中国宗教思想史(上)

本文从中国宗教思想整体的角度,考察了外来宗教思想传入中国以前中国固有宗教思想的形成、展开和佛教传入中国以后中国宗教思想所发生的变化等问题.因篇幅关系,译文拟分三次刊出.     

中国宗教思想史(下)

本文从中国宗教思想整体的角度,考察了外来宗教思想传入中国之前中国固有宗教思想的形成、展开和佛教传入中国之后中国宗教思想所发生的变化等问题。因篇幅关系,译文分三次刊出。     

论中国文化中的社会认知思想

中国文化中具有十分丰富的社会心理学思想,其中包括社会认知的思想。中国文化中的社会认知思想包括知人观、知人术和有关认知者的理念等内容,是一个从有关知人的重要性、困难性、可能性到各种知人的方法、技巧以及认知者理念的内涵丰富的整体系统。知人术即是典型的中国人社会认知的方式,它以中国社会、中国文化、中国人的思维和生活方式以及中国语言特有的形式表现出来,既不同于西方的社会心理学思想,也有别于现代社会心理学的理念和范式,形成了独具特色、自成体系的中国人的社会认知思想。其中,有关具身认知的思想,与现代具身认知的理念相一致,同时又具有独特的中国人和中国文化的具身特点,显示出中国古人有关社会认知思想的先见性与高明性。中国文化中的社会认知思想既是中国本土化心理学的重要组成部分,也是对当代社会心理学有关社会认知内容的不可或缺的重要补充。     

启蒙思想与中国文化——16-18世纪中国文化经典对欧洲的影响再研究

中国思想和西方思想的第一次真实相遇是16-18时期中国古代文化经典在欧洲的传播和影响,由此,开启了18世纪的欧洲中国热,中国文化成为启蒙思想家重要的思想来源。但当下中国学术界在理解西方启蒙思想和中国思想的关系时,要么从后现代主义出发,否认中国文化对当时启蒙思想的影响,把西方近代思想的形成说成一个自我成圣的过程;要么将启蒙思想与中国跟传统思想对立起来,无法揭示二者之间的历史和思想的联系,从而赋予儒家思想以现代意义。因此,本文将从历史与思想的角度说清18世纪西方启蒙思想和中国文化的关系。     

道教思想对中国古典建筑的影响

中国古典建筑受本土道教思想的影响深远,道教是中国土生土长的宗教,道教思想在中国古代很多朝代都占据着主导的地位,其思想和哲学意义都深深地渗透到中国古代的建筑营造的诸多领域。文章从深受道教思想影响的中国古典建筑的空间气质及其特色入手,分析在天人合一的道教思想精神内涵影响下,中国古典建筑在榫卯结构、材料、造型、空间和布局等方面的专属特点。     

墨家逻辑推理模式的新解释

墨家是先秦诸多学派之一,墨家逻辑也是中国古代本土逻辑思想的典范之一。墨子及其后学创立了中国思想史上第一个＂以名举实,以辞舒意,以说出故＂的墨家逻辑体系,成为中国古代逻辑思想发展的优秀代表。墨家逻辑的主要推理模式包括：＂辟＂、＂侔＂、＂援＂、＂推＂等。墨家逻辑思想的研究开启了中国逻辑思想研究的先河,墨家逻辑思想研究是中国逻辑思想研究的核心内容之一。国际逻辑学界对作为非印—欧语言系统的中国逻辑的关注,显示了中国逻辑独立存在的价值。今天的中国逻辑思想研究处于现代逻辑发展与中国现代文化发展的交汇点上,需要我们从逻辑和中国文化的角度来研究中国逻辑思想。用逻辑的一般特性来分析墨家逻辑,依据工具性、形式性和有效性这三个方面,是解释墨家逻辑的一个新角度。     

人类命运共同体思想的生成逻辑及建构实践

人类命运共同体思想是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要内容之一。作为科学社会主义理论在当代中国的最新成果,这一思想既是对新时代中国现实国情和人类未来走势的理论反映,也是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想要旨的关键体现。探讨人类命运共同体思想的生成逻辑、建构实践及时代意义,对学习、理解和把握习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的理论意涵和实践特色具有重要价值,是当今马克思主义研究绕不开的重大课题。     

