完善我国公共财政卫生投入体制的研究

由于医疗卫生领域存在市场失灵,政府必须进行干预。公共财政则需承担其在卫生领域的责任,因此研究公共财政对卫生领域的投入,对于我国卫生事业的发展具有重要意义。阐述了我国公共财政卫生投入的理论,描述了分税制改革以来我国卫生公共投入的现状及国际比较,并对此提出进一步完善的建议。     

完善我国公共财政卫生投入体制的研究

由于医疗卫生领域存在市场失灵,政府必须进行干预.公共财政则需承担其在卫生领域的责任,因此研究公共财政对卫生领域的投入,对于我国卫生事业的发展具有重要意义.阐述了我国公共财政卫生投入的理论,描述了分税制改革以来我国卫生公共投入的现状及国际比较,并对此提出进一步完善的建议.     

21世纪初卫生立法面临的新任务

研究讨论２１世纪初卫生立法面临的新任务,进入知识经济和信息社会时期,卫生事业发展、医学科学战略规划,人人享有健康权益目标实现,应有法律规范,并提出新世纪初卫生立法指导思想、基本原则及立法特点,提供了一份卫生立法框架构思。     

和谐社会卫生观论纲

和谐社会卫生观是在卫生事业的发展中人与自然;人与社会;卫生事业与社会;卫生事业内部子系统;卫生政策主体与客体处于一种互动共生的观念.和谐社会卫生观的基本内涵是:有序、平衡、协调、良性运行与发展.和谐社会卫生观既是一种世界观,也是一种方法论.在卫生领域,是一种卫生观.     

医学科学,卫生保健与卫生革命（待续）

当代卫生革命的任务是什么？当代医学科学、卫生保健服务与当代卫生革命的任务相适应吗？一、疾病流行特点与卫生革命不同时期卫生革命的任务与目标，决定于不同时期健康需求及疾病流行的规律与特点。从人类历史发展的情况看，疾病的滋生、蔓延与流行特点，总是与人类社会...     

从“精神卫生”到“心理健康”和“社会心理服务”:现实与期待

美国医学史研究者肖特(Edward Shorter)(2008)曾指出:生物学思想在20世纪末赋予了精神病学如同其他医学领域一样由科学驱动的能力,“但是这种潜质一直没有化为现实”。因为精神病学“陷入了流行价值观、企业文化以及诊断的科学至上主义泥沼”。中国的精神卫生领域经历了从传统收容式精神病院到“精神卫生中心”式的综合...     

试论卫生与法律的关系

卫生是人类重要的社会实践活动。卫生也是保护人体健康的重要社会事业,需要法律的保护和导向。卫生法为卫生发展提供了良好的社会环境,并控制医药卫生无序、失控及异化带来的社会危害性,造福人类,促进经济发展和社会进步。     

卫生美术的特点及应用研究

卫生美术是美术在卫生健康传播领域的应用,它是一门科学与艺术相融合的艺术,讲求社会效益的获取。卫生美术的专门表达内容和特殊社会价值,需要我们不断深入地去研究。文章主要分析了卫生美术存在的特点和意义,并对它在健康传播中的作用、存在问题及发展中需要重视研究的几个关键点进行了阐述,以期能使人们提高对卫生美术的认识,了解卫生美术存在的意义,让卫生美术在现代健康传播中发挥更积极的作用。     

深化卫生事业改革应关注卫生经济伦理学研究

卫生经济伦理学是应用伦理学的一个分支,相对于经济学和卫生经济学的发展,卫生经济伦理学的建立和发展滞后,导致卫生经济体制改革的经济效果与社会效果的一定程度的偏离.卫生经济伦理学的理论前提是社会结构变迁要求各个相对独立社会领域的规则整合,其研究任务是为社会经济主体的行为提供一个规范性的评判,实现社会的和谐发展.     

