Problems in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Intensive Exposure Therapy

Limited research has examined sleep-related problems (SRPs) among children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The present study addresses this gap by investigating preliminary associations between SRPs, demographic factors (gender and age), family variables (family accommodation and parental stress), and clinical factors (medication status, internalizing and externalizing symptoms, OCD severity, OCD-related impairment), and treatment outcomes in a sample of 103 youth (aged 7 to 17 years; 53% female) with a primary diagnosis of OCD. Clinician, parent, and child measures were used to assess demographic, family, and clinical predictors. SRPs were assessed using an 8-item measure comprising items of the Child Behaviour Checklist, Child Depression Inventory, and Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children as used in previous studies. Results showed that SRPs were highly prevalent among this sample and that more SRPs were associated with younger age, internalizing problems, and functional impairment. However, SRPs were not an independent predictor of OCD severity, impairment, or treatment response. Preliminary findings suggest that SRPs among youth with OCD may be more strongly associated with broader internalizing symptoms than with OCD itself. Future longitudinal research is warranted to further explore the complexity of SRPs when co-occurring with pediatric OCD.