联系实际注重实效 大力推进神学思想建设——中国基督教神学思想建设推进小组工作会议在宁举行

为帮助更多的同工、同道认识中国基督教神学思想建设的重大意义,制订和落实神学思想建设规划,提高中国基督教整体神学思想水平,1月16、17日,中国基督教神学思想推进小组在江苏信德大厦举行工作会议。中国基督教两会名誉主席、会长、神学思想建设推进小组组长丁光训主教、中国基督教三自爱国运动委员会主席罗冠宗同工、中国基督教协会     

中国画的艺术特征

中国画与中国的文化、宗教相互渗透,具有鲜明的民俗特征和风格,在文化教育和思想上都有很高的价值。中国绘画讲究传神,追求内在的意境表达,只有理解了中国深厚的文化才能体会到国画的艺术思想和文化底蕴。要想读懂中国画,就要先去了解中国的文化和美学思想。     

中国传统思想文化在新文化建构中的位置

<正> 当代中国思想文化主要是由三种成分构成的:一、渊远流长、根深蒂固的以儒学为主体的传统思想文化;二、19世纪下半叶开始输入中国的近现代西方思想文化,其核心是民主和科学;三、五四新文化运动前后开始传入中国并指导中国取得革命胜利的马克思主义。传统思想是中国本土文化,固然根基深厚,近现代西方思想文化和马克思主义也已深深扎根于中国人民的意识之中,特别是马克思主义更为绝大多数中国人民所接受。     

The perils of police psychology: 10 strategies for minimizing role conflicts when providing mental health services and consultation to law enforcement agencies

This article addresses common dilemmas faced by mental health professionals working on behalf of law enforcement agencies, focusing on those relating to informed consent; conflicts in values, norms, or their relative importance; and the erosion of professional identity. The authors suggest 10 strategies that mental health professionals may invoke to reduce their risk of confronting ethical dilemmas or of experiencing role conflicts while working on behalf of law enforcement agencies. The need for each strategy is illustrated with one or more examples of problems that have arisen when mental health professionals have failed to obtain consent for their activities, have been insufficiently sensitive to or unaware of conflicts between the usual norms in their professions, and the norms of law enforcement agencies, or have identified too strongly with law enforcement personnel. The 10 strategies recommended here are intended to reduce professional conflicts without compromising operational effectiveness.     

The patient-physician relationship and the allocation of scarce resources: a law and economics approach

Patients with insufficient financial resources place physicians in a conflict of interest between the patients' needs and the financial interests of the physician, other patients, and society. Not only must physicians act ethically, but they must avoid liability for violating their legal duties to their patients. The traditional rules of contract and malpractice law that govern the patient-physician relationship do not provide satisfactory guidelines. Better answers are found in the rules of fiduciary law, but only with regard to direct conflicts between patients and physicians and only at the risk of reducing patient access to care. Certain types of legislative action can resolve these conflicts by altering the traditional legal rules, but care must be taken to preserve patient-physician trust, which the legal rules were designed to enhance.     

Designing an instrument for resolving individual conflicts in “Total” institutions

Individual complaint and grievance arbitration as a means to solve conflicts between individuals and organizations is especially useful as a management tool in situations involving a power difference between conflicting parties, as in employer-employee relationships or in total institutions. To design an instrument for solving individual conflicts in total organizations, influences of organizational structure, organizational climate, and grievance system on the resolution of individual conflicts were examined. The data were subjected to quantitative and qualitative analysis and considered in light of theoretical notions in organizational sociology, sociology of law, and conflict theory. Enid Mante-Meijer was a lecturer at the faculty of Sociology of Leyden University in 1988 she became senior researcher at the Royal Dutch PTT Research Institute for Applied Social Science Research.     

Informed consent in mental health treatment: A sociological perspective

The rise in the mental health movement coincides with a decline in prestige and importance of criminal law. While this may, in part, reflect the greater effectiveness of mental health treatment in dealing with overlapping problems, it also reflects certain problems that criminal law has with the individualistic values of modern society and the value-attractiveness of the mental health professions' commitment to helping the individual. However, many of the same value problems inherent in criminal punishment also apply to some aspects of mental health treatment, especially the paternalism of the doctor-patient relationship and involuntary treatment. Informed consent can be seen as a response to these value conflicts as well as part of the general extension of citizenship rights to the less privileged members of the society. This paper analyzes some of the conflicts inherent in the application of informed consent to mental health treatment from the above perspective.     