社会组织参与卫生治理的形式与途径探析

有效划分卫生领域中各主体权力与责任的边界,激发社会组织活力,形成有效合作治理方式是当下我国推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要议程。通过文献综述将卫生领域中社会组织划分为利益集团、从业者组织、社区组织、与健康状况有关的社会组织和国际非政府组织五种主要形式,将其活动方式归纳为参与政策活动、提供服务和参与治理三种途径,并通过相应案例予以印证,以增进对政府与卫生行业组织关系的理解,加强和创新卫生治理体系建设,提升卫生治理水平。     

Financial strain,social capital,and perceived health during economic recession: a longitudinal survey in rural Canada

Although the health consequences of financial strain are well documented, less is understood about the health-protective role of social capital. Social capital refers to a sense of community embeddedness, which is in part reflected by group membership, civic participation, and perceptions of trust, cohesion, and engagement. We investigated whether perceptions of social capital moderate the relation between financial strain and health, both mental and physical. This longitudinal study surveyed adults in two communities in rural Ontario where significant job losses recently occurred. Data were collected on financial strain, social capital, perceived stress, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and physical health on three occasions over 18 months (N's = 355, 317, and 300). As expected, financial strain positively related to perceived stress, poor physical health and symptoms of anxiety and depression, whereas social capital related to less stress, better physical health, and fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression. Effects of financial strain on perceived stress and depressive symptoms were moderated by social capital such that financial strain related more closely to perceived stress and depressive symptoms when social capital was lower. The findings underscore the health-protective role of community associations among adults during difficult economic times.     

Associations between social capital and health status in an Australian population

This study investigated the association between social capital and health related quality of life in a sample of Australian adults. Information was collected from a sample of adults in Queensland, Australia relating to health status, health related quality of life and related social determinants of health by computer-assisted-telephone-interview survey. Significant associations were observed between social capital and physical health when adjusting for selected demographic measures. No significant association was observed between social capital and mental health. The research produced equivocal results regarding the associations between social capital and the selected measures of health-related quality of life. Evidence is presented in support of the association between social capital and physical health status, whereas no associations were observed between mental health status and social capital. The role and relationship between health and social capital remains elusive. More work is required to clearly support social capital's role in physical and mental health and well-being.     

Religion, Social Capital, and Health

Religion??s association with better physical health has been partially explained by health behaviors, psychosocial variables, and biological factors; but these factors do not fully explain the religion?Chealth connection. In concert with the religion and health literature, a burgeoning literature has linked social capital with salubrious health outcomes. Religious organizations are recognized in the social capital literature as producers and facilitators of social capital. However, few studies have examined the potential mediating role of social capital in the religion?Chealth relationship. Thus data from the 2006 Social Capital Community Benchmark Survey were analyzed for 10,828 adults. The composite unstandardized indirect effect from religion to social capital onto health was significant (???=?0.098; p?<?0.001). The unstandardized direct pathway from religion to self-reported health (???=?0.015; p?=?0.336) indicated that social capital is a mediator in the religion?Chealth relationship. Among the demographic variables investigated, only age and income had a significant direct effect on self-reported health.     

现代公共卫生的概念特征及发展方向研究

现代公共卫生本质上是组织社会共同努力,预防疾病、促进健康的广泛的社会公共事业和人类健康相关的科学与实践活动,其理论观念、目标任务和工作模式等在传统公共卫生的基础上已发生了一系列重大变化.以健康为中心、与经济社会协调发展是现代公共卫生作的重要的发展方向.     

Perfectionism and health: A mediational analysis of the roles of stress,social support and health-related behaviours

This study tested a model derived from personality theory in which perceived stress, perceived social support, health-risk and health-promotion behaviours mediate the relationship between perfectionism and perceived physical health. A sample of 538 undergraduate students completed a web-based survey assessing multi-dimensional perfectionism, perceived stress, perceived social support, health behaviours, physical health and a scale tapping elements of the five-factor model of personality. Analyses that account for the effects of traits from the five-factor model (e.g., neuroticism, conscientiousness and extraversion) indicated that socially prescribed perfectionism was associated with poorer physical health and this association was fully mediated by higher levels of perceived stress and lower levels of perceived social support. Self-oriented perfectionism was related complexly to health such that it was related to poorer health via higher levels of perceived stress, but was also related to better health via higher levels of perceived social support. Our findings illustrate the need for considering key mediators of the link between perfectionism and poor health outcomes.     

