VDT不同颜色显示的视觉工效比较

本项研究采用视觉作业速度、眼肌调节辐合时间变化和主观评价三项指标,对VDT显示的白、绿、蓝、黄、红、紫红6种颜色的视觉工效进行了比较。在实验中三项指标得到一致的结果。绿色显示的工效最好,红色与紫红色最差,蓝、黄、白处于中间,三者间无显著差异。     

DVT背景色的视觉工效比较研究

本研究考察了黑、白两种VDT背景颜色对视觉工效的影响。结果表明,VDT背景颜色列视觉工效有影响,其影响由VDT的字符色和背景色间的颜色对比和背景效应等因素决定。较高的浅白色背景亮度导致视疲劳增加。VDT黑色背景显示的视觉工效优于白色背景。     

计算机视觉显示终端操作员视觉工效的现场研究

本研究采用问卷、访谈和现场测量等方法对15家单位计算机视觉显示终端(VDT)操作员的视觉作业进行了现场研究,了解从事终端作业对操作员视觉工效的影响,并探讨引起 VDT 操作员视觉不适症的各种因素。研究结果表明:(1)从事 VDT 作业会引起操作员各种视觉不适症,导致操作员视力下降,且操作员的视力受影响的程度与从事 VDT 作业的工龄有关;(2)影响 VDT 操作员视觉不适症的主要因素是:不适合的 VDT 作业环境照明,VDT 显示质量(眩光、闪烁和字符显示色)以及不适合的个人作业空间尺寸;(3)根据本研究结果,建议合理设计 VDT 作业环境和工作空间,提供 VDT 操作员一定的作业自主性,并对 VDT 操作员定期进行健康检查,一保护操作员健康和提高 VDT作业工效.     

VDT屏面亮度和文件背景照度对视觉核读作业的影响

研究VDT屏面亮度和文件背景照度对视觉核读作业的影响效应。以核读速度、限肌调节辐合时间和主观舒适性为测评指标。结果上述三项指标均随VDT屏面亮度和文件背景照度的变化而发生变化。结论推荐VDT屏面亮度的合适范围为15～20cd／m^2,文件背景照度的合适范围为300～450lux。VDT屏而亮度与背景照度水平的匹配性也应加以考虑。     

VDT作业中屏面背景亮度与对比度的交互作用

VDT的亮度对比度和屏面亮度在对操作者视觉功能的影响中,存在着交互作用。VDT的最佳对比度和适宜对比度范围随屏面亮度水平而变化,提高屏面亮度可以使最佳对比度值和适宜对比度范围向低对比度端偏移。评价VDT显示质量,主观评价法具有与作业绩效指标同样的价值。     

自控速度的平滑滚动引导式和RSVP的文本阅读

考察了在自控速度条件下 ,显示窗口、起始速度和文本显示方式等因素对视频显示终端 (videodisplayter minals,VDT)汉语文本阅读工效的影响。结果发现 :(1)在阅读正确率上 ,VDT文本的平滑滚动引导式优于快速系列视觉呈现 (rapidserialvisualpresentation ,RSVP)方式 ;(2 )阅读速度和阅读理解成绩相互代偿 ,若注重理解正确率 ,宜采用 15 0字 /分的起始速度 ;若兼顾阅读速度 ,宜采用 75 0字 /分的起始速度 ;(3)起始速度、显示窗口和文本显示方式三者共同影响了阅读绩效 ;(4 )机控速度方式的阅读效率优于自控速度方式。     

不同屏面背景亮度下正确辨认荧光屏(CRT)颜色字符亮度对比度阈的实验研究

本研究的目的是了解屏面背景亮度与正确辩认CRT 红、绿、蓝三种颜色字符所需亮度对比度阈间的变化关系。结果表明:(1)CRT 颜色字符的视觉辩认绩效与屏面背景亮度和字符亮度对比度有关。随背景亮度的提高,正确辩认CRT 红、绿、蓝三种颜色字符的亮度对比度阈均随之下降,且在一定的作业绩效水平上,背景亮度与字符亮度对比度阈间存在“代偿关系”以及“代偿比例转换”的关系;(2)在同等背景亮度下,正确辩认CRT 红、绿、蓝三种颜色字符的亮度对比度阈间存在一定差异,其中,红色字符的亮度对比度阈明显低于蓝色字符。     