Le développement contemporain des régimes juridiques des conflits d’intérêts : l’exemple du secteur de la santé

The conceptualization of conflicts of interests and deployment of their regulatory systems are primarily modes of economic and managerial health control. When did the legal regime of conflicts of interests, which formalizes the process, clash with the conditions of professional practice? Not all assumptions of friction or opposition of interests necessarily constitute a conflict of interests. All public sector professionals have interests but not all their interests generate conflicts. The aim of public declaration of interests is to reveal the relations of interest in order to allay suspicion. Most frequently in the form of soft law system, the declaration of interests is a way of warning about the existence of a “grey zone” or time of deontological risk. It was changed by the law of 29 December 2011     

El,Baal, and Allah

This article compares the appropriations of the divine names El and Baal into the Yahwistic faith in ancient Israel with the Christian use of the word “Allah” in contemporary Indonesia. This study finds that, like El and Baal, “Allah” can function as both an appellative and personal name in contemporary Indonesia. However, the term “Allah” in Indonesia is at a crossroads to develop either to be more generic, like El, or to be more personal, like Baal. Learning from the peaceful appropriation of El as a generic name and the polemical appropriation of Baal as a personal name in ancient Israel, Indonesian Christians need to advocate the use of the name Allah as an appellative because it may prevent unnecessary conflicts in the Christian–Muslim relationship in Indonesia. Furthermore, the use of the common word “Allah” in Indonesia to refer to the supreme being is crucial for promoting interreligious dialogue between Islam and Christianity.     

Manifestations of a punitive superego

The superego retaliatory actions can be understood as unresolved conflicts at the oedipal and oral levels of development. At the oedipal level, the law of talion rules the superego organization. At the oral stage, matricidal wishes stimulate a punitive mother introject which requires compensation. In both cases, however, the superego is the internalized maternal imago whose severity is as harsh as the mother's introjected mother.     

Religious Freedom,Free Speech and Equality: Conflict or Cohesion?

There have recently been a number of high profile political incidents, and legal cases, that raise questions about hate speech. At the same time, the tensions, and perceived conflicts, between religion and sexuality have become controversial topics. This paper considers the relationship between religious freedom, free speech and equality through an analysis of recent case law in Great Britain, Canada and the United States. The paper starts with a discussion of how conflicts between these values arise in areas such as hate speech and explores the differences between the European and US approach to this issue. In Council of Europe member states there is an increasing use of the criminal law to regulate hate speech. This paper argues that criminalisation of hate speech poses a distinct risk to the values of free speech and proposes alternative non-legal responses such as a greater use of cultural policy. The paper also explores a range of cases where the religion and sexual orientation conflict has arisen in areas such as the workplace. An analysis of these cases suggests that although there is no perfect resolution of this issue, it is possible to develop a set of principles that encourage a balance between the values of religious freedom, free speech and equality even in difficult situations where there is a conflict between religion and sexuality. The paper concludes with some practical recommendations for managing the tensions or conflicts between religious freedom, free speech and equality in liberal democracies.     

Conflicts Between Ethics and Law in Counseling and Psychotherapy

Codes of ethics are designed to guide and govern the behavior of the professional for whom they are written. In such fields as counseling, psychology, and social work, ethical standards are necessary to protect clients, guide professionals, safeguard the autonomy of professional workers, and enhance the status of the profession. Sometimes, however, the professional worker finds that the ethical standards of the profession seem to be in conflict with the law. These conflicts may arise in such areas as advertising, confidentiality, and clients' rights of access to their own files. The authors discuss the nature, ramifications, and implications of ethical-legal conflicts in the helping professions.     

Genealogy of Morality and Law

In order to clarify the relationship between morality and law, it is necessary to define both concepts precisely. Cultural realities refer to concepts which are more specifically defined if we focus towards the genealogy of those realities, that is to say, their motivation, function and aim. Should we start from legal anthropology, comparative law and history of law, law arises as a social technique which coactively imposes ways of solving conflicts, protecting fundamental values for a society's co-existence. Values subject to being protected are proposed by morality, the latter making subordination of law to morality inevitable. This explains that a great number of modern constitutions include a reference to fundamental moral values, that is to say, they have explicitly positivised moral contents. Legal reasoning, at all levels and expressions, needs to appeal to the aforementioned values. Constitutional reasoning, international law, legislative activity and judicial practice are studied to verify the latter. This subordination of law to morality sets out a serious problem: moralities are cultural realities which are only valid for a specific society. In order for law not to fall in a not very rational legal relativism, law should not be subordinated to morality, but to ethics, the latter understood as cross-cultural morality. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was a step forward in this sense.