Effect of Poverty on Mental Health of Children in Rural China: The Mediating Role of Social Capital

Underprivileged children are a relatively special vulnerable group in rural China, but the relationship between poverty and children’s mental health has been rarely examined. This study aimed to investigate the effect of poverty on children’s mental health and the mediating role of social capital in their family, peer, school, and community level. Data used in this study were collected in 2015 from a school-based survey of 1314 children in grades 4–9 through a multi-stage cluster random sampling method in Xiushui, a poverty-stricken city in Mainland China. The result of structural equation modeling indicated that poverty elicited a significant predictive effect on children’s negative and positive mental health. Family social capital and peer social capital played intermediary effects between poverty and children’s mental health. However, the mediating effects of school and community social capital are not significant. The implications of these findings on theory, social policy, and social work services were also discussed.

     

Crime, Social Capital, and Community Participation

Social disorganization at the neighborhood and community levels has been consistently linked to various forms of criminal activity. However, a very much smaller body of literature addresses the effects of crime on community organizations. In some studies, crime appears to energize communities while in others, crime leads to withdrawal from community life. Using department of health crime victimization data and interviews with 2,985 low-income inner city residents living in 487 multi-family dwellings, a multi-level model examined the relationships among crime victimization, social organization, and participation in neighborhood organizations. Social organization at the individual and building levels was measured using recent formulations of social capital theory. Findings regarding crime suggested more signs of a chilling effect on participation than of an energizing effect, especially at the building level. Social capital at the building level was more strongly and consistently related to participation in community organizations than was crime.     

人力资本、社会资本和心理资本影响中国员工职业成功的元分析

以76项实证研究(78个独立样本, 21,570名员工)为对象, 综合使用元分析、结构方程模型、优势分析方法, 采用智能职业生涯为分析框架, 以竞争流动与赞助流动、市场转型理论与社会资本“嵌入”观点为理论基础, 探讨了人力资本、社会资本和心理资本对职业成功的影响及内在机制。研究结果发现：(1)人力资本、社会资本和心理资本均能显著积极地预测主客观职业成功; (2)人力资本能更加积极地预测客观职业成功, 而心理资本则能更加积极地预测主观职业成功; (3)组织赞助部分中介人力资本、社会资本与职业成功之间的关系, 部分中介心理资本与主观职业成功之间的关系, 完全中介心理资本与客观职业成功之间的关系; (4)心理资本能更加积极地预测组织赞助。     

Social Contexts and Building Social Capital for Collective Action: Three Case Studies of Volunteers in the Context of HIV and AIDS in South Africa

Social capital is increasingly conceptualised in academic and policy literature as a panacea for a range of health and development issues, particularly in the context of HIV. In this paper, we conceptualise social capital as an umbrella concept capturing processes including networks, norms, trust and relationships that open up opportunities for participation and collective action that allow communities to address issues of common concern. We specifically outline social capital as comprising three distinct forms: bonding, bridging and linking social capital. Rather than presenting original data, we draw on three well‐documented and previously published case studies of health volunteers in South Africa. We explore how social contexts shape the possibility for the emergence and sustainability of social capital. We identify three cross‐cutting contextual factors that are critical barriers to the emergence of social capital: poverty, stigma and the weakness of external organisations' abilities to support small groups. Our three case studies suggest that the assumption that social capital can be generated from the ground upwards is not reasonable. Rather, there needs to be a greater focus on how those charged with supporting small groups—non‐governmental organisations, bureaucracies and development agencies—can work to enable social capital to emerge. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

积极情绪与身心健康关系研究的进展

积极情绪与身体健康、心理健康和社会适应有密切的关系。首先,积极情绪不仅能够降低传染性疾病的感染风险,能够影响非传染性疾病病情、病程及死亡率。其次,积极情绪能够降低个体的心理易感性,使个体更好的应对负性或压力事件。最后,现有的研究表明积极情绪和社会交往存在相互促进的关系。现存的直接效应模型和压力缓冲模型解释了积极情绪直接和间接促进健康的机制。未来的研究还需在研究方法和模型完善等方面进一步改进。