三阶教与地藏菩萨——兼论三阶教与净土教围绕地藏菩萨展开的争论

通过对三阶教文献以及其他资料的分析,可明确三阶教非常重视《十轮经》和地藏菩萨,但从整个三阶教体系看,《十轮经》仅是三阶教所引诸多佛教经律论当中的一部,在所有表达地藏菩萨重要性的表述中地藏菩萨都与其他佛菩萨并列,因此说三阶教专奉《十轮经》、专崇地藏菩萨其实是夸大了《十轮经》、地藏菩萨在三阶教体系中的地位。"正合礼忏地藏菩萨"应是指地藏菩萨适合第三阶末法众生礼忏,而不是说礼忏地藏菩萨是三阶教的礼忏法,其背后实质上反映的是三阶教与净土教的论争。三阶教与净土教围绕地藏菩萨或阿弥陀佛展开的争论主要表现在普修与别行、对根起行以及谁的功德大等方面。     

论金乔觉在中国佛教史上的地位与作用

古新罗国(今朝鲜)王族金乔觉来中国九华山弘化,人们称他是地藏菩萨的应化身,尊为金地藏。从此,中国的地藏菩萨与金乔觉的名字联系在一起,中朝两国佛教徒之间的友谊进一步得到加强,九华山也成为中国佛教的四大名山之一,地藏菩萨的信仰更加深入人心。一、中朝两国佛教徒之间的友谊中朝两国佛教徒之间的友谊,渊源流长。朝鲜的佛教,是由中国传去的。早在朝鲜的三国(高句丽、新罗、百济)时代,     

九华山与地藏精神

一、明代佛教九华名山确立 中国佛教有四大名山,九华山则是其一,因以尊奉地藏菩萨而闻名于世,故成为独具特色的地藏菩萨道场。九华山佛教在唐代已经知名,《高僧传》里专门记载了开山祖师金地藏的事迹。金地藏以“和尚如斯苦行”,赢得了众人“莫不宗仰”。②唐朝廷对他也敕赐有加,唐肃宗至德元年,在成都大慈寺“敕新罗全禅师为立规制,凡九十六院,     

地藏菩萨与金乔觉

地藏菩萨是佛教中影响最大的四大菩萨之一。隋唐以后,地藏菩萨信仰深入民间,逐渐构成民间佛教信仰的重要组成部分。据说地藏菩萨在中国的应化道场为九华山,所以到九华山朝圣的信徒终年络绎不绝;农历七月三十日,是纪念地藏菩萨的节日,各地寺庙届时均举办盛大法事,宣扬地藏的盛德,许多地方还有点“地藏灯”、烧“地藏香”的风俗,地藏菩萨成为僧俗共敬的大愿     

五台山与普陀山

《普陀山志》一曰:“佛经称地藏、普贤、文殊、观音诸道场曰地、水、火、风为四大结聚。九华,地也;峨眉,火也;五台,风也;普陀,水也。”九华山为地藏菩萨住处,峨眉山为普贤菩萨住处,五台山为文殊菩萨住处,普陀山为观音菩萨住处。《普陀山志》为明候继高始撰,万历(1573一1620年)年间,周应宾予以重修。此后,遂称五台、峨眉、普陀、九华为中国佛教四大名山,而称文殊、普贤、观音、地藏为中国佛教四大菩萨,或“四大士”。     

漫说地藏菩萨对九华山民俗文化的影响

一、地藏菩萨与金地藏 九华山是中国佛教四大名山之一,是地藏王菩萨的道场。地藏菩萨,是佛教中非常重要的一位大菩。     

地藏本愿特殊性证伪——兼论《地藏经》伪经思想的起源与近代弘传

通过研究北凉录中《大方广十轮经》"地藏赞佛偈"与玄奘大师所译《地藏十轮经》"地藏赞佛偈"译文的巨大反差,试论《地藏菩萨本愿经》中的"地藏大愿"是近代中国伪经思想的起源,其源于对北凉录《大方广十轮经》中"地藏赞佛偈"个别语句的误译,而这种错误是明代以后才被广泛传播的。     

澄观对“普贤”的诠解

普贤,梵语Samantabhadra(音译邲输跋陀或三曼跋陀)的意译,亦译遍吉,为印度佛教经典中经常出现的诸多菩萨之一,亦是中国佛教界和信佛者崇拜的四大菩萨(普贤、观音、文殊、地藏)之一,峨眉山传为普贤菩萨显圣应化的道场而闻名于世。普贤之成为中国佛教中被崇拜的主要对象,即在于他具有“十大行愿”的无量功德。“十大行愿”出自《华严经》,内容是:一礼敬诸佛;二称赞如     

五台山历代修建的寺庙及其建筑特点

五台山为金口玉言敕封的佛教圣地。在《大方广佛华严经》和《佛说文殊师利宝藏陀罗尼经》中,就说它是文殊菩萨的道场。它与四川峨眉山普贤菩萨道场、浙江普陀山观音菩萨道场和安徽九华山地藏菩萨道场,并称中国佛教四大名山。而五台山者,尤以山辟最早、境地最幽、灵贶最...     

浅论地藏教法于世间伦理的应机之处——以地藏菩萨“无边身”为中心

《地藏菩萨本愿经》在天台宗判教中划归为法华涅槃时,属于一乘圆教。《法华经》之圆顿,在于其会三乘法为一佛乘。而《地藏菩萨本愿经》之殊胜则在于,将世间法也导归佛法。本文试图以"身"这一概念管窥其导归之法:看菩萨如何导众生之功利动机归道德之行;导众生之生死恐惧归菩提大愿;导众生之家庭伦理归出世善根。佛教中,     

From the fixity of the past to the fixity of the independent

There is an old but powerful argument for the claim that exhaustive divine foreknowledge is incompatible with the freedom to do otherwise. A crucial ingredient in this argument is the principle of the “Fixity of the Past” (FP). A seemingly new response to this argument has emerged, the so-called “dependence response,” which involves, among other things, abandoning FP for an alternative principle, the principle of the “Fixity of the Independent” (FI). This paper presents three arguments for the claim that FI ought to be preferred to FP.

     

On the interaction of the subject and the experiment in the matching model

Two types of matching designs, static and dynamic, are differentiated. While all matching designs are logically the same in terms of the probability model which determines chance level of performance, an attempt is made to demonstrate that there is an interaction between the tactics, strategies, and actual knowledge ofS and the type of design used which will, in turn, lead to different results even whenS's knowledge is held constant. It is suggested that analogous situations may exist within the framework of the traditional psychometric model.The work reported in this paper was supported by a National Science Foundation Undergraduate Research Participation Grant (NSF-G15797) to the senior author. The authors are indebted to Joel E. Greene for his advice and criticism.     

In the beginning was the doing: the premises of the practical syllogism

If practical reasoning deserves its name, its form must be different from that of ordinary (theoretical) reasoning. A few have thought that the conclusion of practical reasoning is an action, rather than a mental state. I argue here that if the conclusion is an action, then so too is one of the premises. You might reason your way from doing one thing to doing another: from browsing journal abstracts to reading a particular journal article. I motivate this by sympathetically re-examining Hume's claim that a conclusion about what ought to be done follows only from an argument one of whose premises is likewise about what ought to be done.     

城市化与道德嬗变

从 1 9世纪开始的大规模城市化进程是和工业化、商品化、市场化密不可分的。它带来了社会人际关系的变化和道德嬗变。它使业缘道德取代血缘道德成为社会道德的中心 ,并通过交换行为和交换价值促进道德发展和更新 ,还进一步确立了竭诚服务的社会理念。城市化是人类社会的进步 ,是现代社会文明。