色、形爱好的差异

人对顏色、形状有不同的偏好,这原是周知的事实。过去心理学对顏色的爱好研究很多。卡茲(S. E. Katz)和布律德(F. S. Breed)研究了5—15岁的儿童,各种顏色爱好的次序是:蓝、绿、红、紫、橙。国內陈鹤琴对小学生有关光谱各色的调查结果,表明对两端色彩的爱好胜过居中各色。温肇桐调查小学生对顏色的爱好次序,男的是:紫、黄、     

VDT上移动式中文文本阅读效果与显示速度、步幅及窗口宽度的关系

随着电子技术的迅速发展，VDT上显示文本的方式日趋多样化。除页式显示外，较常见的是将文本在VDT上从右向左水平地在一行上移动，这种显示方式通常称为“移动式”显示。又称“前导式”显示(Leading Format)。它的特点是把文本的空间分布转化为时间上的分布。从而占用的显示面积比较小。已有的研究表明，在移动式显示条件下英文文本的阅读速度慢于页式显示时的阅读速度。但两种显示方式在阅读理解上无明显差异。Granaas等人发现。影响移动式显示文本阅读的主要因素有显示速度、显示窗口宽度和移动步幅。     

液晶显示器上字符辨认效果与观察角度及字符大小的关系

本研究从工程心理学角度,探讨了有源矩阵液晶显示器上字符辨认效果与观察角度及字符大小的关系。实验结果表明：(1)液晶显示的字符辨认效果因观察角度不同而存在显著差异,无论是在水平方向上还是下视方向上,字符辨认错误率均随着观察角度的增大而先慢后快地上升;但相比之下,水平方向上观察角度变化的容许范围大于下视方向上的容许范围;(2)液晶显示器上字符辨认效果也受字符大小的影响,并且字符大小与观察角度之间存在着显著的交互作用;当观察角度较大时,可通过加大字符尺寸来提高视觉辨认效果。     

Further studies of the McCollough effect

Following prolonged viewing of black and white striped pattems in colored light, red and green aftereffects that lasted as long as 3 days were seen on the patterns, illuminated with white light. Altemate exposures of a vertical pattern of stripes in green light and a horizontal in white light (or a vertical in white light and a horizontal in red light) produced a red aftereffect on the vertical pattern and a green on the horizontal. The red and green aftereffects were also produced with a single vertical pattern. Adaptation colors that were at all greenish produced a red aftereffect on a vertical pattern and a green on a horizontal, whereas colors that were at all reddish produced a green aftereffect on a vertical pattern and a red on a horizontal. Colors near pure blue and pure yellow, which had little red or green content, produced weak aftereffects. The saturation of the aftereffects on the vertical grating varied in proportion to the red or green content of the adaptation color. Vivid red and green aftereffects were frequently obtained with the vertical and horizontal adaptation patterns paired with colors that closely bracketed pure yellow or pure blue. In all cases, the aftereffects gradually desaturated as the head was gradually tilted down to the side; the colors on each test pattern, vertical and horizontal, vanished at 45-deghead tilt and reversed beyond 45 deg.     

吊车工人深度视觉阈值的测定

本研究对１０９名吊车工人进行了红橙黄绿蓝紫黑白等八种颜色的深度知觉阈限的测定．结果发现：在白色背景条件下,绿蓝两色为最佳深度色,最易辨别深度差异;黑紫红三色为二级深度色;橙黄两色为三级深度色;白色为四级深度色．易于深度辨别的颜色．,平均阈值小,分布较集中;不易深度辨别的颜色,平均阈值大,分布较分散．建议吊车设计部门,在吊钩臂部位的黄色背景上,涂上黑色条子．使吊车的吊钧本身具有颜色对比,少受作业环境的影响。     

Effects of color of paper on which the Profile of Mood States is printed on the psychological states it measures.

The Profile of Mood States was printed on four different colors of paper (yellow, red, green, blue) and white to test whether the color of paper would influence mood state scores of 246 college students. Univariate analyses of variance identified color effects only on the Fatigue scale.     

3—6岁白、哈尼族与汉族儿童的颜色命名能力的发展

探讨了云南地区白族与哈尼族３—６岁儿童的颜色命名能力发展,并与北京地区汉族同龄儿童作了比较。实验结果表明,不同民族的儿童的颜色命名能力都伴随年龄增长而逐步提高;但汉族儿童的颜色命名能力发展略高于哈尼族与白族同龄儿童。总的来看,儿童对不同颜色正确命名能力的发展有着共同的规律性,即黑、白、红三色较易正确命名,其次是黄、绿、蓝三色较难正确命名,命名正确率最低的颜色是橙与紫。     

Association of consumers' sex and eyedness and lighting and wall color of a store with price attraction and perceived quality of goods and inside visual appeal

The associations of sex and eyedness of consumers in a market and the market's lighting and wall color with price attraction and perceived quality of goods and the inside visual appeal were studied using an inventory after shopping by 440 men and 478 women, 20 to 60 years old (M = 29.3, SD = 10.2). Two lights (soft and bright) and 4 colors (blue, yellow, green, and red) and neutral light (white) were used. Women rated the prices of goods more attractive compared to men. In the total sample, left-eye preferents rated visual appeal higher compared to right-eye preferents. Bright light was associated with higher visual appeal than soft light. Green was associated with the highest inside visual appeal and perceived quality of goods, which may be due to its intermediate wavelength.     

