Transformational Travel for Seminarians: Reading James in Haiti

How will we teach the Bible in the twenty‐first century? This essay is intended to contribute to that larger discussion in three ways: after a brief introduction, I will, first, state some general working assumptions about the present situation of the church and about teaching the New Testament in the context of a seminary or divinity school; second, I will describe the course “Reading James in Haiti” which I designed and taught in the Spring of 1902; finally, and much more briefly, I will comment on the implications of transformational travel experiences like this one for the ability of seminarians to understand New Testament texts more deeply than the classroom setting allows.     

Equality for the Ambitious

Book reviewed in this article:
R.M. Dworkin, Sovereign Virtue: the Theory and Practice of Equality     

Joking for Gender Equality: Subversive Humor Against Sexism Motivates Collective Action in Men and Women with Weaker Feminist Identity

Sex Roles - Subversive humor has historically been considered a way of protesting, raising awareness, and seeking change. However, to date, no known empirical research has explored the consequences...     

Equality Discrepancy Between Women in Same-Sex Relationships: The Mediating Role of Attachment in Relationship Satisfaction

This internet study explored the mediating effects of anxious and avoidant attachment on the link between relationship equality discrepancy and relationship satisfaction among 75 cohabitating U.S. and Canadian women’s same-sex couples. Multiple regression results indicated that both anxious and avoidant attachment were found to mediate the relationship between dyadic equality discrepancy and relationship satisfaction, suggesting that the more partners perceived their relationships to be unequal, the more individual partners’ fears and discomforts about their relationships increased, and in turn, anxious and avoidant attachment was associated with reduced relationship satisfaction. Results reinforced the importance of equality within women’s same-sex relationships; clinical implications are discussed in light of the connection between equality and attachment for adult sexual minority women.     

Beliefs in Equality for Women and Men as Related to Economic Factors in Central and Eastern Europe and the United States

Do economic indicators predict the general level of support for gender equality? This question was investigated in a sample of countries in Central and Eastern Europe, a region that has been undergoing rapid economic changes since the early 1990s. In this overall sample of male and female college students from ten countries, including the United States as a comparison, the predicted association between stronger beliefs in gender role egalitarianism and positive economic factors was generally supported. Also, consistent with other research, women were more in support of gender equality than men were. There was no support for a predicted trend in less support for gender equality over the time period of the present study.     

平等的限制

罗尔斯《正义论》的出版,实现了当代政治哲学研究主题范式的转换:从自由到平等。人类几千年以来都在追求平等,然而时至今日仍难以完全实现。新自由主义提出了不同的平等理论范式来解决经济的不平等。罗尔斯的“民主平等”被视为诸种平等理论中的上佳范式,其缜密的论证、严密的逻辑、精巧的体系都令人叹为观止。但是,任何一种理论,无论多么精妙总会受到许多限制和约束。一解决不平等的理由充足与否构成平等理论的首要限制。解决不平等的理由是什么,这可以从两个方面来分析回答:一是为什么要平等;二是导致不平等的原因在道德上是不应该的。人…     

论复合平等

分配的正义是一个宽广的观念。它把整个物品(goods)的世界都置于哲学反思的领域之内。没有什么会被忽略;我们公共生活的每一个特征都会被考察到。人类社会就是一个进行分配的社群。人类社会不全是分配的社会,但却主要是一个分配的社会：我们在一起共有(share)、划分(divide)和交换(exchange)。我们同样在一起制造那些我们所共有、划分和交换的事物;而制造——也就是工作——是通过劳动的划分而在我们中间分配的。我在经济中的处境,我在政治秩序中的地位,我在同侪中的声誉,我的物质的所有物：所有这些都自他人而来,到我这里。说我是正确地还是错误地、正义地还是不正义地拥有我所拥有的事物是可能的;但是给定分配的范围和参与者的人数,要作出这样的判断决不是轻易的。     

Learning to Be Little Women and Little Men: The Inequitable Gender Equality of Nonsexist Children's Literature

Change in gender roles has been predominantly asymmetric: The roles of women have changed more than the roles of men. To explore the reflection of such asymmetry in the popular culture, we examined how books recommended to teachers and parents as “nonsexist” differed from books categorized as “sexist.” Multiple raters read a sample of elementary-level novels and rated the portrayals of various forms of sexism, including stereotypic personality, segregated work and family roles, status inequality, gender segregation, the traditional idealization of femininity, and unequal representation of the sexes. Although nonsexist books were more likely than sexist books to portray female characters who adopted male-stereotypic characteristics and roles, both types of books similarly portrayed female-stereotypic personality, domestic chores, and leisure activities. Such portrayals may contribute to the perpetuation of gender inequality, particularly if they are held up as examples of equality.     

Equality between age-groups

The first part of the article considers what proponents of the most familiar egalitarian moral theories would say about age-group inequality. I claim that these theories have intuitively objectionable consequences. The second part explains and criticizes a theory of justice formulated specifically for age-groups: Norman Daniels' prudential lifespan account. In the third part I explain two views that seem to me to give a better account of justice between the young and the old.