Effects of four psychological primary colors on anxiety state.

Effects of the four psychological primary colors were assessed by randomly assigning 40 undergraduates (13 male, 27 female) to 4 treatment groups, with each group receiving either red, yellow, green, or blue illumination. Anxiety state was assessed at 5-min. intervals using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The red and yellow groups had significantly higher A-state scores than the blue and green groups, and these values did not change significantly during the 15-min. testing session.     

3—6岁不同民族儿童颜色命名发展的比较

该文报告了我国大陆地区的汉族、蒙族、维族、壮族、白族及哈尼族3-6岁儿童的颜色命名发展的水平与差异。采用8种常见色片,即红、橙、黄、绿、蓝、紫及黑、白作为本实验用色样。结果表明：6个不同民族儿童的颜色正确命名率均随年龄增长而提高,不同民族儿童的颜色正确命名率存在一定差异。从总平均结果值来看,汉族儿童正确命名率为75．7％,蒙族为74．9％,哈尼族为59．8％,壮族为57．8％,白族为56．3％,维族为42．9％。对不同颜色的正确命名难易程度是不同的,但总的发展趋势是一致的,正确命名颜色的先后发展次序是：先是黑色、红色、白色,然后是黄色和绿色,再后是蓝色,最后是紫色与橙色。对儿童给予早期颜色命名教育可以明显提高和促进其颜色命名能力的发展。     

How Red,Blue, and Green are Affectively Judged

The present study aimed at examining how the colors red, blue, and green were affectively judged through three variables: dominance, arousal, and pleasure. All participants were exposed to red, blue, green, and white (control condition), which were created using the hue–saturation–value color model. Then, participants were invited to rate their perceptions using the self‐assessment manikin. Results showed that (a) red was strongly associated with dominance and arousal; (b) blue was moderately and slightly associated with dominance and arousal, respectively; (c) green was slightly associated with arousal; and (d) blue and green were slightly more pleasurable than red. These results provide initial insights into how people perceive colors through the notions of dominance, arousal, and pleasure. Important practical implications for the use of colors are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Visual search performance on an lcd monitor: effects of color combination of figure and icon background, shape of icon, and line width of icon border

This study investigated the effects of color combinations for the figure/icon background, icon shape, and line width of the icon border on visual search performance on a liquid crystal display screen. In a circular stimulus array, subjects had to search for a target item which had a diameter of 20 cm and included one target and 19 distractors. Analysis showed that the icon shape significantly affected search performance. The correct response time was significantly shorter for circular icons than for triangular icons, for icon borders with a line width of 3 pixels than for 1 or 2 pixels, and for 2 pixels than for 1 pixel. The color combination also significantly affected the visual search performance: white/yellow, white/blue, black-red, and black/ yellow color combinations for the figure/icon background had shorter correct response times compared to yellow/blue, red/green, yellow/green, and blue/red. However, no effects were found for the line width of the icon border or the icon shape on the error rate. Results have implications for graphics-based design of interfaces, such as for mobile phones, Web sites, and PDAs, as well as complex industrial processes.     

The colors of the alphabet: naturally-biased associations between shape and color

Many letters of the alphabet are consistently mapped to specific colors in English-speaking adults, both in the general population and in individuals with grapheme-color synaesthesia who perceive letters in color. Here, across six experiments, we tested the ubiquity of the color/letter associations with typically developing toddlers, literate children, and adults. We found that pre-literate children associate O with white and X with black and discovered that they also associate I and ameboid nonsense shapes with white; Z and jagged nonsense shapes with black; and C with yellow; but do not make a number of other associations (B blue; Y yellow; A red; G green) seen in literate children and adults. The toddlers' mappings were based on the shape and not the sound of the letter. The results suggest that sensory cortical organization initially binds specific colors to some specific shapes and that learning to read can induce additional associations, likely through the influence of higher order networks as letters take on meaning.